[Repeater-Builder] Re: Ge mastr 2 link question

2008-10-21 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Mike,

Did you just build up these repeaters? If so, you need to remember to install a 
load on the audio output of the receiver audio amplifier. This can be placed at 
the speaker connections. If there is not an 8 Ohm load on the audio output, it  
will produce a low level oscillation in the audio circuits around 500 hz which 
some people call Hum.

I modify my GE Mstr II mobile receivers by adding a switch in series with R616 
on the Audio Squelch board which is a 30 ohm resistor feeding regulated 10 
volts to the Audio IC U604. Opening this switch turns off the audio amplifier 
when no speaker audio is desired.

This also helps reduce current draw from the receiver.

Just a suggestion,

John, K7JL

Intermountain Intertie

3d. Re: Ge mastr 2 link question
Posted by: Mike DeWaele [EMAIL PROTECTED] firechief762
Date: Sun Oct 19, 2008 5:28 pm ((PDT))

Paul, Eric

Thanks for the response. I did some more testing with your suggestions. I
tried hooking both radios up to a deep cycle battery. The hum is still there
so I think that rules out the astrons! The audio from the main repeater to
the link isn't as bad as from the link back to the main repeater. Both have
a hum to them however the 2 meter to the 440 you can hear the voice. the
other way all you get is the hum.

For testing I have it on the bench in the basement. the only common
connection is only the audio and tx lines between the two radios. I have
also tried it with a common ground as suggested by NHRC in the controller
directions. Both have the same results.

I want to make sure it works here before it goes back to the hill. At the
site it's just my radio equipment and Wifi internet which has not given me
any problems with both machines working there prior to bringing them to my
house to work on this linking project.

Maybe tomorrow I will give NHRC a call and see if they have run into this
problem before.

Thanks,

Mike KA2NDW

  -Original Message-
  From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] Behalf Of Paul Plack
  Sent: Sunday, October 19, 2008 4:59 PM
  To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
  Subject: Re: [Repeater-Builder] Ge mastr 2 link question



  


[Repeater-Builder] Motorola R100 repeater

2007-04-24 Thread Mr John Lloyd
I have acquired a Motorola R100 repeater and I am
trying to find out its capabilities.

Do anyone know if the Motorola R100 repeater will tune
down to the 434 MHz part of the amateur band? Will it
program to an offset other than 5 Mhz? Is programming
software available for this? Where can it be found?
Is the programming software and cables only available
from Motorola?

I can tune the RF stages of the repeater and I have
all the necessary RF test gear to do this. I need to
find out how to program the amateur frequencies, get
the software or find out where to get this done.

Thank You,

John Lloyd, K7JL


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[Repeater-Builder] Coax for cabinet and for feedline - other than hardline

2007-03-17 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Joe,

You will be better off if you stay away from the
LMR400 type of coax due to the braid can rub against
the shield (dissimilar metals) and create noise in
your repeater system.

Yes, I would replace your coax run with Heliax cable
which is sometimes called hard line.

I use Andrew LDF4-50A 1/2 Heliax on VHF runs up to 
150 Ft and I use LDF5-50A 7/8 Heliax on UHF runs over
75 Ft. Make sure you install grounding kits on each
Heliax cable before entering your home for lightning
protection. Connect this to a good copper lightning
rod earth ground.

I use RG-142B/U for most of my in cabinet connections
and more recently have switched to installing Andrew
FSJ1-50 1/4 heliax inside in the cabinet on UHF
because of its lower loss. 

I would not use the Diawa wattmeter permanently on the
output of the duplexer. Use a Bird 43 with N
connectors and the proper slug. When not using the
meter, turn the slug 90 degrees so that the meter is
grounded and protected from lightning strikes.

I use high quality commercial antennas because most of
my repeaters are located at high elevation sites that
demand the best antennas due to the extremes of
weather conditions. I would recommend the DB408
antenna for UHF. I have several of them in Amateur
service. I would recommend the Sinclair or DB
antennas. 

The Diamond antenna would be ok for your home
location. I have a UHF repeater at my home and I use
the Diamond X50 antenna on my tower at 60 Ft and it
works well. I feed it with 75 Ft of 1/2 Heliax cable.
That is the only place I use a Diamond antenna.

For all outside coax connections, make sure you use
butyl rubber and good 3M type 88 tape to seal them up
to keep moisture out.

I also use Micor stations at my repeater sites. I have
one on 2Mtrs at an 11,000 Ft site near Salt Lake. It
has been in operation there since it was installed
back in 1973. Yes, I have had to maintain it over the
years and rebuilt the PA a few times but it has
provided many years of trouble free operation! I am
curious what problems you have had with yours?

I also use the Kenwood TKR-750 and TKR-850 repeaters
at some sites and they both work fine too. I have had
years of trouble free service with them.

I mainly use the GE Mastr II stations at all my sites.
I have had very good results with these radios.

Most of my repeaters are linked together so when you
key one up, they all key up together.

Thanks,

John Lloyd, K7JL
Intermountain Intertie
http://utahvhfs.org/snowlink.html



From: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
[mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED] On Behalf Of
kc7ght
Sent: Friday, March 16, 2007 1:13 PM
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com
Subject: [Repeater-Builder] Coax for cabinet and for
feedline - other than hardline

Gentlemen,

Is LMR-400 a good coax to use for my 70cm repeater
feedline. My feedline is 130 feet long and located at
my house. Should I really go to hardline and replace
my LMR-400 feedline? If so what diameter? Will it
really be worth the cost and trouble to run it through
my 
attic and into my house?

Your article indicates that some LMR-nnn coax are OK
for cabinet connections. Is LMR-400 Ultraflex a good
choice for cabinet connections? I am using RG-142B/U
now for my duplexer connections (an Angle Linear
custom made duplexer, bandpass cavities, and preamp).
Should I use RG-142/B/U for my (30 inch long) Tx to
duplexer run also? 

I would like to keep my new Daiwa CN-801 (UHF
connectors) SWR Power meter in the Tx line
permanently. Is this a good idea? It is comforting to
see the power and SWR at a glance.

I am using a Diamond X510MA (17 feet long with a UHF
connector) dual band antenna at 65 feet high. Should I
be using a different antenna for my repeat operation?
If so, what antenna?

Is the Kenwood TKR-850 repeater a good unit. I just
ordered one to replace my Micors. I have nursed my two
Micors for the last year, and just gave up on them.
One problem after another on both units.

Please let me know your thoughts and suggestions

Thank you.

Joe
KC7GHT



 

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[Repeater-Builder] 440-450 Utah Band Plan

2007-02-25 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Here in Utah, our amateur repeaters share sites with
commercial and the broadcasters repeaters. We chose
the Low in/Hi out plan on UHF so that our amateur
repeaters could co-exist with them at our mountain top
sites and not get de-sensed with the numerous 450.xxx
broadcasters and 451.xxx commercial repeaters.

We could not see having our amateur repeater receivers
at 449.xxx being so close to the 100 watt 450.xxx and
451.xxx repeater transmitters.

To avoid intermod that can be generated at the site,
we install dual isolators to get around 70 db of
isolation on our transmitters and we use band pass
type cavities and or BpBr duplexers on every repeater.
Some locations have transmitter combiners that use
dual isolators on each port. Everyone cooperates and
keeps their sites clean and removes unused antennas
and hardware from their towers. This has proven to be
sound engineering practice for our repeaters.

These repeaters are located at Farnsworth Peak which
is 18 miles west of Salt Lake City where it is
classified as the 3rd most RF populated site in the
USA! 

All of the local NTSC, DTV, FM Broadcast and most all
Two Way repeater systems are located here. 

I also own and operate several VHF and UHF repeaters.

John Lloyd, K7JL
Utah VHF Society Frequency Coordinator





Posted by: k7pfj [EMAIL PROTECTED] k7pfj
Date: Sun Feb 25, 2007 7:52 am ((PST))

Being the chairman on a repeater cordination councel
and having many operational UHF repeaters. One could
only wish that the band plans were the same as in the
country but everyone has to be a little bit differant.
We the hams dictate what we want to do and if we all
in 
the country could decide on a band plan that is
standard it would make cordination a little more
pleasant to deal with. Cal guys on the middle sound
like they are getting screwed. 

Here in Oregon we are Low out and high in. Well thats
nice but when you are offered to combine into a site
combining system things have to be done to accomidate
the low freqs. It we were all low in and high out it
would, one help all of us in the since you would get
your recievers away from the 450 stuff and keep the
trasmitters all together. You would most likley notice
that your repeaters would recieve better. More than
half of my repeaters run through combining and when
were building the combining we make provisions for
hams to have some slots so we can have everthing on
the site run through the site antennas. How about a 5
channel ham VHF combiner with all repeaters
operational and work great.

73


K7PFJ


 

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[Repeater-Builder] Service speaker not workinng

2006-12-11 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Daniel,

You need to start way before the speaker to make sure
that the receiver and the audio amplifiers are working
at all.

I always look at the volume squelch HI pin coming from
the receiver. This is audio from the discriminator
that is amplified. This is found on the systems board
P104 on pin 11. It is marked volume squelch hi. It is
very near the audio output transformer. 

I use a scope at this point and if your receiver is
working then you will see random noise like what you
would hear with an open squelch. If you have an audio
amplifier then you could hook up the input to this
point and you would hear an open squelch. The audio
level is about 1 volt at this point.
 
Try this and see if your receiver is working.

If you have audio at this point the you need to check
to see if it is getting to Pin 13 which is the audio
input to the amplifier. It comes from the wiper of pot
R3 on the systems board. This pot sets the audio level
into the audio amplifier. This pot is near the large
400 uf filter capacitor and near the metering socket.

You also want to make sure that power is getting to
the audio output transistors. Pin 20 is A- or ground
in a base station and pin 15 is A+ or 13.8 volts.

Let me know what you found out.

John Lloyd, K7JL

Intermountain Intertie

http://utahvhfs.org/snowlink.html







3. Service speaker not workinng
Posted by: Daniel M LePage
[EMAIL PROTECTED] dmlgnnv
Date: Sun Dec 10, 2006 2:12 pm ((PST))

When I changed the shelf this reciever did have
service speaker 
operated. The number stamped on the drawer is PL
19D4172G2G1 
REV Blank. I have been trying to find the right
print on the web site 
but I can not find it. I have tested the speaker with
an audio tone and 
it does work from pins 11  12 of J932 but I get no
audio there. The 
audio from the system board on pins 952 16 and 17 look
like large 
orange and red wires going to J 931. 
If any one can guide me to get this to work please do
so. I am still 
trying to get the receiver sens problem resolved but
need to be able to 
hear the repeater locally when I am working on the
receiver. 

73's
Dan
WA1OOH


 

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[Repeater-Builder] 6M duplexer wanted in UK

2006-12-05 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Dave,

You can build your own 6 Mtr duplexer. Find some 1-5/8
heliax and put one together. 

Look at   http://www.wa7x.com/ki7dx_rpt.html

Thanks,

John, K7JL

Utah VHF Society

http://utahvhfs.org/snowlink.html




1a. 6M duplexer wanted in UK
Posted by: dave_g7uzn [EMAIL PROTECTED]
dave_g7uzn
Date: Tue Dec 5, 2006 3:20 am ((PST))

Hi All, Is anyone with a set of cavity filters
suitable for 50/51MHz 
brave enough to sell them to me and get them shipped
to the UK for a 
6M repeater project? ALL expences will of course be
covered. If you 
can help please email me direct at

[EMAIL PROTECTED]


 

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[Repeater-Builder] Mastr II question

2005-11-17 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Kevin,

This sounds like a classic intermod problem. Does your
repeater and the new one each have a dual isolator on
its transmitter?
Yes, you will need a dual isolator on your repeater
transmitter as well as the new one 30 khz away.


John Lloyd, K7JL
Intermountain Intertie
http://www.ussc.com/%7Euvhfs/snowlink.html



Message: 17
   Date: Mon, 14 Nov 2005 18:54:42 -0500
   From: Kevin Berlen, K9HX [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Mastr II question

One of the systems I take care of uses a Mastr II in
station 
configruation as it's transmitter. Recently, a
repeater went on the air that is 30 KHz above our
operating frequency. If you are within about five
miles of our site and are monitoring on the new
machines frequency, you can hear our repeater. It is
not distorted, and it does not have any other
modulation on it. I have 
heard this signal on a number of differnet rigs, and
so have several other users, so I don't think it is a
problem with overload of my receiver or other problems
in my equipment.

I am not using the station receiver in the repeater,
but have an ICOM in it, as the only TX ICOM I had was
an EC version. I am using the RX ICOM just to provide
the conpensation signal to the TX element.

I had a similar problem about a year ago with a spur
60 KHz above our carrier, but it cleared up after I
swapped the exciter and PA boards out.

I have not yet been to the site to check out anything
yet, but just wondered if this is a problem anyone
else has seen. Thanks, and 73,

Kevin, K9HX



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[Repeater-Builder] Fwd: Where can I find cables

2005-05-01 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Note: forwarded message attached.


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---BeginMessage---
Ed,

Have you tried Pasternack?

949-261-1920

Every cable that I have ordered from them they had in
stock and they delivered them fast.

John, K7JL



Date: Fri, 29 Apr 2005 21:49:51 -0500
From: Ed Folta [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Where can I find cables
Hello Group

Anyone have a good source for fast delivery and good
prices on fabricated coaxial cable jumpers

I need about 100, 2 foot long RG214 or equiv cables
with male N on each end.
Need new merchandise, or at least very clean,

Price and delivery time

Ed
Com/Rad Inc

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[Repeater-Builder] LBI30200 UHF Exciter manual wanted

2005-04-12 Thread John Lloyd

I am looking for a GE manual for the UHF exciter 19D423865G4.

It is GE manual LBI30200.

I searched for it on the GE manual listings at Repeater Builders but it 
is not there.
Does someone have a .pdf copy of this manual that they send to me via 
email?

Thank You,

John Lloyd
K7JL






 
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[Repeater-Builder] Antenna mounting brackets

2005-03-12 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Have you tried Tessco?

www.tessco.com

John, K7JL
  

From: Al Wolfe 
To: Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com 
Sent: Wednesday, March 09, 2005 8:12 PM
Subject: [Repeater-Builder] Antenna mounting brackets

Anyone got any ideas on where to find standoff
mounting brackets for a DB224? Also interested in
where to find stiff-arm hardware, etc. I have just
welded up something in the past but this will be at
400 feet, side mounted. Needs to be commercial
quality.

  73,
  Al, K9SI




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[Repeater-Builder] Colocating second UHF rptr

2005-03-01 Thread Mr John Lloyd

John,

The 10 Feet between antennas will work fine but you
WILL NEED to install Dual Isolators, that have 70 db
of isolation, on each transmitter before going to the
cavity or duplexer. If you don't you will be
generating Intermod from your transmitters that will
be heard for several miles. The use of an Isolator
will reduce the amount of Intermod or IM that will
be generated by your repeater transmitters because of
close proximity of your antennas.

The output of 442.150 will be radiated by its antenna
and picked up in the nearby antenna and sent down the
coax into the PA of the 442.175 transmitter and mixed.
This generates a new frequency of 442.125 which then
can go out the coax and into the antenna to be
radiated out to be heard. You will also generate
442.200 going the other direction. This is the 2A-B or
2B-A intermod mix.

It gets more complex with each new transmitter.

Telewave had a good article about the use of Isolators
at multiple transmitter locations on their web page at
one time but it is not there now.

Here is where you can find spec sheets on the Telewave
 brand of Isolators:

http://www.telewave.com/pricelist/isolatordat.html

There are a number of Isolators manufactures on the
market. 

Thanks,
 
John Lloyd, K7JL
Intermountain Intertie
www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html

***

Message: 3 
   Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2005 14:22:15 -
   From: johnmichaelwelton [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Colocating second UHF rptr


I have a site on top of the local hospital with 3 2in
galvanized mounts attached to the roof separated by
~5ft each. On the first two I have a DB404 on
442.150/R [abt 50 watts out of the duplexer] and the
middle mount is a DB224 on 147.390/R [also abt 50
watts out of 
the duplexer]. I'd like to put a second UHF rptr at
the site on the open third mount and dedicate to VOIP
application [I have a dedicated LAN on emergency power
and T3 lines to campus]. I'm considering putting up a
DB411 and using either 442.125 or 442.175 as potential

freqs (both are available here) thinking that the
respective duplexers will help notch out the adjacent
tx signal some and will still have ~5Mhz split between
TX and RX. The only other options I have is a roof
vent that could support maybe an X50 or something
equivalent that is very small and this is on the main
roof one floor below and abt 100 ft away from the main
442.150 antenna (I have 1/2 in LDF4 to run there).

Any comments if the 10ft or so between the two UHF
antennas will work?

John/N4SJW
Charleston, SC



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[Repeater-Builder] Technical article about Isolators by EMR Corp.

2005-03-01 Thread Mr John Lloyd

The Care and feeding of RF Isolators by EMR corp is
found by going to:  

http://www.emrcorp.com/technical_cover.htm  

and then clicking on The Care and feeding of RF
Isolators

John Lloyd, K7JL



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[Repeater-Builder] Sinclair SRL229 Antenna recommended for Repeaters

2005-01-10 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Kevin,

I also recommend the Sinclair SRL229 having used them
at my 147.180 repeater site at 11,000 Ft for over 30
years now!

I have had one apart and the radiating elements are
made of solid brass rod with phasing coils between
elements.

The ends of the rods are drilled out for the phasing
coils to be soldered in place. There is a combination
of shorted stubs in the mounting base with one made
out of RG142 coax and tucked up inside.
  
The top element is attached to the lightning spike
that is pushed through the top of the Radome and
tightened with a nut and lockwasher.

Three screws are removed at the bottom mounting pipe
to remove the inside antenna elements.

John Lloyd, K7JL

Intermountain Intertie
http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowpix1.shtml



   Date: Sun, 09 Jan 2005 10:49:09 -0500
   From: Kevin Custer [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Re: Decibel Products DB-224 Antenna 
Noise

Doug Zastrow wrote:

 Russ brought up the point that some techs really shy
 away from the DB-224 because of the potential noise
 problem.  I've been scared of the fiberglass
 collinears because of the element solder joint crack
 issue and it's resultant noise problems.
  
 What's the commercial 'antenna of choice' for
 two-meter repeater operation here at
 Repeater-Builder?


I have had excellent long-term luck with the Sinclair
SRL-229.  It's a large aperture (23+ foot) fiberglass
radomed stick, but is not built like the stationmaster
with opposing sections of large (copper water pipe)
coax.  I have had experience with several that have
been up for 20+ years without failure in the duplex
mode.  I don't know how they are made internally
because I have never had to take one apart.  A
Sinclair 
Engineer told me they were not made like their
competition, and might possibly be solid rod with
phasing coils between them.

Any fiberglass radomed antenna will suffer greatly
from Corona and Precipitation Static, especially when
top mounted.  This was a big deal until the Static
Buster was developed, tested, and proven to nearly
eliminate the problem.
http://www.repeater-builder.com/antenna/static.html

Kevin Custer




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[Repeater-Builder] Re: question on repeater set up...

2005-01-09 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Message: 12
Ed,

You need to contact APCO to get the coordinator for
Fire Frequencies.

http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/

Thanks,

John Lloyd, K7JL
Utah VHF Society Frequency Coordinator


   Date: Thu, 6 Jan 2005 04:15:40 -0800 (PST)
   From: Ed Lemley [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: question on repeater set up...

Thanks for the responses.  I am a ham, but this
repeater will be for 
the fire dept.  We are needing a repeater because a
simlex channel just 
doesn't work that well anymore.  And I don't know who
the local 
coordinator is, how could I find out who it is?  And I
have looked for possible 
frequencies, but the FCC site has been down for the
last few days now.  
Thanks
Ed



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[Repeater-Builder] LBI30002 for GE Voting Selector

2004-12-22 Thread John Lloyd

I am looking for the service manual for the older Grey Voting Selector. 
It is LBI 30002.

I am looking for the schematic for the voter module, 19D413994G1, that 
uses discreet components.

Does someone have this in a PDF format that they could emain to me?

Thank You,

John Lloyd, K7JL





 
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[Repeater-Builder] intermittent 'noise' problems

2004-12-05 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Rick,

Make sure you check other nearby towers for loose or
rusty hardware. I had a similiar problem with a nearby
tower, 100 Ft away from our 146.940 repeater antenna
and the owner used a non galvanized anchor plate for
his guy wires. Well it rusted over time and became the
intermod generator for the site. I installed copper
wire jumpers from each guy wire to the guy rod to
bypass the IM generator guy anchor plate. This
solved the problem and the noise is gone.

John, K7JL


--- Rick Stoneking [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:

 All,
 
 I am trying to resolve a problem on a local repeater
 where they are having intermittent 'noise' problems.
  
 
 Background:
 This a commercial GE repeater that has been modified
 for 2m use.  When the noise is not present the
 repeater performance is outstanding with a wide
 coverage area.
 The following have been replaced with new and had no
 effect:
   - tranmitter/receiver
   - antenna (super station master)
   - hardline from duplexer to antenna 
   - repeater controller
  
 The noise may be related to weather (wet or cold
 causing an increase in the problem) though it is not
 a everytime event.  
 
 It was originaly believed that it was a grounding
 problem but grounding improvements have had no
 lasting effect. 
 
 At one point it was said that the guy wires were
 causing the problem so the club recently put
 insulators in all 9 guy wires about 6 to 8 feet from
 the anchor point - no help.
 
 The problem, which sounds like static or popping,
 occurs only during transmitting incoming audio.  In
 other words, all controller generated audio is fine,
 no noise what so ever.
 
 

Go to the repeater site and use a signal generator or 
some other means to creat a weak signal and key the
transmitter.  Then start shaking everything on the
tower.  Something ls loose and rubbing on something
else..  I ahd a guy wire problem when the wind would
blow.  The repeater was in a 6x6 foot building at the
bottom of a 100 foot tower.  The antenna was a station
master at the top.  The guy wires at the ground had
about 2 or 3 feet extra that were hanging loose after
the clamps.  Some of them were rubbing the guy wires
going to the tower.  Clamped them down and that solved
the problem.



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[Repeater-Builder] Intermod problem?

2004-10-05 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Q,

I had a IM problem several years ago with our 146.940
repeater. The repeater was a GE MastrII station with a
dual isolator on the transmitter and a bandpass
bandreject duplexer. The antenna was a Sinclair SRL229
mounted to a 40 Ft wood pole. The other transmitters
found in the IM mix were AM broadcast transmitters
nearby. One was on 910 khz and the other on 1510 khz.
Thats right, they were 600 khz apart. When the 146.94
transmitter came on the mix was present and heard in
the 146.34 receiver until the repeater timed out. One
clue was that the IM would go away at sundown and
return at sunrise. We found that the station on 1510
went to very low power at night. Both AM transmitters
were within 5 miles of this repeater and were very
strong.

It turned out that the mix was coming from a nearby
tower that had 3 rusty guy anchors. This was a 120 Ft
tower that was 200 Ft away. I solved the problem by
putting in jumper wires attached with cable clamps
from each of the guy wire to ground which bypassed the
rusty guy wire combing plate.

Look for any rusty guy wires, rusty joints between guy
wires, rusty tower joints, loose metal rubbing up
against a tower leg or section, loose hardware on a
tower,antenna elements that have come loose from their
mount. This should get you started.

The site that has the strongest interferrence is most
likely to have the problem nearby. This sounds like
the 146.70 location from your description.

I would make sure that both repeaters have dual
isolators on their transmitters. A dual isolator keeps
the transmitter PA from creating the 2A-B and 2B-A mix
from happening and being radiated back out through
your antenna. 

I recently found and purchased a tuneable Sinclair
Dual Isolator and I tuned it down to 145.270 just
fine. Insertion loss was under 1 db and the isolation
was 75 DB on frequency. I got mine from Bill Hance,
KD7CWA. Bill knows his stuff and is good to work with.

John Lloyd, K7JL


Date: Sun, 3 Oct 2004 01:18:22 -0400
From: Q [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Intermod problem?

Trying to troubleshoot an intermod??? problem between
two repeaters. 

The 146.10/.70 repeater's receiver gets blasted by the
147.90/.30 transmitter but only when they are both
transmitting. Yes,the transit freqs are 600khz apart
and they are only 5 miles apart. Would a circulator
help this problem?

Also have similar problem between the 146.07/.67 and
the 147.87/.27 repeaters when they are both keyed up.
Ideas?




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[Repeater-Builder] Highest repeater

2004-10-03 Thread Mr John Lloyd

I have had my 2 mtr, 147.180 repeater at the same site
location here in Utah at 11,000 Ft since 1974. Does
this longitivity and elevation qualify?

John, K7JL


Is there a repeater on the space station?  

That's gotta about as high as you can get I would
think..

I wonder if it is a Mastr-Pro 




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[Repeater-Builder] New Sinclair 2M Antenna Question

2004-09-21 Thread Mr John Lloyd
It sounds like you have a SRL229 antenna. That extra
cable in the mounting tube is part of the matching
network. Just push it back up inside the mounting
tube. Only the VHF model uses this RG142 matching
cable. I have used these antennas for over 20 years
now and have had excellent results. You can see some
pictures of them on our web page.

John Lloyd, K7JL

http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html


 
Date: Mon, 20 Sep 2004 12:27:13 -0400
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: New Sinclair 2M Antenna Question

We just purchased a new Sinclair 2-Meter Collinear
antenna for our 2-Meter Repeater to replace a similar
Celwave Stationmaster antenna that was about 14
years old (turns out we probably really didn't need
to, it still looks almost brand new). 

The new Sinclair 2-Meter antenna arrived (ordered for
our 2-Meter channel) and we found a second cable going
into the base of the antenna. There's the main antenna
connector, and there's also a short length of what
appears to be RG-142 cable, hanging out and going
nowhere. We've worked with many of these
Stationmaster type collinear antennas for many
years, but have never seen anything like this. The
instruction sheet and frequency sweep don't mention
anything about this loose cable going into the
antenna. 

Has anyone else seen this and know what it's for? Our
dealer that we ordered it through hasn't seen anything
like this, either, and was at a loss to explain what
it might be. 

We also ordered a brand new 10dB Sinclair collinear
for 440 MHz, and it doesn't have this extra cable.

LJ




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[Repeater-Builder] low band Amateur repeater

2004-09-19 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Our group here in Utah has a low band 6 Mtr Amateur
repeater on top of a 9,000 Ft mountain. It uses a 1
Mhz split on 53.15 output and 52.15 input. The Radio
is a GE MastrII and we built a band pass band reject
Duplexer out of 4 DB products cavities. The antenna is
a modified Celwave omni. You can see it on our web
page by going to: http://www.wa7x.com/ki7dx_rpt.html

Thanks,

John, K7JL


Message: 7 
   Date: Sat, 18 Sep 2004 17:16:59 -0400
   From: Maire Company [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: low band repeater

does any one know of any low band repeaters on the
air?
(30 to 40 mhz)  

if so how good do they work?   

any ham repeaters?

if so how far does the tx and rx freg need to be?  

looking to built one and any help would help

thanks  John





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[Repeater-Builder] Recording repeater audio computer program

2004-09-19 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Some time ago I remember seeing a discussion about a
recording program that runs on a personal computer to
record the audio from a repeater. Can some one direct
me to where I can find this information?

I have searched the messages and have not found it.

Thanks,

John, K7JL




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[Repeater-Builder] KENWOOD TKR-850 UHF REPEATER YES, it can be tuned in the Ham Band

2004-09-06 Thread Mr John Lloyd
To answer your question and speculation about whether
or not the Kenwood TKR-850 will tune and operate in
the amateur band, well the answer is YES.

I have just finished tuning and installing my Kenwood
TKR850 repeater two weeks ago at one of our repeater
sites in south eastern Idaho. 

My frequencies were on 441 Mhz Receive and 446 Mhz  
Transmit. I had to tune the Receiver Helical front end
and set the VCO's. It made factory spec's after
tuning. Mine was a 450-470 mhz version. The
programming and tuning took less than one hour.

I know of another local ham who tuned his TKR-850 in
the Amateur bands. His receives at 443 and transmits
at 448 Mhz. That's two TKR-850 repeaters that I know
of that have been tuned successfully to the 440-450
band from the 450-470 band.

I received my manuals in PDF format. I will check to
see if I can send you a copy.

Thanks,

John Lloyd, K7JL
Intermountain Intertie
http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html



Date: Sat, 04 Sep 2004 09:45:34 -0700
From: Eric Lemmon [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: KENWOOD TKR-850 UHF REPEATER  Can it be
tuned and Programed in the Ham Band

The answer is probably.  The fact that others have
tuned a TKR-850 to the 70cm band is not an absolute
guarantee that your unit will do the same.  It may
work fine, or it may barely make it.

The TKR-750 and -850 repeaters have manually-tuned
bandpass filters in the front end that must be
optimized for the Ham bands.  As delivered,
the filters in the TKR-850 are optimized for 450-470
MHz, but still need to be tweaked for maximum receive
sensitivity.  Also, the RX and TX VCOs need to be
adjusted slightly to ensure that they operate over the
optimum locking range.  Like most RF equipment,
operating a TKR repeater outside of its specified band
carries some risk; it's best to minimize the risk with
careful tuning.

Before you attempt to tune this repeater, get a
Service Manual from Pacific Coast Parts, about $23. 
Leave the repeater power on while you're waiting for
the manual, so that the reference crystal oscillator
can settle in to a stable frequency.  Every TKR
repeater I have set up needed to have the reference
oscillator tweaked slightly to bring it exactly on
frequency.

73, Eric Lemmon WB6FLY

aj4ef wrote:
 
 KENWOOD TKR-850 UHF REPEATER Can it be tuned and
Programed in the
 Ham Band?
 The 450-470 Mhz Model.
 I need it to TX 442.100 RX 447.100
 Thanks for the help.
 







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[Repeater-Builder] Fwd: Re: Motorola Nucleus II 900 mhz

2004-08-12 Thread Mr John Lloyd

Note: forwarded message attached.




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---BeginMessage---
Coy,

I have 2 each 929 and 940 Mhz paging transmitters at
my site. The 940 mhz transmitter is the Motorola. The
929 mhz transmitter is a Quintron.

My co-located 145.410, 2 mtr repeater works fine. I
use a TXRX duplexer. I use 40 ft of vertical
separation between the 900 mhz transmitter antennas
and the 2 mtr antenna. I understand what you are
talking about.

My repeater was there before the 900 mhz transmitters.
Yes, the noise floor came up when the 900 mhz
transmitters were added. 

You state in your reply that you have a Wacom WP641
BpBr duplexer with an Additional Band Pass cavity
tuned to your  receive frequency, a Notch filter, a 5
pole Helical front end feeding a MASTRII receiver with
additional 5 poles Helical filtration.

Can you tell us what frequency the notch filter is
tuned to?

Tell us about your band pass cavity. Is it a large
type like the DB4002 or is it a much smaller type.

Did you put the 5 pole helical front end filter in
front of your receiver to try to eliminate the 900 mhz
transmitter interferrence? 

If you do have on frequency interferrence on 144.510, 
then this will not help.

If I read your response correctly, your antenna coax
connects to your Wacom WP641 Duplexer, then through a
band pass cavity, then you have a notch cavity in
line, then the signal goes through a 5 pole helical
filter, and then possibly through another 5 pole
helical filter and then to your receiver.

You say that you are feeding a MastrII receiver with
additional 5 poles Helical filtration. Are you just
commenting on the Mastr II front end casting filter or
do you actually have another 5 poles of Helical
filtering before the receiver? Were all these filters
installed to try to reduce the interferrence from the
900 mhz transmitter?  Can you tell us your thought
process why they were installed? 

You also say that It's difficult to get 40 feet
vertical seperation on top of a building.

I do not know your situation, but over the years, I
have installed numerous 40 and 50 Ft Rohn 25G and Rohn
45G type towers on the top of buildings. I agree it
can be difficult but it can also be possible. Have you
asked if you can put up a few tower sections on the
roof of this  building?

You may first want to try a push up mast with you
antenna on it to see if the interferrence goes away
with some vertical separation. These masts can be
found at any Radio Shack or TV stores.

Also, Spectrum Analyzers can be overloaded very easily
from nearby transmitters. You will need to use a
bandpass cavity in front of the Spectrum Analyzer
tuned to your receiver frequency to verify on
frequency interferrence.

John Lloyd, K7JL

Intermountain Intertie
http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html




Message: 10
   Date: Tue, 10 Aug 2004 23:51:05 -
   From: Coy Hilton [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Motorola Nucleus II  900 mhz

AS stated in one of my posts, it's 144.510 MHZ. the
remainder of the 
equipment used to assist with eliminating this problem
is as 
follows.  a Wacom WP641 duplexer,  BpBr With an
Additional BAnd Pass 
cavity tuned to my receive frequency, also a Notch
filter, a 5 pole 
Helical front end feeding a MASTRII receiver with
additional 5 poles 
Helical filtration. Please read the following
carefully and slowly. 
THE INTERFERANCE IS ON THE RECEIVER FREQUENCY...I CAN
SEE IT ON THE 
SPECTRUM ANALYZER and AT LEAST ONE OTHER PLACE ON THE
BAND AT 
154.490, BROAD BAND, AND 20 KHZ WIDE.

This problem  has to be solved at the source not band
aided by me 
trying to put every kind of filter known to man on my
receiver. The 
only way that I can solve it, is to move to another
site or turn my 
receiver off. What I need to know is has anyone had
this problem 
with this Transmitter and a little about the
transmitter like normal 
configuration. 

Oh, Motorola told me that They didn't build this model

transmitter.  It was built by Nucleus Inc a third
party company in 
Texas  

It's difficult to get 40 feet vertical seperation on
top of a 
building.

73
AC0Y

--- In Repeater-Builder@yahoogroups.com, Mr John Lloyd
[EMAIL PROTECTED] 
wrote:
 Coy,
 
 You did not say anything about what receiver
frequency
 you are using that is getting hit by the 900 mhz
 transmitter. Do you have a bandpass cavity on your
 receiver? If you are using a BpBr type of duplexer,
 then it has almost no rejection to the 900 Mhz
signal.
 You will need a bandpass cavity on your receiver.
 
 Most 900 Mhz paging transmitters have an output
power
 of 300-500 watts. You will need

[Repeater-Builder] Motorola Nucleus II 900 mhz

2004-08-10 Thread Mr John Lloyd
Coy,

You did not say anything about what receiver frequency
you are using that is getting hit by the 900 mhz
transmitter. Do you have a bandpass cavity on your
receiver? If you are using a BpBr type of duplexer,
then it has almost no rejection to the 900 Mhz signal.
You will need a bandpass cavity on your receiver.

Most 900 Mhz paging transmitters have an output power
of 300-500 watts. You will need vertical separation
between your antennas and bandpass cavities to solve
this.

The 25 Ft separation is next to nothing if it is
horizontal. You will need at least 40 Ft of vertical
separation between your antennas.

John, K7JL



Message: 9 
   Date: Mon, 09 Aug 2004 22:15:52 -
   From: Coy Hilton [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Motorola Nucleus II  900 mhz

Does any one have any info on the possible problems
with noisy 
Motorola Nucleus II  900 mhz transmitters?  A paging
company coo-
locatde at the site with my repeater has one that's
driving me up 
the wall. I have been working with them for 3 months
now, to get it 
fixed. They recently changed antennas to one located
about 25 feet 
away but there are spurs on my input frequency but,
that did a lot 
of good. NOT. I'm about ready to fax Riley H. at the
FCC. I'm trying 
to be a good neighbor but I've about had it
73
AC0Y





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[Repeater-Builder] 2m repeater IMD issue

2004-05-06 Thread John Lloyd
Several years ago, I had a similar problem with AM stations 1510 and 910
that were 600 khz apart. They were both about 5 miles away from our
repeater. Our 146.94 repeater when it keyed up was hearing the audio
combination of both AM transmitters that were on during the day. The
problem went away at sundown when the one AM station went off the air
and returned the next morning at sunrise when it came back on.

We traced the IMD mix point to a guy wire anchor plate on a nearby 120
ft tower that was rusty and it wasn't even galvanized! We solved the
problem by adding wire jumpers with cable clamps from each guy wire to
the anchor rod which shorted out the diode action of the rusty anchor
plate.

John, K7JL

*

Message: 21
   Date: Thu, 06 May 2004 04:52:01 -
   From: Laryn Lohman [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: 2m repeater IMD issue


This is something fairly easy to check, and is my experience with
structure generated IMD.

Two FM broadcast stations, one is 1 mile away from our repeater, the
other is much higher power and about 8 miles away.  Their frequencies
are 89.3 and 89.9---600kc apart.  The intermod generated was very
broadband because of the FM station deviation at 75kc.  It caused no
problems until BOTH stations were transmitting little or no audio,
then it would show up.

Anyway, the intermod was generated at the guy anchor points.  Tower
riggers often lace a piece of cable through the turnbuckle centers to
keep them from rotating.  Where this cable touches/barely touches the
turnbuckle is where the problem was.  Simply isolating these elements
from each other with pieces of cable insulation cured the problem.

Ya never know.  All the best finding your problem.

Laryn K8TVZ







 
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[Repeater-Builder] 2m repeater IMD issue

2004-05-05 Thread John Lloyd
Richard,

Have you tried installing a low pass filter between your 2 Mtr duplexer
and the antenna feed line?

I am talking about the large low pass filters that were found in the old
VHF Motorola base stations that were about 1 inch in diameter and about
14 inches long.

I have a similar situation where my 2 mtr antenna is also at the same
elevation as numerous other 800 Mhz repeater antennas and the addition
of a low pass filter in my 2 mtr repeater feed line cured the problem
like you describe.

The low pass filter reduces the 800 mhz energy an additional 60 db or so
to help isolate your 2 mtr repeater from the 800 mhz repeaters.

I also have a dual isolator on the output of my transmitter before it
goes into my 6 cavity celwave BpBr 2 mtr duplexer.

You will probably need both the low pass filter in your feed line and
dual isolator on your transmitter to solve this kind of problem.

Your other solution will be to move your antenna out of the other
antennas main RF field.

John, K7JL



Message: 17
Date: Tue, 4 May 2004 20:03:48 -0400
From: Richard Sharp, KQ4KX [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 Subject: 2m repeater IMD issue

 Hi gang,

 Our club was allowed space (no cost) on top of a 400' tower using an
 existing 7/8 line.  The existing UHF antenna was replaced (by the
club)
 with a PD220-2 (142~150 range) antenna.  The coverage is very good.
 However, on occasion when users with HTs or during a squelch tail the
IMD
is
 audible.  I have added cavity filters to both the rx  tx and the IMD
is
 still there.  I've looked at it with a spectrum analyzer (connected to
the
 rx port of the duplexer) and I do see IMD when the 2m repeater's tx is
on.
 Although, since I have the cavity filters inline the IMD is only
noticeable
 within the passband of the rx cavity.  The IMD levels are around
-90dBm
give
 or take a couple.

 Ok, here's the source of the IMD.  At the top of this tower is also
six
 other transmit antennas that are for 800MHz trunk systems.  A total of
30
 channels.  The top platform is rather large but the closest 800
antenna to
 the 2m antenna is about 5 feet.  The farthest is about 12 feet.  Of
course,
 these antennas are in the same horizontal plane with the 2m antenna.

 Signal levels in the 800 tx band that I see at the TX or RX port of
the 2m
 duplexer without the bandpass cavity is about -40dBm.  With the cavity

 about -75dBm.

 I'm thinking of just moving the antenna about 50' down the tower
(where
 there's no other antennas mounted) to eliminate the problem.  My
thinking
is
 that with the extreme RF levels present on the top platform that I'd
have
to
 spend a fortune in filters on the 2m equipment  perhaps the 800 stuff

that
 it'd just be cheaper to move the antenna from the top.  Any thoughts?

 I was looking into a solution using an isolator but after further
research
I
 discovered that a VHF isolator will ALLOW RF into the 2m transmitter
that
is
 in the 800MHz range.  With the bandpass cavity inline there's no VHF
 (150~160) or UHF (450~470) signals that show up on the spectrum
analyzer.
 Only the co-site 800MHz stuff is getting through the cavity.


 Richard





 
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[Repeater-Builder] audio problems

2004-03-26 Thread John Lloyd
Robert,

Have you looked at the audio level coming out of the repeater receiver?
I sometimes find the Mastr II and Exec II receiver audio output level
pot intermittent or dirty which results in what you are experiencing.
This Pot is located in the shielded compartment by the detector. This
sets the audio output level going to the Volume Unsquelched High output.

John, K7JL


Message: 11
   Date: Thu, 25 Mar 2004 07:41:29 -0500
   From: Robert W Burton [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: audio problems

We have a hub repeater within our system that is having a problem.
(http://www.georgiaskywarn.com )
Every so often the audio level just drops.  No distortion, no intermod
mixing that we can hear...the level of the audio just gets softer.  No
loss of signal either.  The repeater is located on a tower that has 2 fm

radio stations running lots of power on it.  One of the radio stations
has caused some problems with the local school and neighboors who are
just underneath it's footprint.  Problems with them getting into t.v. ,
intercoms, etc.  This problem will just happen then fix itself.  There

are several pagers, cell phone and one digital t.v. (I think there still

in businessif your in the Atlanta area it's Bellsouth's thing with
the dishes in the tops of treesit's really too funny to see these
things ;-) on this same tower.

The repeater is a MCC converted GE Master Exec II with a SCom7
controller.

Thanks,
Robert









 
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[Repeater-Builder] 440 - 450 Low in High Out Repeaters

2004-03-12 Thread John Lloyd





Skipp and group,

Yearsago back in the 60's when we planned our Amateur 420-450 band we 
probably were considered a "rural" area. Now we haveevery commercial two 
way frequency,FM and TV Broadcast and even the 2 Mtr and 440 Amateur bands 
are full with transmitters and they are at multiple repeater sites.

Even today, my 449.500- repeater is currently co-located with a 
broadcasters 450.5125+ repeater at an 8800 Ft site andthey both work 
fine.They are on separate DB408 antennas. This is at a site that uses 
every frequency known to the broadcast, 2 way and paging world. Several other 
Ham repeaters are located on this mountain. By the way, all of the broadcasters 
that I know of have repeaters that transmit in the low end of450 Mhz. I 
thought that this was the same all over the country. Maybe this is different in 
your area.


All I am trying to say is that with the Broadcasters repeaters transmitting 
near the low end of450 Mhz, it seems prudent that the amateur repeaters 
would want some frequency isolation from them especially at a co-located site 
and would want to use a low input frequency for their repeaters. It just make 
sense! I guess your local bandplan will take precident in how you operate with 
either a low input or high input.

Our Ham repeaters use top quality Cavities, Duplexers, Combiners where 
needed, Heliax cables and rugged antennas to exist in the high RF 
environment.

Over the years, Ihave built and managedCommercial Repeater 
sites that have hadhundreds of repeaters which included 
138-174,450-470, 806-866, 900 mhz repeaters and oh yeah that 940.225 Mhz 
Skytel pager running 500 watts output. We even had a full power CH 14 TV 
transmitter on site! Life gets real interesting in this 
environment.Combiners and antenna management are a must in high RF 
environments!

By the way, all we had back many years agowereGEmobiles 
and repeaters so we just bought the crystals for the Ham frequencies we wanted 
to operate on.

Thanks and 73's

John, K7JL


http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html





Message: 
5 Date: Thu, 11 Mar 2004 21:32:40 - From: 
"skipp025" [EMAIL PROTECTED]Subject: Re: 440 - 450 Low in High Out 
RepeatersHello Sailors, As I replied direct to John, the "trend 
setters" statement was made tongue in cheek. His reasons for their bandplan 
make sense in rural areas. When you get into large metro areas, all the 
rules go out the window at busy mountain tops and repeater sites. You just 
can't hide from that nearby 1/4kw paging transmitter...Receiver 
distribution and transmit combiner systems becomea lot of science, 
experience, budget management and magic with mirrors. 

Cheers 
Skipp 













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[Repeater-Builder] 440 - 450 Low in High Out Repeaters

2004-03-11 Thread John Lloyd
Skipp,

You made a comment about your local 440 Amateur repeaters using the High
in and Low out plan and by doing this you suggest that your area in
California is a trend setter. I thought that I would share some
information about the logic that went into our band planning and actions
here in Utah.

In Utah and neighboring States, our 440-450 repeaters use low in and
high out. Most of our long standing repeaters chose this plan because
they were co-located on mountain top radio sites  with commercial
equipment. The commercial repeaters transmitted in the 450-455 Mhz band.

As an example, we did not want to have our amateur 449.500 Mhz receiver
next to a  450.250 Mhz transmitter that was used by the local TV
stations remote pickup broadcast repeater. Our our antennas were
restricted to have only 40 ft or less horizontal separation from each
other. The desense would have been difficult and expensive to cure with
only 750 khz of frequency separation between the transmitter and
receiver at 450 Mhz.

We chose to put our receiver inputs low in and by using the 444.500 Mhz
frequency to receive, we gained 5 more megahertz of frequency isolation
from the commercial transmitters. We still have to use bandpass type
duplexers with band reject on our repeater to co-exist with the
commercial transmitters. Yes, we do have a dual isolator in our
transmitter output to the duplexer to keep the IM products down to
acceptable levels..

This is only one of several examples I could show you as to why Utah
chose the Low in and Hi Out Plan for our 440 Repeaters.

Maybe you do not have this kind of problem in your local area. I'm sure
that's one of the reasons why the band plan is different in other parts
of the country.

On our 420-435 Mhz band, we have links that use a 10 Mhz or wider split.
Some links use the 5 Mhz split. We chose this because this lowers the
cost of Duplexers and Cavity filters.

We planned our 420-450 amateur band frequencies to work the best in our
local RF environment without having costly solutions.

John, K7JL
Utah VHF Society
http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/
http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/frqcoord.html



Message: 6
   Date: Wed, 10 Mar 2004 22:09:11 -
   From: skipp025 [EMAIL PROTECTED]

Most 440 to 450MHz Amateur Repeaters in my
area use 5MHz offsets, with the transmitter
on the lower frequency. I believe much of
the country uses the reverse. But we here in
Northern California are always the trend setters.
:-)

Linking 420-425MHz range amateur duplex links in
Northern California use a 3MHz offset, as does
the 480-490 range T Band repeaters.

cheers
skipp

www.radiowrench.com







 
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[Repeater-Builder] GE Multi-Receiver Power Supply

2004-02-03 Thread John Lloyd
Kevin,

I have that manual in a .pdf file that I will send to you directly. It
is GE LBI-30731.

Let me know when you get it.

Enjoy,

John Lloyd, K7JL
[EMAIL PROTECTED]


Message: 12
   Date: Tue, 03 Feb 2004 13:55:04 -
   From: w5kgt [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Multi-Receiver Power Supply

I'm in need of a LBI manual for a GE rack mount multi-receiver power
supply. Part # PL19E50707G4 Rev A. Will pay for new or good copy.

Thanks,
W5KGT
Kevin Thomas
www.w5kgt.com






 

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[Repeater-Builder] MSR2000 Power Supply Schematic Wanted TPN1191A

2003-11-13 Thread John Lloyd
Is there some one on this list that has a schematic of the MSR2000 Power
Supply in either a .PDF format or in a scanned image that you could
email to me?

The Power supply is a part number TPN-1191A and it is from a UHF
Repeater.

I need to know the output voltages and the pin out that it should be
sending to the radio. I am guessing that it outputs 9.6 and 12 volts
from working on Micor base stations.

There is a small low current 6 pin Molex plug on the power supply that
goes to the radio. The High Current voltage for the PA is connected to
the output filter Cap.

It has a shorted filter cap that I need to replace. It is Motorola part
number 25D82253N01C and its value is 64,000 uf at 20 WVDC. It is 2-1/2
inches round and 4-1/4 tall.

Any help will be appreciated.

Thank You,

John Lloyd, K7JL

Intermountain Intertie

http://www.ussc.com/~uvhfs/snowlink.html





 

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