RE: Trying to install tomcat 7.0.35 but after installation it shows me as Apache Tomcat 7.0.2

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Kiran Badi [mailto:ki...@poonam.org] 
> Subject: Trying to install tomcat 7.0.35 but after installation it shows me 
> as Apache Tomcat 7.0.2

> I downloaded the Tomcat 7.0.35 from core binary distribution.32-bit
> Windows zip bin/apache-tomcat-7.0.35-windows-x86.z>

> I wanted to install this as service in windows 32 bit vista home premium.I
> installed it correctly and I can open and get into admin page.

Are you actually running it as a service, or from the .bat scripts?

> However in admin page of tomact I see the version as
> Apache Tomcat 7.0.2

What "admin" page are you referring to?  Tomcat has a default welcome page 
which shows the version, a manager app (which requires configuration to 
access), and the service monitor (tomcat7w.exe); which one are you talking 
about?

> Any ideas as why I am seeing 7.0.2 rather than 7.0.35 ?

I just downloaded and installed the 7.0.35 32-bit .zip file from the same 
mirror, with no problems.  Are you sure you don't have an earlier version of 
Tomcat installed as well?  (Note that 7.0.2 never progressed beyond beta.)

You should probable remove all the Tomcats you can find, and reinstall from a 
fresh download.

 - Chuck


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RE: Class loaders line confusion, please help

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Narahari 'n' Savitha [mailto:savith...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Class loaders line confusion, please help

> What is the diff between
> common.loader
> or
> shared.loader

> What should be put on which line.

> What is the right approach ?

Don't change either; the shared loader is a left-over from previous versions of 
Tomcat, and the common loader already has a properly defined set of search 
locations.  Put your classes where they belong, which is usually with each 
webapp.  Classes that must be visible to Tomcat are placed in Tomcat's lib 
directory.  Sharing classes across webapps is a really, really bad idea.

 - Chuck


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RE: Fw: Tomcat 5.0.28 jdbc error "Name jdbc is not bound in this Context" on WindowsXP.

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Mark Eggers [mailto:its_toas...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Re: Fw: Tomcat 5.0.28 jdbc error "Name jdbc is not bound in this 
> Context" on WindowsXP.

> In short, upgrade to at least 6.0 (6.0.36 as I write this).

7.0 would be better.

Also, never, never copy configuration elements from one major level of Tomcat 
to another.  The syntax and semantics pretty much always change, and 
configuration errors are often not detectable programmatically.

 - Chuck


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RE: Configuring Tomcat for generating log file (catalina.out) (Tomcat 5.0)

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Gabriel Huerta Araujo [mailto:huert...@hildebrando.com] 
> Subject: Configuring Tomcat for generating log file (catalina.out) (Tomcat 
> 5.0)

Please be aware that the last Tomcat 5.0 release was over eight years ago, and 
5.0 has not been supported for quite some time (several years).  You would be 
much better off doing an upgrade to a currently supported version (e.g., 
7.0.35), and not try to resurrect the dead.

 - Chuck


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RE: Capacity Planning Turk's Formula

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: yogesh hingmire [mailto:yogesh.hingm...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: Capacity Planning Turk's Formula

> How do you think capacity planning should be approached ?

The _only_ way is to actually benchmark your application(s).  Tomcat itself 
adds very little overhead, so it really depends on the characteristics of the 
webapps.  This is frequently non-trivial (e.g., involving data base accesses 
over a network connection, static file retrieval, etc.), so the estimation has 
to be based on the application architecture - and only you know that.  Hardware 
resources are exceptionally inexpensive these days, so it's rare for throughput 
or response time to be limited by the server speed and capacity; instead, it's 
usually synchronization points in the webapps that limit performance.

 - Chuck

PS.  Note that a few things in Mladen's article are a bit out of date, such as 
one Tomcat thread being dedicated to each connection.


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RE: Subdomains in tomcat 7

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: Subdomains in tomcat 7

> >  > autoDeploy="true">  
> > 

> Only one problem: You shouldn't be using server.xml to define
> s. Instead, put your WAR file into ptt/ROOT.war and let it
> auto-deploy. This will simplify your configuration.

> >  > autoDeploy="true">

> Problem: you have two hosts with the same appBase. This will prevent
> you from having two separate ROOT webapps.

> > 

Better suggestion: change the appBase values to ptt/ptt-client and 
ptt/ptt-manager, respectively.  Remove the  elements, as Chris noted, 
and leave the two ROOT.war files where they are.

 - Chuck


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RE: common vs system vs shared class loaders

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Narahari 'n' Savitha [mailto:savith...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: common vs system vs shared class loaders

> Sorry Dan but if I do what you are suggesting I will end up in redundant
> jars all over the place and I dont want to do that.

That's an issue easily handled by a deployment script.  You really, really, 
really do not want to share classes across webapps.

 - Chuck


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RE: Question about config and correct start-up

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Alan Findly [mailto:afin...@ronan.net] 
> Subject: Re: Question about config and correct start-up

> That context statement is not correct syntax
> should be: 

Thank you for providing a clear example of why top-posting is evil: no one has 
any idea which of the several  elements (they're not statements) in 
the message you are referring to.

In any event, the angle brackets should not be present in  attributes; 
this is standard XML syntax.  The  element should look like this:


  ...


 - Chuck


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RE: Is error with Bamboo Sonar plugin because of Tomcat 6 instead of Tomcat 7?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: KARR, DAVID [mailto:dk0...@att.com] 
> Subject: RE: Is error with Bamboo Sonar plugin because of 
> Tomcat 6 instead of Tomcat 7?

> > > We're running Bamboo 3.4.3 in Tomcat 6.0.20.  It mostly apparently works
> > > fine, but yesterday I tried to get the Bamboo Sonar plugin working,
> > 
> > Did you leave out "in Tomcat 7" at the end there?

> I don't know what you mean.  Our Bamboo is running in Tomcat 6.  I'm 
> wondering 
> whether the error is due to a change in the Tomcat API between Tomcat 6 and 7.

You're not explaining your problem.  First you say you have Bamboo running in 
Tomcat 6.0.20, then you say it's not running, you're getting an exception.  
(Remember that very few - if any - people on this list have any idea what 
Bamboo is, let alone how it works with Tomcat.)  Since your subject line refers 
to Tomcat 7, I assumed (bad idea) that you were having problems migrating to 
Tomcat 7.  So what's really going on (be precise)?

 - Chuck


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RE: Is error with Bamboo Sonar plugin because of Tomcat 6 instead of Tomcat 7?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: KARR, DAVID [mailto:dk0...@att.com] 
> Subject: Is error with Bamboo Sonar plugin because of Tomcat 6 instead of 
> Tomcat 7?

> We're running Bamboo 3.4.3 in Tomcat 6.0.20.  It mostly apparently works 
> fine, but yesterday I tried to get the Bamboo Sonar plugin working,

Did you leave out "in Tomcat 7" at the end there?

> I notice that it's trying to access something in the 
> "org.apache.tomcat.dbcp.*" 
> package.  I'm pursuing this on the Sonar users list, but I'm wondering 
> whether 
> this might be an issue with Tomcat 6 vs. Tomcat 7.

I haven't looked at the API differences in that package between Tomcat 6 and 7, 
but changing the APIs for internal packages between major revisions is quite 
common.  Likely Bamboo will need a separate plugin for each major Tomcat level, 
since there's no guarantee of upward compatibility for internal interfaces.

 - Chuck 


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RE: add database resource

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Propes, Barry L [mailto:barry.l.pro...@citi.com] 
> Subject: RE: add database resource

> attributes sandwiched between  XML tags

Make that ...

 - Chuck


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RE: add database resource

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: leon.m...@hccnet.nl [mailto:leon.m...@hccnet.nl] 
> Subject: RE: add database resource


> Herewith the content of META-INF/context.xml

> 

Well, that's invalid right off the bat, so the rest of it probably doesn't 
matter.  Read the  doc again.

 - Chuck


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RE: Remove apache tomcat default home page

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: anakando [mailto:anaka...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Re: Remove apache tomcat default home page

> i cant locate any folder except myapps folder under /ROOT directory.

So besides having a horribly out of date version of Tomcat, the configuration 
is also illegal.  The webapp should not be under the ROOT directory, it should 
be under webapps, at the same hierarchy level as ROOT.  Whatever third party 
you obtained this software from is not demonstrating a high competence level so 
far.

You may be able to achieve your goal by removing all files under the ROOT 
directory other than the myapps directory, but given the broken nature of the 
original setup, that's not guaranteed.

 - Chuck


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RE: redirection of www.xyz.com/xyz to https://xyz.com/xyz.html is not happening in httpd.conf

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Dhaval Jaiswal [mailto:dhaval.jais...@via.com] 
> Subject: redirection of www.xyz.com/xyz to https://xyz.com/xyz.html is not 
> happening in httpd.conf

> i have tried through Redirect option to redirect specific page to one *.html

> it is not redirecting. Still it is redirecting to old values only.

> Even i have tried through Rewriterule.

This is the Tomcat mailing list; perhaps you want the one for httpd.  Before 
posting on that list, you might want to read this first:

http://www.catb.org/~esr/faqs/smart-questions.html

and then provide specifics rather than vague ramblings.

 - Chuck


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Re: jvmRoute with multiple AJP Connectors for one Engine

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Bob Myers 
> Re: jvmRoute with multiple AJP Connectors for one Engine

Don't top post - it's really annoying, and makes it extremely difficult to 
follow the points of a conversation.

> > >  > > protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="443" />  > > executor="tomcatThreadPool" port="8019" protocol="AJP/1.3" 
> > > scheme="https" secure="true" />

> > Why bother?

> What do you mean, why bother?

Because the AJP  automatically sets the scheme and secure attributes 
when the original request is via SSL.  Consequently, you don't need a separate 
 just for that.

 - Chuck


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RE: Does maxPostSize has an effect on file upload?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: Does maxPostSize has an effect on file upload?

> > > Does a file upload as multipart/form-data not count to the size
> > > of the POST?

> > No, as the doc make clear.

> I'm not so sure the docs make it clear.

I think you have to read the relevant RFC:
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc1867.txt
which is implicitly part of the doc.

 - Chuck


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RE: JMX with Listener

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: JMX with Listener

> > Now for my problems or questions: - Apparently, the Jmx listener
> > listens on 0.0.0.0 (confirmed by a netstat) on the two ports
> > configured for the listener, is it normal ? I thought that
> > useLocalPorts would restrain the listening only to 127.0.0.1.

> useLocalePorts /should/ force 127.0.0.1 (actually "localhost"...
> whatever that resolves to on your server).

Which brings up the point that the hosts file might have an incorrect entry for 
"localhost" - that needs to be checked as well.

 - Chuck


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RE: I can only access Tomcat 7 when running via console (startup.bat)

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: André Warnier [mailto:a...@ice-sa.com] 
> Subject: Re: I can only access Tomcat 7 when running via console (startup.bat)

> If it was a firewall issue or similar, we'd have the same.

Not necessarily.

> Some weird MS security rule, applying to services but not to regular 
> processes ?

Some protection mechanisms (not just MS) only allow specific, registered 
processes to use the NIC.  If that were in place, it's quite possible that 
"java.exe" is registered, but "Tomcat7.exe" is not.  127.0.0.1 does not use the 
NIC, so this might explain why the service is unreachable from outside the box.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 6.0 CLASSPATH query

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Mark Eggers [mailto:its_toas...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 6.0 CLASSPATH query

> > Another option is to use a VirtualClassLoader and add some random path
> > (/etc/myawesomewebapps/) to it in all webapps.

> That's only available in Tomcat 7, yes?

Presumably, Chris was referring to VirtualWebappLoader, which has been 
available in Tomcat for ages.  However, it wasn't properly documented until 
Tomcat 7.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat users

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Raf Roger [mailto:raf.n...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Fwd: Tomcat users

> Where can i find a very good documentation or tutorial/video about users
> and roles for tomcat 7.x ?

Step 1: read the servlet spec:
http://download.oracle.com/otndocs/jcp/servlet-3.0-fr-eval-oth-JSpec/
with emphasis on Chapter 13.

Step 2: read the Tomcat doc:
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/realm-howto.html

Step 3: look in the How To part of the FAQ for related topics:
http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo

Step 4: ask specific questions if the above doesn't answer them

 - Chuck


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RE: Z/OS CICS Support

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Shaik Jani - Cincinnati-AMIG [mailto:jsh...@amig.com] 
> Subject: RE: Z/OS CICS Support

> What I meant was can we access mainframe resources in Tomcat?

It's not Tomcat that accesses any external resources, it's your webapps running 
under Tomcat.  If CICS provides Java-based classes to do so, your webapps can 
use them.

 - Chuck


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RE: [OT] Recognizing certificate removal (SmartCard)

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: André Warnier [mailto:a...@ice-sa.com] 
> Subject: Re: [OT] Recognizing certificate removal (SmartCard)

> > Too late (at least in the US); you just made it public...

> Shuks. Ok then, I'll have to be satisfied with the glory.

The US patent law has changed (but may not go into effect until next year; not 
sure about the timing) so that credit is given to first-to-file, rather than 
first-to-invent, regardless of public disclosure.  So, you may still have 
time...

 - Chuck


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RE: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: RE: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

Reply to the list, not to individuals.

> Not sure what you mean by Top Post.

http://ck.wikia.com/wiki/TopPosting
http://mailformat.dan.info/quoting/top-posting.html
 
> I only have one host. So someone pointed me to that sorry if I 
> mentioned it.

You only mentioned , not , previously.

 - Chuck
 

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RE: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: RE: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

Don't top-post.

> Ok I found a "Engine" reference in the server.xml for the catalina 
> service. I am guessing that the attribute should go in there somewhere.
> I will look at the engine documentation to see how to add it.

I gave you the direct links to the documentation... 

And it's unlikely you want the  one, unless you have multiple  
elements.  Even then, if you have multiple webapps for a , you want to 
set it there.

 - Chuck


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RE: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Suggestion for improving Tomcat startup performance...

> I am using Tomcat 7.0.33 and notice on Tomcat startup my web services 
> startup in series rather than parallel. If you do not have it you might
> want to have an option to startup apps in parallel or assign number of 
> threads that can startup in parallel.

Do you mean the startStopThreads attribute documented for  and ?

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/engine.html
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/host.html

 - Chuck


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RE: Re:Tomcat7.0-Setting property 'threadPriority' did not find a matching property

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: xueshengzj [mailto:xueshen...@163.com] 
> Subject: Re:Tomcat7.0-Setting property 'threadPriority' did not find a 
> matching property

> The thread priority for threads in the executor

The threadPriority attribute is also available for the  element, not 
just .

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat7.0-Setting property 'threadPriority' did not find a matching property

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Weixiang [mailto:kurt.weixi...@huawei.com] 
> Subject: Tomcat7.0-Setting property 'threadPriority' did not find a matching 
> property

> I config in my server.xml for a HTTP Connector named "MGMT":

> threadPriority="java.lang.Thread#Thread.MAX_PRIORITY"

The documentation may give the impression that you can set the value of the 
threadPriority attribute to a string referring to some static field, but that 
is not actually the case.  You must supply a numeric value here, which will 
normally be 10 for the maximum.  You can write a simple Java program to display 
the values of Thread.MIN_PRIORITY and Thread.MAX_PRIORITY, and choose a number 
within that range.

class ThreadPriority {
  static public void main(String args[]) throws Exception {
System.out.format("thread priorities: MIN %d, NORM %d, MAX %d%n",
  Thread.MIN_PRIORITY, Thread.MIN_PRIORITY, 
Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);
  }
}

The JDK 7 Javadoc includes a description for the priority values, but it 
doesn't appear to be completely accurate:
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/constant-values.html#java.lang.Thread.MAX_PRIORITY

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Leo Donahue - RDSA IT [mailto:leodona...@mail.maricopa.gov] 
> Subject: RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

> I considered the security constraint, but wouldn't that have required me 
> to set up SSL (for a secure user/password submittal) and get someone to 
> pay for a public certificate - which would probably not happen.

No, SSL is not required (that's called transport guarantee in the spec).  
However, not using it means that the credentials could be sniffed by anyone 
with access to the wire.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Leo Donahue - RDSA IT [mailto:leodona...@mail.maricopa.gov] 
> Subject: RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

> what were my options to restrict access to just a subdirectory of a 
> web app in Tomcat 6.0.35?

Using just spec-provided mechanisms, such access can be limited to specific 
users by including the appropriate security constraint elements in the webapp's 
WEB-INF/web.xml.  The wrinkle you want is to limit by IP address, which is not 
a capability the servlet spec covers.

> I'll admit, contexts are confusing to me.

The main thing to remember is that each webapp (context) is expected to be 
physically separate from all other webapps.  (This has nothing to do with the 
URLs used to access the webapps, just the location of the webapps in the 
server's file system, database, memory, paper tape, or whatever medium they're 
stored on.)

> What is the right way to do this in Tomcat 6.0.35?

Probably the easiest is just to pick up the filter from Tomcat 7 and use it in 
6.  The SecurityFilter from sourceforge might be able to do it, but I'm not 
sure (Chris should know).

 - Chuck


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RE: Error page messages

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Leo Donahue - RDSA IT [mailto:leodona...@mail.maricopa.gov] 
> Subject: RE: Error page messages

> I don't know of any public facing websites, off hand, that show uncaught 
> exception messages.

You need to get out more - there are tons of poorly implemented websites that 
will splatter stack traces to the browser, especially during those odd hours 
when something is out for backup, maintenance, etc.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: Context Path for a subdirectory

> I don't think it's specifically /un/supported.

> For instance, Tomcat should happily deploy both of these files:

> myapp.war
> myapp#static.war

That's not what's being discussed.  You're describing logically nested paths, 
which is fully supported; the topic under discussion is physical (file system) 
nesting of one webapp inside another.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Terence M. Bandoian [mailto:tere...@tmbsw.com] 
> Subject: Context Path for a subdirectory

> > A webapp can never be nested inside another, so what you're trying 
> > to do is nonsensical.

> I don't mean to be argumentative but, with Tomcat 6.0.29, I found that 
> static files from an images subdirectory of a web application were not 
> cached by Internet Explorer 7.  As a workaround, I created a context for 
> the images subdirectory and left it nested in the web application.  The 
> files from that directory were then cached by IE7.  The difference was 
> that the following response headers were included when there was no 
> separate context defined for the subdirectory:

> Pragma: No-cache
> Cache-Control: no-cache
> Expires: Wed, 31 Dec 1969 18:00:00 CST

> I realize this is a non-standard configuration but it worked with 6.0.29 
> and 6.0.35.

It may accidentally work in some versions, but it is in no way a supported 
configuration.

I think the effort would be better spent in figuring out how to control the 
headers properly rather than inventing something that is known to be contrary 
to the spec.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Leo Donahue - RDSA IT [mailto:leodona...@mail.maricopa.gov] 
> Subject: RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

> Why is denyStatus an option?  Why would someone use it?

Because some people still believe in security through obscurity.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context Path for a subdirectory

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Leo Donahue - RDSA IT [mailto:leodona...@mail.maricopa.gov] 
> Subject: Context Path for a subdirectory

> If I have a webapp, with a www directory, and in that www directory 
> are other directories, how would I restrict access to one of those 
> subdirectories to the localhost?

Probably your best bet is to use a filter for the webapp to which those 
subdirectories belong.

> Is the context path of directory1:  /webapp1/directory1

No, it's /webapp1/www/directory1.

> Would I create a context named directory1.xml such as the following?

Absolutely not.  A webapp can never be nested inside another, so what you're 
trying to do is nonsensical.

 - Chuck


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RE: Writing to response and issuing sendError

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Michael-O [mailto:1983-01...@gmx.net] 
> Subject: Writing to response and issuing sendError

> The exception is thrown out to the console but the response is still 
> written.

As it should be - it's already committed, and may well have been delivered.

> If I leave out the flush (which commits the response). The 
> error page comes up.

Also as it should be.

> Is this undefined behavior

No, it's operating as required by the spec.

 - Chuck


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RE: Shutdown.sh doesn't. At least not reliably. (7.0.25)

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: James Lampert [mailto:jam...@touchtonecorp.com] 
> Subject: Shutdown.sh doesn't. At least not reliably. (7.0.25)

> Or where I should look for indications of what it could be?

Can you take a thread dump of the Tomcat process after shutdown.sh has been 
used?
http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo#How_do_I_obtain_a_thread_dump_of_my_running_webapp_.3F

Can you try it on more recent Tomcat?

 - Chuck


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RE: Install - Tomcat Server on Mac OS X 10.8.2

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Naga Kishore Vankayala [mailto:vnagakish...@hotmail.com] 
> Subject: RE: Install - Tomcat Server on Mac OS X 10.8.2

> Do you have any information or document on how we start the 
> server on Mac. 

Read the RUNNING.txt file, then use the startup.sh script.

- Chuck


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RE: Install - Tomcat Server on Mac OS X 10.8.2

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Naga Kishore Vankayala [mailto:vnagakish...@hotmail.com] 
> Subject: Install - Tomcat Server on Mac OS X 10.8.2


> I searched for mac version of tomcat and could not find it.

Tomcat is pure Java, so it's platform agnostic.  The Windows versions are there 
to facilitate its installation as a service, using a Windows-specific service 
wrapper; no such considerations exist for other platforms.

> Appreciate if any one can point me to a site where i can download 
> the server

http://tomcat.apache.org/download-70.cgi

Pick the .zip of .tar.gz version and have at it.

 - Chuck


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RE: session sharing in Tomcat v7.0

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: JB JUNG [mailto:itsjb.j...@samsung.com] 
> Subject: session sharing in Tomcat v7.0

> When I created 2 webapps in 1 host and I wanted to get these 2 webapps 
> to use 1 session.

This is specifically prohibited by the servlet spec (which you should read):

"7.3 Session Scope

"HttpSession objects must be scoped at the application (or servlet context) 
level. The underlying mechanism, such as the cookie used to establish the 
session, can be the same for different contexts, but the object referenced, 
including the attributes in that object, must never be shared between contexts 
by the container."

You need to provide your own mechanism to keep track of common data, outside of 
the session object.

 - Chuck


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RE: TC 7.0.33 startup performance...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: TC 7.0.33 startup performance...
 
> Is there some tuning I can try to improve the startup?

You can try playing with the startStopThreads attribute on :
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/host.html

If you have multiple  elements, you can do the same in :
http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/engine.html

 - Chuck


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RE: How do I know if native plugin in use?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: How do I know if native plugin in use?
 
> I downloaded and installed TC 7.0.33 64-bit and was wondering how do 
> I know the native plugin is being used?

Rather depends on what you mean by "native plugin".  If you're referring to the 
APR connector, look in the logs, in particular the catalina.*.log file.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Sekar, Vasanth [mailto:vasanth.se...@supervalu.com] 
> Subject: RE: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

> I am trying to disable the caching under work/catalina -> _jsp.java &
> _jsp.class by doing the following

That's not "caching"; that's where the translated and then compiled JSP are 
placed as a result of accessing the JSP the first time.

> In context added the following cachingAllowed = false parameter

Please read the description of the cachingAllowed attribute in the Tomcat docs; 
note that it applies to _static_ resources.

>docBase="test"
>   cachingAllowed="false">

Unless your  element is in server.xml (which it shouldn't be), the 
path attribute is not allowed - but this is not really relevant to your 
problem, just good practice.

> Deleted the work/catalina cache and restarted the tomcat server. Tired
> to access the app and _jsp.java & _jsp.class showed up again.

Which is how it should be.

All you've shown us so far is the HTML as seen by the browser, which is of only 
minor interest.  Pid asked to see the code (that would be the JSP code), which 
would be much more pertinent.  All evidence at the moment indicates that your 
JSP code is the most likely suspect.

And again, at least trying it on a current version would either confirm or 
eliminate the possibility that the problem has been fixed sometime in the past 
four years (if it is a Tomcat problem).

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: a b [mailto:jruoh...@gmail.com] On Behalf Of Jukka Ruohonen
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

> I am not too keen to see every other question on this list
> being turned into a question about upgrading.

There are two significant reasons for sites to stay up to date on server 
software such as Tomcat:

1) Critical security issues are published once the fix is available in a 
released version.  By refusing to upgrade, and making public the fact that your 
site is running an ancient version, one is sending out an invitation to 
hackers.  That's the irresponsibility part.

2) Tomcat support on this mailing list is done by unpaid volunteers.  I doubt 
that any of us have an interest in turning the clock back four years to 
experiment with a superseded version where the problem (especially 
ill-described ones, such as this) might well have been fixed somewhere along 
the way.  It would greatly benefit the OP if he at least tried to reproduce the 
problem on a current version.  If the problem is resolved, he would have 
considerable leverage to get management to approve a true upgrade; if the 
problem persists, then we now have something more pertinent to go on.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Sekar, Vasanth [mailto:vasanth.se...@supervalu.com] 
> Subject: RE: Tomcat 6.0.18 Caching Question

> That's the standard version that we have inside our environment for 
> Prod move at this point.

Your upgrade strategy is very seriously flawed.

> Tomcat 7.0.8 build is underway but not in our Prod environment yet.

So you're going to "upgrade" from a four-year-old version to one that's nearly 
two years old?  That is simply irresponsible.

 - Chuck 


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RE: Apache Tomcat upgrade from 6.0.20 to 6.0.36

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Pankaj Dahiya [mailto:pankaj_dah...@infosys.com] 
> Subject: RE: Apache Tomcat upgrade from 6.0.20 to 6.0.36

Don't top post.

> Saw some links on internet.

Why don't you use the proper documentation rather than search?  There's a link 
on the Tomcat home page:
http://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat with multiple domains

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Paul van Hoven [mailto:paul.van.ho...@googlemail.com] 
> Subject: Tomcat with multiple domains

> I found the following tutorial (very old) on the web:
> http://onjava.com/pub/a/onjava/2006/08/30/publishing-multiple-sites-using-single-tomcat.html

Probably best to completely ignore anything that old.

> I payed attention to the offical Tomcat documentation in regard of this:
> http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/virtual-hosting-howto.html

That's good to look at, as is this:
http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo#How_do_I_set_up_Tomcat_virtual_hosts_in_a_development_environment.3F

The steps apply to production as well as development.

> In my $CATALINA_HOME (which is /opt/apache-tomcat-7.0.32) I created
> the folder "my2ndDomain"

This is only speculation (too lazy to look at the code right now), but domain 
names are defined to be case-insensitive, and typically presented only in lower 
case.  What happens if you change my2ndDomain to my2nddomain everywhere?

> 

The above is really, really bad.  You shouldn't be putting  elements 
in server.xml, and besides, the contents of that one are gibberish.  What did 
you expect to achieve with it?  

 - Chuck


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RE: Need help to understand CVE-2007-0450

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Aditi Sinha [mailto:adisinha0...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Need help to understand CVE-2007-0450

> We have a web server hosted on Tomcat 7.0.22.

> The tool was able to access the Tomcat manager application with the
> following URL :
> http://localhost:8080/scripts/\../manager/html

> As per Tomcat security documents the issue is not present in Tomcat 7.

> Is there anything wrong in our web application deployment?

As documented here:
http://tomcat.apache.org/security-6.html#Fixed_in_Apache_Tomcat_6.0.10

there are two Java system properties that control behavior of Tomcat with 
regard to such URLs.  Make sure neither is enabled.

 - Chuck


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RE: Running two different version of tomcat on the same server

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Kent Cole [mailto:kc...@reservationsoftwareonline.com] 
> Subject: Running two different version of tomcat on the same server

> I am looking for instructions on how to run two different versions of 
> tomcat on the same Linux server.  Can anyone point me to instructions 
> on doing this?

Look in the RUNNING.txt file at the base of the standard Tomcat distribution.  
(If you're using a third-party repackaged version, you may have to hunt for it.)

If they are completely separate versions as opposed to two instances of the 
same Tomcat level, you'll need to install Tomcat in separate directories, using 
proper downloads from tomcat.apache.org, not third-party repackaged versions.  
Make sure you give each Tomcat instance separate IP addresses or ports in each 
conf/server.xml file.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context root query

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: vicky [mailto:vicky007aggar...@yahoo.co.in] 
> Subject: Re: Context root query


> My client has application archives files which all have version 
> string in it as stated below :-
> eg:- mom-1.2.0.war, mom-1.3.0.war,  mom-1.4.0.war,  mom-1.5.0.war

> So they doest want the version string mentioned in the application 
> archive to become part of application context.

> Do you have any better approach /suggestion for this requirement

Move to Tomcat 7, and use the parallel deployment capability:

http://tomcat.eu.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/context.html#Parallel_deployment

 - Chuck


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RE: Context root query

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: vicky [mailto:vicky007aggar...@yahoo.co.in] 
> Subject: Re: Context root query

> What sense does it make to statically defining a Context in server.xml ?? 

Pretty much none, these days.  Don't do it.

> we cannot override  the default  application context  using 
> "/META-INF/context.xml"  ??

The path attribute is not allowed, except when using the strongly discouraged 
mechanism of placing the  element in server.xml.

> As i have a user requirement that they want to have a application context 
> as different from application archive file name 

Your user has a nonsensical requirement.  If you can't get that changed, your 
best alternative is to keep the .war file completely outside of Tomcat's 
directory structure, and place a  element in the file 
conf/Catalina/[host]/[appName].xml, with a docBase attribute pointing the 
absolute location of the .war file.

> i can achieve this by adding the below snippet in server.xml

That is seriously not recommended.  Use the approach outlined above instead.

>  debug="0" reloadable="true" crossContext="false">
> 

On a side note, did you see any debug attribute in the documentation for the 
 element?  Since you didn't, why are you using it?

 - Chuck


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RE: Context root query

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: vicky [mailto:vicky007aggar...@yahoo.co.in] 
> Subject: Re: Context root query

> i located the snippet(mentioned below) in which its written
> that we can define application context in context.xml.

> **
> Individual Context elements may be explicitly defined: 
> In an individual file at /META-INF/context.xml inside the application files.
> Optionally (based on the Host's copyXML attribute) this may be copied to 
> $CATALINA_BASE/conf/[enginename]/[hostname]/ and renamed to application's base
> file name plus a ".xml" extension. 
> **

And you completely ignored this wording in the description of the path element:

"This attribute must only be used when statically defining a Context in 
server.xml. In all other circumstances, the path will be inferred from the 
filenames used for either the .xml context file or the docBase."

 - Chuck


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RE: Context root query

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: vicky007aggar...@yahoo.co.in [mailto:vicky007aggar...@yahoo.co.in] 
> Subject: Re: Context root query

> Please suggest how i can override the context root of an application using 
> META-INF/context.xml

You cannot.  Please actually read the documentation everyone has been pointing 
you to.

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/context.html#Defining_a_context

 - Chuck


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RE: multiple tomcat instances for every application

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Ashkan Rahmani [mailto:ashkan...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: multiple tomcat instances for every application

> do you know what is  -Xshare:off ?
> is it related to share classes?

http://lmgtfy.com/?q=%22-Xshare%3Aoff%22

> King Regards,

Didn't realize we were dealing with royalty...

 - Chuck


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RE: multiple tomcat instances for every application

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: multiple tomcat instances for every application

> Most JVMs use shared memory for some things like core classes, etc.

Unfortunately, I don't think that's true, at least for the Sun/Oracle JVMs - 
only the client JVM uses shared classes, the server JVM does not.

 - Chuck


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RE: My app stop respoding after 3 to 5 days in my Redhat server

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Daniel Mikusa [mailto:dmik...@vmware.com] 
> Subject: Re: My app stop respoding after 3 to 5 days in my Redhat server

> > I wanted to know whether is there any configuration issue in my tomcat,
> > because of more request coming from the client machine it is stop working?

> Take some thread dumps when the application is no longer responding.
> https://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo#How_do_I_obtain_a_thread_dump_of_my_running_webapp_.3F

I would also recommend enabling GC logging or monitoring via JMX, since the 
symptoms are typical of heap exhaustion.  For simplicity's sake, setting 
-verbose:gc is likely the easiest thing to do for those unfamiliar with Java.  
This link provides a reasonable description of how:

http://freddyandersen.wordpress.com/2009/07/14/how-to-enable-verbose-gc-in-tomcat/

JMX monitoring via VisualVM or JConsole will also provide a lot of information 
in a more palatable format, but can be trickier to set up.

 - Chuck


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RE: Handling requests when under load - ACCEPT and RST vs non-ACCEPT

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: selvakumar netaji [mailto:vvekselva...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: Handling requests when under load - ACCEPT and RST vs non-ACCEPT

> I'm new to this mailing list. I read the above mail list and not able to
> grasp the concepts like load balancing, keep alive. Can you please give me
> links where I can find links about it.

http://lmgtfy.com/?q=load+balancing
http://lmgtfy.com/?q=keep+alive

 - Chuck


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RE: Windows Server 2003 - Apache Tomcat 6.0.14 is shutting down 5 seconds after started

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Camilo Diaz [mailto:k.dia...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: Windows Server 2003 - Apache Tomcat 6.0.14 is shutting down 5 
> seconds after started

> When I use the the startup.bat command

> When it finished all seems to be normal and I am able to see 
> tomcat.exe in the task manager processes list.

Something's very wrong in what you're doing; if Tomcat is initiated by 
startup.bat, it does not use tomcat.exe; you will instead see java.exe in the 
process list.  The tomcat.exe program is used only when Tomcat is running as a 
service. You can't run Tomcat as both as service and from a batch script at the 
same time, using the same server.xml.  

Also, as Pid noted, you really, really, really need to upgrade your 
environment.  It is irresponsible to be using a Tomcat version that's over five 
years old.

You best course of action may well be to deinstall all copies of Tomcat that 
you have, download a current one, and install that.

 - Chuck


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RE: rotation of catalina.out on restart but no truncation

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Meik Suchlich [mailto:meik.suchl...@brandad-systems.de] 
> Subject: AW: rotation of catalina.out on restart but no truncation

> catalina.out is rotated by restart to catalina.-mm-dd.log, but 
> catalina.out 
> itself contains the entries of the rotated log.

> I only want to know, how we can prevent this

To reiterate: whatever script is doing the rotation is *not* part of the 
standard Tomcat distribution.  It likely is part of the Debian mangling of 
Tomcat into Debian-specific packages.  You'll need to find the script and 
adjust it to meet your needs.

 - Chuck


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RE: App Initialization Order In Tomcat

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Jose H. Martinez [mailto:josehmartin...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: App Initialization Order In Tomcat

> > Make the web service war filename be alphabetically before the second
> > application war fileEg alpha.war is the web service and beta.war is
> > the dependant application.

> This is indeed an interesting solution 

Not really - it's completely bogus.  By definition (the servlet spec), webapps 
are independent of each other, so there can be no defined startup order.  The 
order of initialization is not guaranteed, since it depends on factors outside 
of Tomcat's control, such as the order items are encountered in the directories 
in server's file system.

The proper way to handle this is to use lazy initialization, so that the 
invocation of the web service by the primary app happens only when the first 
request arrives, not during initialization of the primary.

Although not intended for this purpose, the startStopThreads attribute of the 
 element can be used to work around such poor application design, by 
using separate threads for each webapp.  Look here for details:

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/host.html

 - Chuck


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RE: AW: AW: AW: AW: AW: tomcat 6.0.32 stops expiring sessions

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Altmeier, Christian [mailto:christian.altme...@softwareag.com] 
> Subject: AW: AW: AW: AW: AW: AW: tomcat 6.0.32 stops expiring sessions

> do you have a guideline how to get the thread dump?

It's in the FAQ:

http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/HowTo#How_do_I_obtain_a_thread_dump_of_my_running_webapp_.3F

 - Chuck


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RE: AW: AW: tomcat 6.0.32 stops expiring sessions

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Igor Cicimov [mailto:icici...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: AW: AW: tomcat 6.0.32 stops expiring sessions

> > > The default session timeout for ssl in tomcat6 is 24 hours, maybe
> > > that explains why.
> >
> > Uh, what?

> Hi Chris, I got this from the config page
> http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-6.0-doc/config/http.html
> where at the bottom under SSL support it says the default sessionTimeout 
> is 24 hours if not specified.

That's the SSL session, not the HTTP session.

 - Chuck


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RE: Rediect to another Tomcat instance...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Re: Rediect to another Tomcat instance...


> I have a blog app that I want to isolate to another Tomcat instance and 
> leave my web services on my exsting one. Can I not run the second Tomcat
> service on port 82 for example and redirect requests for my blog to the 
> second Tomcat running of port 82?

This is the most popular mechanism:

http://tuckey.org/urlrewrite/

You can install it as a filter in your default (ROOT) webapp, and it can 
redirect to wherever you want.

 - Chuck


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RE: Comma related bug in org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: André Warnier [mailto:a...@ice-sa.com] 
> Subject: Re: Comma related bug in org.apache.catalina.valves.RemoteIpValve

> We'll probably end up with something like "regex1","regex2",
> Or a single regex, with "|" between the alternatives (which could be a 
> workaround for you now, I guess).

I have a vague memory of a discussion on either the dev or users' list about 
simply removing the comma separation, and using just regex standard formats.  
As I recall, the final resolution was to remove the comma separation in Tomcat 
7, but keep it in 6 for compatibility - even if it is broken and not completely 
resolvable.  If you look at the RemoteIpValve doc for 7, you'll see there's no 
mention of comma-separated regexes.

The moral of the story: upgrade.

 - Chuck


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RE: PDF Download problem tomcat >= 7.0.27

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Johnny Six [mailto:johnny6che...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: PDF Download problem tomcat >= 7.0.27

> It looks like Tomcat7 is munging the content-type header.
> The correct response header should be:
>   Content-Type: multipart/byteranges; boundary=CATALINA_MIME_BOUNDARY   <<
> good
>   Content-Type: multipart/byteranges;boundary=CATALINA_MIME_BOUNDARY<<
> bad

> Where there needs to be a space after the ';' character.

No, there doesn't; read the HTTP spec.  There is a bug in the Adobe plugin for 
IE that fails to follow the specification, but Adobe is so far ignoring the 
problem.  Search the archives for a discussion.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 7 manager quirk?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Josh Gooding [mailto:josh.good...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Tomcat 7 manager quirk?

> Is there a way that I can get tomcat to NOT start auto-deploying
> immediately when the manager is invoked with a deploy / update command?

> When I run the command: curl -k --upload-file ROOT.war

The usual trick is to upload the file with a different extension, then rename 
it to .war - but that might be difficult if your only access is via curl.

 - Chuck


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RE: Max Threads - Worker Threads clarification

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: Max Threads - Worker Threads clarification

> It's a little more complicated than that, because a threaded Tomcat
> can have multiple connections per child process.

One presumes you meant "httpd" rather than "Tomcat" in the above.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat forwarding example...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Jeff [mailto:predato...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Tomcat forwarding example...

> So instead we are moving to supporting multiple versions/endpoints 
> within the same WAR.

That sounds like a rather shaky proposition.

> However, during the transition, this causes the actual service URL 
> to change since the WAR/Project name is changing from a version-
> specific name to a more generic one (see sample below).

If you would consider moving up to Tomcat 7, you might want to see if parallel 
deployment would fit your needs better.

http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/config/context.html#Parallel_deployment

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 7 Java options format on Windows

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 7 Java options format on Windows

> AFAIK, Java command-line options are the same on all platforms except
> that file paths (not URLs!) on win32 systems generally use backslashes
> instead of regular slashes.

But, just to keep it interesting, Windows boxes _can_ use forward slashes in 
Java command-line parameters.

 - Chuck


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RE: Thread related MBean questions

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Wiley, Maxie [mailto:maxie.wi...@serco-na.com] 
> Subject: RE: Thread related MBean questions

> All,

Don't hijack threads.  Start a completely new thread for a new topic.

 - Chuck

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RE: Restricting certain ports to certain contexts?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: James Lampert [mailto:jam...@touchtonecorp.com] 
> Subject: Restricting certain ports to certain contexts?

> A Tomcat server with a number of contexts.

> One of those contexts should be available unsecured on port 8080.

> The others should only be available secured, on port 443.

> Is there a way we can restrict 8080 to the one unsecured context?

Read the servlet spec, chapter 13 (the 3.0 version is, unfortunately, harder to 
comprehend than the earlier versions).  Put the following in the 
WEB-INF/web.xml of the webapps you wish to restrict to HTTPS:


  CONFIDENTIAL


It might be possible to add the above to just the global conf/web.xml file and 
then override the global setting for the one unsecured webapp by setting its 
 to NONE, but I haven't tried it.

 - Chuck


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RE: jasper production config parameters

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Anthony J. Biacco [mailto:abia...@formatdynamics.com] 
> Subject: jasper production config parameters

> I would like to make the changes to my jasper config per
> http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-7.0-doc/jasper-howto.html#Production_Configuration

> My question is, am I required to do this in $CATALINA_BASE/conf/web.xml
> or can I make the change in ${webapp.path}/WEB-INF/web.xml?

Note the comments at the beginning of conf/web.xml:

  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  

If your goal is to put the JSPs of all of your webapps into production mode 
(quite reasonable), then change conf/web.xml.  If you want to experiment with 
just one webapp, add all the config related to the JSP servlet to that webapp's 
WEB-INF/web.xml file.

 - Chuck


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RE: high CPU usage on tomcat 7

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Kirill Kireyev [mailto:kir...@instagrok.com] 
> Subject: Re: high CPU usage on tomcat 7

> Perhaps what I need is to have the JVM do garbage collections more 
> frequently, so that they don't become a huge CPU-hogging ordeals 
> when they do happen.

That's not how it works.  The amount of time spent in a GC operation is 
dependent almost entirely on the number of live objects in the heap, not the 
amount of space being reclaimed.  Having a smaller heap might improve your 
cache hit rate, but it will have little effect on the time used by GC.

It is highly likely that your webapps have a memory leak.  You need to use a 
profiler and find out what's eating up all that memory.  If you set the heap 
size to a smaller value, you should be able to provoke the situation earlier, 
but it certainly won't fix it.

 - Chuck 


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RE: Question on Contexts and resource pathing

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Jeffrey Janner [mailto:jeffrey.jan...@polydyne.com] 
> Subject: RE: Question on Contexts and resource pathing

> > Remember that relative links are based on the web page the links are
> > accessed from, not to the base of the webapp.  You need to use a
> > leading slash to base them on the webapp.

> I think Chuck got his absolute vs. relative pathing confused a bit.
> A leading slash, "/default.css", is interpreted relative to the hostname 
> portion of the URL.

Correct; thanks for the clarification.

 - Chuck


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RE: Question on Contexts and resource pathing

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Josh Gooding [mailto:josh.good...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Question on Contexts and resource pathing

> when the application is zipped up and deployed out under 
> $CATALINA_HOME/webapps/ROOT

For clarification, do you mean deployed _as_ ROOT, or _under_ ROOT?  Webapps 
cannot be nested, so no webapp should be deployed _under_ another.

> I should be able to build the war to any name I want and still have all of
> the links work, even if they are referenced like:

>  NOT ~>  rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
> href="${pageContext.request.getContext}/default.css" /> or ../default.css

Remember that relative links are based on the web page the links are accessed 
from, not to the base of the webapp.  You need to use a leading slash to base 
them on the webapp.

 - Chuck


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RE: Problems Increassing -Xmx

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: joel badia escolà [mailto:basto...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Problems Increassing -Xmx

> if [ -z "$JAVA_OPTS" ]; then
>   JAVA_OPTS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -Xmx2000m" < RELEVANT
> fi

And what happens if you don't put quotation marks around the values?

> And i tried to modify /usr/share/tomcat6/bin/catalina.sh like this:

Don't do that; create a setenv.sh script to hold any environment variables you 
need to set.

> it seems that tomcat ignores me

These are not Tomcat parameters, they are JVM system properties.

 - Chuck


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RE: Suggestions for obtaining mod_jk for Amazon EC2

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Christopher Schultz [mailto:ch...@christopherschultz.net] 
> Subject: Suggestions for obtaining mod_jk for Amazon EC2

> I'm trying to set up an Amazon EC2 instance as a proxying web server
> for Tomcat using mod_jk. I'm using Amazon's basic "Linux" 32-bit AMI
> which doesn't include much -- specifically, a compiler.

> Other than installing the GCC toolchain, compiling mod_jk and then
> removing the toolchain, does anyone have any other good ideas?

I thought you could cross-compile with gcc, targeting a 32-bit x86 
architecture.  (You certainly can with clang/LLVM, which I've been using for a 
couple of years.)

If all else fails, you could create a 32-bit Linux VM on one of your 64-bit 
systems and build mod_jk there.  Not much of an improvement...

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 6 serious issues on AIX 5.3

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: vincent.soo...@daimler.com [mailto:vincent.soo...@daimler.com] 
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 6 serious issues on AIX 5.3

> On machines with higher memory Tomcat does not crash but as I indicated we 
> get SocketException:
> [2012-09-25 12:13:35,700] ERROR com.*Action - System Error
> java.sql.SQLException: java.io.IOException: java.net.SocketException: 
> There is no process to read data written to a pipe.
> at com.ashna.jturbo.driver.x.e(x.java)

Which means Tomcat isn't in the game.  It appears the database server on the 
other end of the pipe has gotten bored and decided to stop listening.  You 
should consult the documentation for the jturbo driver to see if can be 
configured to be more resilient.  You may be able to configure Tomcat's DB 
connection pool to recover from this situation, assuming the DB server is still 
alive.  Post your DBCP configuration and let's see what can be done with it.

 - Chuck


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RE: Problem with hosting mulitple websites on single tomcat 7

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: chaudhariprade...@gmail.com [mailto:chaudhariprade...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Re: Problem with hosting mulitple websites on single tomcat 7

Don't top post.

> It goes to o.com

So much for the admonition to "be precise"...  What "it" are you talking about? 
 What client are you using?  Where is the client relative to the Tomcat server? 
 What are the answers to Konstantin's questions?

> Sent from BlackBerry(r) on Airtel

That explains a lot.

 - Chuck


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RE: Problem with hosting mulitple websites on single tomcat 7

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Pradeep [mailto:chaudhariprade...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: Fwd: Problem with hosting mulitple websites on single tomcat 7

>  
>  

> they both are pointing to o.com and not to their
> respective domains/webapp directories

What does the above statement mean?  Be precise.  What "they" are you referring 
to?  What do you mean by "pointing to"?  What actually happens when you send a 
request to http://a.com or http://b.com?

 - Chuck


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RE: Nondeterministic behaviour of security constraints in Tomcat 7

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: CASALINO, Matteo Maria [mailto:matteo.maria.casal...@sap.com] 
> Subject: Nondeterministic behaviour of security constraints in Tomcat 7

> The problem occurs for HTTP requests matching to the most specific URL 
> pattern (in the above example, /a/b, /a/b/c, etc.),

Please state where in the servlet spec that /a/b should be matched by /a/b/*. 
(If the request for /a/b were to be redirected to /a/b/, that would be 
matched.)  You might want to add /a/b as an explicit  to avoid 
having requests to that target being handled by the /a/* rule.

 - Chuck


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RE: %{xxx}t not working

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: John Byrne [mailto:john_by...@apple.com] 
> Subject: Re: %{xxx}t not working

> Even though I've downloaded 7.0.29

>From where?  Exactly what did you download?  What did you do after 
>downloading?  Be precise in your responses.

 - Chuck


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RE: tomcat sessions

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Elias Kopsiaftis [mailto:yemi...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: tomcat sessions

> I found this site:
> http://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-4.1-doc/config/manager.html

Unless you're using a horribly outdated and completely unsupported version of 
Tomcat, why on earth are you looking there?

Install a supported version of Tomcat, and read the doc appropriate for that 
level.

 - Chuck


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RE: tomcat shutdown clarification

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Davis, Chad [mailto:chad.da...@emc.com] 
> Subject: RE: tomcat shutdown clarification

> And how does the -force option affect this?  Will that kill the 
> JVM regardless . . .

Usually.  The -force option will invoke kill -9 on the Tomcat pid if Tomcat 
doesn't stop in the specified time, which defaults to five seconds, but may be 
specified as an argument to the shutdown.sh script.  If the pid can't be 
determined, -force has no effect.

> what factors impact how much time might pass before it's actually 
> dead?

Lots of things, including connections to other processes (e.g., database 
servers), flushing of unwritten buffers to disk, how busy the system is, etc.

 - Chuck 


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RE: tomcat shutdown clarification

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Davis, Chad [mailto:chad.da...@emc.com] 
> Subject: tomcat shutdown clarification

> When I use the shutdown.sh script to stop tomcat, what happens?

I am tempted to say "Magic."

> BUT the JVM won't go down if there are still other threads running

> Am I missing anything important?

Just one point: if the other threads are daemon threads, the JVM will stop.  
It's only unmanaged non-daemon threads that are a problem.

 - Chuck


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RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Dale Ogilvie [mailto:dale_ogil...@trimble.com] 
> Subject: RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl 
> cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

> The following class load output excerpt results when I request 
> a jsp from app1 (wtpwebapps/PromotionCodes/) after both app2 
> (wtpwebapps/OsirisTest) and app1 have been loaded in Tomcat startup. 

> [Loaded org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspApplicationContextImpl from 
> file:/C:/sandpit-28/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/
> tmp0/wtpwebapps/OsirisTest/WEB-INF/lib/jsp-2.1-6.1.14.jar]
> [Loaded org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl from 
> file:/C:/sandpit-28/.metadata/.plugins/org.eclipse.wst.server.core/
> tmp0/wtpwebapps/OsirisTest/WEB-INF/lib/jsp-2.1-6.1.14.jar]

The above shows the problem (along with several other classes loaded from that 
location).  Looks like you have some hard-coded links to the local file system 
buried inside the webapp's META-INF entries - making the .war file decidedly 
non-portable.  This doesn't explain why Tomcat isn't protecting itself from 
ill-mannered webapps, but it does indicate that your process for constructing 
webapps needs looking into.

 - Chuck


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RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Dale Ogilvie [mailto:dale_ogil...@trimble.com] 
> Subject: RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl 
> cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

> That says to me that app1 already has an instance of 
> org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl which it is 
> trying to cast to the tomcat version.

No, that's not what's going on.  A class extending the abstract class ELContext 
is typically supplied *only* by the servlet container, not by any webapp.  
Since you have included it in app2 (inadvertently or not), it has superseded 
the one included with Tomcat, which would normally be loaded with a shared 
classloader, as part of the Jasper environment.  When app1 is referenced later, 
Jasper encounters an error because its expected ELContextImpl can't be accessed.

> So your statement that "Tomcat prevents a class loaded in app2 from being 
> visible in app1" seems to be false.

Nope, that's exactly what's going on.  Your ELContextImpl class in app2 has 
disrupted Jasper being able to process expression language constructs in app1, 
as Mark stated.

What Tomcat might be able to do is prevent use of any webapp classes extending 
ELContext, but I haven't looked to see how hard that would be, or if the spec 
allows such a restriction.  The proper thing to do is not build a webapp that 
doesn't play well with others.

 - Chuck


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RE: [Tomcat 7] Why can't you use automatic deployment and exploded WAR when docBase is outside appBase?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Miguel Almeida [mailto:migueldealme...@gmail.com] 
> Subject: [Tomcat 7] Why can't you use automatic deployment 
> and exploded WAR when docBase is outside appBase?

> The motivation for this is a simple code ServletContext.getRealPath("/") 
> to create a simple temporary inputstream that works in Tomcat6 but doesn't 
> in Tomcat7 (because getRealPath("/") will return null).

And, if you check the servlet spec, getRealPath() is *never* guaranteed to 
work.  Your code should be using either getResourceAsStream() or looking at the 
javax.servlet.context.tempdir context attribute to find where it can create 
temporary files.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Rainer Frey [mailto:rainer.f...@inxmail.de] 
> Subject: Re: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

> On 28.07.2012, at 00:01, Caldarale, Charles R wrote:
> > You *must* have a webapp named ROOT - no exceptions.

> Excuse me, but where's that requirement coming from?

To quote from the Tomcat doc for :

"In addition, a Context must be present with a context path equal to a 
zero-length string. This Context becomes the default web application for this 
virtual host, and is used to process all requests that do not match any other 
Context's context path."

Failure to provide a default webapp results in undefined behavior, with some 
versions of Tomcat displaying only a blank page when a request cannot be mapped 
to any defined .

 - Chuck


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RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Dale Ogilvie [mailto:dale_ogil...@trimble.com] 
> Subject: RE: ClassCastException org.apache.jasper.runtime.ELContextImpl 
> cannot be cast to org.apache.jasper.el.ELContextImpl

> I thought the WEB-INF/lib directories for different applications were
> isolated from each other, but in this case it appears app1 is using a
> class from app2. This seems rather bad to me.

They are.  However, if you have classes in a shared classloader used by both 
webapps, and such a class is coded badly, references can leak from one webapp 
to another.

BTW, jcifs.http.NtlmHttpFilter hasn't been viable for some years (no 
possibility of supporting NTLMv2), so you might want to use something that 
actually works, such as waffle or Jespa.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: David Woosley [mailto:dwoos...@appnation.com] 
> Subject: Re: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

> Tomcat 5.5 deployment seems somewhat confusing to me.

It's the same in 5.5, 6.0, and 7.0, with more options available in 7.  
Basically, the rules to follow are:

1) Don't put  elements in server.xml.

2) Do not specify a path attribute in a  element.

3) Every  must have a default (ROOT) webapp.

4) The name of the .war file or directory under a 's appBase directory 
determines the URL path of the webapp, except that ROOT (case-sensitive) 
becomes the default webapp.  It is not required to have anything under the 
 appBase directory; see alternative below.

5) For webapps deployed under a 's appBase directory, do not specify a 
docBase attribute in any  element for them.

6) A  element in conf/Catalina//.xml will 
supersede the META-INF/context.xml file within the webapp.

7) For webapps not deployed under a 's appBase directory, create a 
conf/Catalina//.xml file containing a  element 
with a docBase attribute pointing to the absolute location of the webapp 
(directory or .war file).

Most (all?) of the books on Tomcat contain some errors or recommend outdated 
practices; use the online Tomcat docs.

> I will upgrade as soon as possible which, unfortunately, is easier 
> said than done.

Read the migration guide:
http://tomcat.apache.org/migration.html

> Do you offer consulting services for things like this?

Other than on this list, no; others on the list might.

 - Chuck


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RE: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: David Woosley [mailto:dwoos...@appnation.com] 
> Subject: Context variation problems -- localhost versus VPS

> Development localhost: Tomcat 5.5.9

7.3 years old.

> Production remote VPS: Tomcat 5.5.3

7.9 years old

You are in serious need of an upgrade.  It's probably pointless to even look at 
anything so ancient and that's had so many fixes applied to it in the 
intervening years.  5.5 is also nearing end-of-life, so move up - now.

> == DEVELOPMENT configuration (localhost)
> c:\hello\myapps\cat
>  META-INF
>  context.xml

The above context.xml file is probably being ignored.

> c:\hello\myapps\dog
>  META-INF
>  context.xml

The above context.xml file is also being ignored.

> The Tomcat configuration (no changes to server.xml) looks like this:
> tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/cat.xml
> tomcat/conf/Catalina/localhost/dog.xml

What's in those files?  Telling us file names doesn't say much.

> == PRODUCTION configuration (VPS)
> /fast/pets/cat
>  META-INF
>  context.xml

Likely ignored, as above.

> /slow/pets/dog
>  META-INF
>  context.xml

Again, ignored.

> And Tomcat, again no changes to server.xml:
> tomcat/conf/Catalina/cat.com/how_do_i_name_this_file.xml
> tomcat/conf/Catalina/dog.com/ditto_for_this_file_too.xml

What's in those files?  If you have no changes to server.xml, they are being 
ignored.

> Please note that I am not using any "webapps" or "ROOT" folders.

You *must* have a webapp named ROOT - no exceptions.

> How should the contexts be configured in each situation?

Depends on what you want to do - which you haven't told us.  For example, what 
URLs do you want the webapps to be accessed with?

> what are the "docbase" and "path" attributes for the Context 
> element(s)?

The path attribute is almost always illegal, and the docBase (not docbase - 
it's case sensitive, even on Windows) is valid only if the  element is 
in server.xml (not recommended) or conf/Catalina//.xml.

> Once I get Tomcat configured correctly in each environment, 
> is it necessary to have META-INF/context.xml at all?

Depends on what your requirements are.  This is probably useful, although it 
contains some tangential information:
http://wiki.apache.org/tomcat/TomcatDevelopmentVirtualHosts

You really, really, really need to upgrade, then work on the configuration.

 - Chuck


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RE: Happy Birthday, Chuck!

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Gregor S. [mailto:rc4...@googlemail.com] 
> Subject: Happy Birthday, Chuck!

> thanks again for your valuable comments on this list, and keep it up!

You're welcome, and thank you.

 - Chuck

RE: tomcat 7.0.29 build fails with dbcp target enabled; ok if disabled.

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: k9...@operamail.com [mailto:k9...@operamail.com] 
> Subject: tomcat 7.0.29 build fails with dbcp target enabled; ok if disabled.

> building Tomcat7 from src

Why?

> java version "1.7.0_b147-icedtea"

Tomcat 7 must be built with JDK 6 due to incompatibilities introduced by 
Sun/Oracle in JRE 7.  Once built, you may run Tomcat 7 under JRE/JDK 7.  Tomcat 
8 will be buildable with JDK 7.

 - Chuck


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RE: Project will not build

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Cotton, Joseph B [mailto:bcot...@dpscs.state.md.us] 
> Subject: RE: Project will not build

> Isnt /WEB-INF/lib a Tomcat folder?

Not really.  It's usage is defined in the servlet spec; the Tomcat doc avoids 
duplicating information from the spec, since that's required reading before 
embarking on a servlet project.

> Which leads to my other question, if I make a backup of the folders, 
> why didn't just copying the the folders back in  fix it?  There seems
> to be multiple places to configure...

Again, you're asking NetBeans questions, not Tomcat ones.  The IDEs often have 
ideas of their own about how to set up and configure a project, to the point 
that some of them completely ignore and override the configuration in the 
Tomcat .xml files.

 - Chuck


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RE: Minimum Java Version question

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: mike shugar [mailto:mikeshu...@hotmail.com] 
> Subject: Minimum Java Version question

> Looking at the versions table here - does "Minimum Java Version" 
> mean the lowest required version to run the Tomcat version

Yes.

> or does it mean the lowest version that can run on the Tomcat version?

That part of the question makes no sense.  The JVM, not Tomcat, runs Java code.

> So can Java 1.3 JARs run on Apache 7 as long Java 1.6 is also installed?

I'll assume that by "Java 1.3 JARs" you mean Java code compiled with a 1.3 JRE. 
 The answer, unfortunately, is maybe.  Sun/Oracle have changed some JRE and 
servlet APIs since 1.3 in an incompatible fashion, so code built on older 
levels may not be loadable by the JVM.  (Tomcat doesn't care, the JVM does.)

> If so, would you expect Java 1.3 to be able to run on all future 
> versions of Tomcat?

That's not up to Tomcat, but rather the JVM.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: k9...@operamail.com [mailto:k9...@operamail.com] 
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 
> 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

>   
> connectionTimeout="2"
>redirectPort="8443" />
> 

> > Have you installed APR?

> yes.

Let's try two things, one at a time.  First, turn off APR by setting the port 
8080 protocol to:
"org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"

Second (even if the above works), set the protocol back to the default and add 
address="0.0.0.0" and see what happens.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tim Watts [mailto:t...@cliftonfarm.org] 
> Subject: Re: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 
> 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

> Since you've told the OS to not allow IPv4 connections on IPv6 sockets,
> I believe you would need to configure a separate  on the same
> port for the IPv4 loopback address.

That shouldn't be necessary.  But since the OP hasn't told us what his 
 configuration is, we can only speculate.  An address setting of 
"0.0.0.0" in the sole  might be adequate.  Need real information.

 - Chuck


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RE: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: k9...@operamail.com [mailto:k9...@operamail.com] 
> Subject: Tomcat 7.0.27 listens only @IPv6 localhost, ignores 
> 'use IPv4' JAVA_OPTS in tomcat.conf. How to correctly force IPv4?

> I've installed
>   rpm -qa | grep -i ^tomcat
>   tomcat-lib-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-docs-webapp-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-javadoc-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-webapps-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-admin-webapps-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-servlet-3_0-api-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-el-2_2-api-7.0.27-7.1.noarch
>   tomcat-jsp-2_2-api-7.0.27-7.1.noarch

What happens if you install a real Tomcat from tomcat.apache.org, rather than a 
mangled 3rd-party version?

What do your  elements in your server.xml file look like?

Have you installed APR?

What's in the Tomcat logs (assuming you can even find them with a 3rd-party 
installation)?

BTW. it's not necessary to set both CATALINA_OPTS and JAVA_OPTS.  JAVA_OPTS is 
used for both Tomcat startup and shutdown, CATALINA_OPTS only for startup.

 - Chuck


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RE: Location of Tomcat 7 jvm defualt settings...

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Tony Anecito [mailto:adanec...@yahoo.com] 
> Subject: Location of Tomcat 7 jvm defualt settings...


> Does anyone know the location of the default jvm settings for Tomcat 7
> if the JAVA_OPTS env variable for windows is not specified?

There are none.  Tomcat uses whatever the JVM defaults are for your platform.
 
> Also, does anyone know what the recommended settings to start with 
> for say Oracle 64-bit jvm and Tomcat 7?

No such suggestions can possibly exist, since they are dependent on the 
behavior of the webapps running inside Tomcat, not Tomcat itself.
 
> Is there an updated document for Tomcat 7 performance tuning somewhere 
> especially for 64-bit jvm since that is quickly becoming the standard 
> for server side servlet containers.

No - for the same reason as above.  When necessary (and other than heap size, 
it rarely is), tuning has to be done for the webapps, not Tomcat.

 - Chuck


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RE: Calling Bootstrap.main from a Java program

[Caldarale, Charles R]

> From: Mike O'Leary [mailto:tmole...@uw.edu] 
> Subject: Calling Bootstrap.main from a Java program

> When I tried this running my Java program in Eclipse, the call 
> to Bootstrap.main(new String[]{"start"}) did not return.

The thread that calls Bootstrap.main() ends up waiting for input on the 
shutdown port - which a thread dump would easily show you.

> running startup.bat in a command prompt window gets Tomcat 
> running and then returns to a command prompt.

You appear to have missed that startup.bat kicks off catalina.bat in a separate 
process.

> Is there a way to call Bootstrap.main(new String[]{"start"}) 
> in an application's main thread so that it returns and Tomcat
> continues running?

You shouldn't really be doing it that way, but disabling the shutdown port in 
your server.xml might work.  

> What is the best way to start and stop Tomcat programmatically from
> a Java application? If it is better to do it using a different class,
> such as Tomcat or Embedded, could someone point me to information 
> about how to do that?

Use the Tomcat class; Embedded is deprecated.  Read the Javadoc for 
org.apache.catalina.startup.Tomcat.  You could also try launching Tomcat in a 
separate process, rather than inside the JVM you're already using.

> I tried using the Tomcat class recently and I couldn't get it to 
> work either.

Can't provide help without specifics.

 - Chuck


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