Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
*...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? * Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton *“The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud.” * But your confusion is on-target. The spin of the polariton might well come from the dipole that makes it up. Electrons emit and adsorbed photons all the time and they still have ½ spin. But your confusion has inspired burgeoning confusion on my part because the article says that coupling times increases the probability of BEC formation. The article says “*While strong optical coupling in the single-quantum limit provides tremendous possibilities for quantum information processing through quantum electrodynamic effects, (4, 5) it is through the use of strong optical coupling in many particle systems that phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state (6, 7) and low-threshold polariton lasing and light emission (8, 9) have been discovered.”* Also *“Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters (22) allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons,”* In quantum electrodymanics (QED), coupling is another name for charge. In QED, the photon is the charge carrier. Also in this confusing statement, could they be saying that the charge of the polariton is greater than the electron? But in this paper it looks like the authors are using the term in another way related to photon coupling. I could be making bad inferences. The photon coupling decreases the mass of the polariton by a factor of 10,000. This could be the reason for the increase in BEC formation probability. Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it? I am learning this stuff also; I need to increase my proficiency in QED, because the devil is in the details. Enlightenment is welcome for all those who are kind enough to grant it. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 11:57 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Tue, 16 Apr 2013 20:39:24 -0400: Hi, [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
Axil, What happens to an electron that is in free space when it encounters a photon? One could easily imagine that it merely changes momentum and energy relative to our observation frame, but then you have to ask about the issue of time. So, what does a free space electron that absorbs a photon behave like as compared to a free space electron that has more energy than one at rest? Can you tell them apart by any measurement? Is there any reason to expect the now more energetic electron to radiate when it is moving at a greater, constant speed? Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Thu, Apr 18, 2013 3:14 am Subject: Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+ ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton “The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud.” But your confusion is on-target. The spin of the polariton might well come from the dipole that makes it up. Electrons emit and adsorbed photons all the time and they still have ½ spin. But your confusion has inspired burgeoning confusion on my part because the article says that coupling times increases the probability of BEC formation. The article says “While strong optical coupling in the single-quantum limit provides tremendous possibilities for quantum information processing through quantum electrodynamic effects, (4, 5) it is through the use of strong optical coupling in many particle systems that phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state (6, 7) and low-threshold polariton lasing and light emission (8, 9) have been discovered.” Also “Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters (22) allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons,” In quantum electrodymanics (QED), coupling is another name for charge. In QED, the photon is the charge carrier. Also in this confusing statement, could they be saying that the charge of the polariton is greater than the electron? But in this paper it looks like the authors are using the term in another way related to photon coupling. I could be making bad inferences. The photon coupling decreases the mass of the polariton by a factor of 10,000. This could be the reason for the increase in BEC formation probability. Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it? I am learning this stuff also; I need to increase my proficiency in QED, because the devil is in the details. Enlightenment is welcome for all those who are kind enough to grant it. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 11:57 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Tue, 16 Apr 2013 20:39:24 -0400: Hi, [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
*“What happens to an electron that is in free space when it encounters a photon?”* From QED, this type of ordinary electron has a probability of absorbing the photon and then reemitting it. This happens all the time when plane old electrons orbit the nucleus when an electron jumps between orbital shells of an atom. These ordinary electrons do gain and lose energy in quanta. But the formation of polaritons is a different animal. The nanoantenna forces the light photon and electron together using resonance for a very long time (10 to 20 picoseconds). This marriage between an electron an infrared photon gives the photon of light some mass and most importantly for LENR electric charge. In this mating, the Photon cools the electron down by a huge factor by reducing its energy. Based on the wavelength of the photon, an infrared photon can cool and electron down by a factor of 100,000 or more. The polariton comes out of the marriage with the electron with a temperature of 2 meV or 2 mille-electron volts. This is very cold. That puts the temperature of the polariton very close to absolute zero (Temperature 1 Kelven). At this very low temperature, Bose-Einstein condensation happens at the drop of a hat. After the electron marriage, because the polariton has inherited spin of 1 from the photon, there is no limit to how many polaritons can be packed together in a small volume because the Pauli Exclusion Principle is no longer relevant. If you wanted to build the ideal charged particle to concentrate charge for coulomb screening, and to thermalize nuclear radiation that result, you could not build a better particle than a polariton. On Thu, Apr 18, 2013 at 10:51 AM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: Axil, What happens to an electron that is in free space when it encounters a photon? One could easily imagine that it merely changes momentum and energy relative to our observation frame, but then you have to ask about the issue of time. So, what does a free space electron that absorbs a photon behave like as compared to a free space electron that has more energy than one at rest? Can you tell them apart by any measurement? Is there any reason to expect the now more energetic electron to radiate when it is moving at a greater, constant speed? Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Thu, Apr 18, 2013 3:14 am Subject: Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+ *...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? * Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton *“The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud.” * But your confusion is on-target. The spin of the polariton might well come from the dipole that makes it up. Electrons emit and adsorbed photons all the time and they still have ½ spin. But your confusion has inspired burgeoning confusion on my part because the article says that coupling times increases the probability of BEC formation. The article says “*While strong optical coupling in the single-quantum limit provides tremendous possibilities for quantum information processing through quantum electrodynamic effects, (4, 5) it is through the use of strong optical coupling in many particle systems that phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state (6, 7) and low-threshold polariton lasing and light emission (8, 9) have been discovered.”* Also *“Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters (22) allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons,”* In quantum electrodymanics (QED), coupling is another name for charge. In QED, the photon is the charge carrier. Also in this confusing statement, could they be saying that the charge of the polariton is greater than the electron? But in this paper it looks like the authors are using the term in another way related to photon coupling. I could be making bad inferences. The photon coupling decreases the mass of the polariton by a factor of 10,000. This could be the reason for the increase in BEC formation probability. Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it? I am learning this stuff also; I need to increase my proficiency in QED, because the devil is in the details. Enlightenment is welcome for all those who are kind enough to grant it. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 11:57 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
*Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it?* Under the rules of QED, charge cannot be created or destroyed. So it is impossible. Cheers:Axil On Thu, Apr 18, 2013 at 3:14 AM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: *...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? * Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton *“The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud.” * But your confusion is on-target. The spin of the polariton might well come from the dipole that makes it up. Electrons emit and adsorbed photons all the time and they still have ½ spin. But your confusion has inspired burgeoning confusion on my part because the article says that coupling times increases the probability of BEC formation. The article says “*While strong optical coupling in the single-quantum limit provides tremendous possibilities for quantum information processing through quantum electrodynamic effects, (4, 5) it is through the use of strong optical coupling in many particle systems that phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state (6, 7) and low-threshold polariton lasing and light emission (8, 9) have been discovered.”* Also *“Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters (22) allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons,”* In quantum electrodymanics (QED), coupling is another name for charge. In QED, the photon is the charge carrier. Also in this confusing statement, could they be saying that the charge of the polariton is greater than the electron? But in this paper it looks like the authors are using the term in another way related to photon coupling. I could be making bad inferences. The photon coupling decreases the mass of the polariton by a factor of 10,000. This could be the reason for the increase in BEC formation probability. Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it? I am learning this stuff also; I need to increase my proficiency in QED, because the devil is in the details. Enlightenment is welcome for all those who are kind enough to grant it. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 11:57 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Tue, 16 Apr 2013 20:39:24 -0400: Hi, [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Thu, 18 Apr 2013 03:14:19 -0400: Hi, [snip] *...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? * Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton *The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud. This is an electron + phonons (not a photon). Perhaps the polariton may then later also couple with a photon, though you need to note that there are things called optical phonons, which are phonons at optical frequencies. Optical phonons may be responsible for some of the optical references. In short you need to read this stuff very carefully. * [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk [snip] Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
In reply to David Roberson's message of Thu, 18 Apr 2013 10:51:07 -0400 (EDT): Hi, [snip] Axil, What happens to an electron that is in free space when it encounters a photon? One could easily imagine that it merely changes momentum and energy relative to our observation frame, but then you have to ask about the issue of time. So, what does a free space electron that absorbs a photon That's easy. A free space electron can't (permanently) absorb a photon. It can however have Compton effect encounter with the photon. I.e. the photon loses some of its energy to the electron (and changes in frequency as a result), and also exchanges some momentum with the electron. behave like as compared to a free space electron that has more energy than one at rest? Can you tell them apart by any measurement? Is there any reason to expect the now more energetic electron to radiate when it is moving at a greater, constant speed? Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Thu, Apr 18, 2013 3:14 am Subject: Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+ ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud. But your confusion is on-target. The spin of the polariton might well come from the dipole that makes it up. Electrons emit and adsorbed photons all the time and they still have ½ spin. But your confusion has inspired burgeoning confusion on my part because the article says that coupling times increases the probability of BEC formation. The article says While strong optical coupling in the single-quantum limit provides tremendous possibilities for quantum information processing through quantum electrodynamic effects, (4, 5) it is through the use of strong optical coupling in many particle systems that phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation in the solid-state (6, 7) and low-threshold polariton lasing and light emission (8, 9) have been discovered. Also Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters (22) allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons, In quantum electrodymanics (QED), coupling is another name for charge. In QED, the photon is the charge carrier. Also in this confusing statement, could they be saying that the charge of the polariton is greater than the electron? But in this paper it looks like the authors are using the term in another way related to photon coupling. I could be making bad inferences. The photon coupling decreases the mass of the polariton by a factor of 10,000. This could be the reason for the increase in BEC formation probability. Charge of the polariton cannot be 16 times more powerful in a polariton than in an electron; Can it? I am learning this stuff also; I need to increase my proficiency in QED, because the devil is in the details. Enlightenment is welcome for all those who are kind enough to grant it. Cheers: Axil On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 11:57 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Tue, 16 Apr 2013 20:39:24 -0400: Hi, [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Thu, 18 Apr 2013 14:02:56 -0400: Hi, [snip] *What happens to an electron that is in free space when it encounters a photon?* From QED, this type of ordinary electron has a probability of absorbing the photon and then reemitting it. This happens all the time when plane old electrons orbit the nucleus when an electron jumps between orbital shells of an atom. This is not a free electron. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
Let’s go over this Nanoplasmonic process in a little more detail. The formation of the polariton is a multi-part process which involves both phonons and photons as follows: First, the Exciton is formed as follows: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exciton The electrons on the surface of the metal particles move freely and are driven to vibrate by the phonons of the lattice. These electrons are periodically displaced from the ions of the lattice. This displacement causes electrons and ions to be accumulated on the surfaces at opposite ends of the particles. Because these particles attract each other there is a restoring force. This restoring force results in the formation of an electron oscillator whose quantum is called a surface plasmon and whose frequency is determined by the restoring force. This frequency reflects the effective mass of the electron. The frequency of the surface plasmon not only depends on the metals composition of the particle but also on its size and shape, on the dielectric material that surrounds the particle, and finally on the shape of the particle be it either elongated or spherical because of the varied distance between the two opposite ends. The surface plasmon is a localized oscillation of collective electron densities. The key innovation of the Ni/H reactor is that the reactor produces infrared photons through the actions of field emitters formed on the surface of the nanostructures which cover the surface of the micro-particles or by using photo active chemicals. No laser irradiation is required. This could well be why a chemical based thermal photonic or florescent additive must be added to convert phonons and/or electrons to photons. In this type of reactor, we know that there are lots of infrared photons around because the gamma rays from the LENR nuclear reactions are thermalized into the infrared. In a Ni/H reactor that uses spark discharge, the laser is replaced with a spark. Infrared photons can be produced by converting spark X-ray photons to infrared photons. Finally, the nanoantenna uses Fano resonance to combine the Exciton with the infrared photon to produce a polariton. Cheers: Axil On Thu, Apr 18, 2013 at 5:16 PM, mix...@bigpond.com wrote: In reply to Axil Axil's message of Thu, 18 Apr 2013 03:14:19 -0400: Hi, [snip] *...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? * Because that is what Wikipedia says. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polariton *“The polariton is a bosonic quasiparticle, and should not be confused with the polaron, a fermionic one, e.g. an electron plus attached phonon cloud.” This is an electron + phonons (not a photon). Perhaps the polariton may then later also couple with a photon, though you need to note that there are things called optical phonons, which are phonons at optical frequencies. Optical phonons may be responsible for some of the optical references. In short you need to read this stuff very carefully. * [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk [snip] Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
Thank you, the scientific story becomes more and more interesting. Peter On Wed, Apr 17, 2013 at 3:39 AM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: One of the key characteristics of the quantum world is that light and matter can combine. This quantum electrodynamics (QED) condition is central the transmission and reflection of light through a solid. A photon can be absorbed by an electron and then reemitted. The time that it takes for the electron to process a photon is called the capture time. The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. This enables the electron/photon pair to form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) because when the pair remains coupled the bosonic nature makes BEC’s possible. When paired, the photon also reduces the weight of the electron. This very low weight enables BEC formation at very high temperatures. Both the coupling time and strength can be substantially increased by engineering optimal nanostructures. One attempt at this engineering effort succeeded in increasing the coupling strength by 16 times over the bulk condition. From the referenced paper: “Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons, efficient light-emitting diodes and lasers,” Because one ev is translated to 10,000 K in temperature, this 200 meV value corresponds to a maximum BEC temperature of 2000K. Backup info for tis post can be found at phys.org/pdf227265287.pdf Lighten up: Polaritons with tunable photon-exciton coherence and One-dimensional polaritons with size-tunable and enhanced coupling strengths in semiconductor nanowires www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/05/23/1102212108.full.pdf or www.pnas.org/content/108/25/10050.full -- Dr. Peter Gluck Cluj, Romania http://egooutpeters.blogspot.com
Re: [Vo]:QED and LENR+
In reply to Axil Axil's message of Tue, 16 Apr 2013 20:39:24 -0400: Hi, [snip] The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. ...if an electron has spin 1/2 and a photon spin 1, then how does the combination end up with spin 1? Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
[Vo]:QED and LENR+
One of the key characteristics of the quantum world is that light and matter can combine. This quantum electrodynamics (QED) condition is central the transmission and reflection of light through a solid. A photon can be absorbed by an electron and then reemitted. The time that it takes for the electron to process a photon is called the capture time. The capture time of the photon is important to the LENR+ reaction because while the photon and electron are combined, the electron becomes a boson with spin of 1. This enables the electron/photon pair to form a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) because when the pair remains coupled the bosonic nature makes BEC’s possible. When paired, the photon also reduces the weight of the electron. This very low weight enables BEC formation at very high temperatures. Both the coupling time and strength can be substantially increased by engineering optimal nanostructures. One attempt at this engineering effort succeeded in increasing the coupling strength by 16 times over the bulk condition. From the referenced paper: “Additional surface passivation that preserves the polaritonic nature of the excitations at small nanowire diameters allows us to push the observed vacuum Rabi splitting to values of up to 200 meV in comparison to bulk values of 82 meV. These results provide new avenues to achieve very high coupling strengths (beyond bulk) potentially enabling application of exciting phenomena such as Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons, efficient light-emitting diodes and lasers,” Because one ev is translated to 10,000 K in temperature, this 200 meV value corresponds to a maximum BEC temperature of 2000K. Backup info for tis post can be found at phys.org/pdf227265287.pdf Lighten up: Polaritons with tunable photon-exciton coherence and One-dimensional polaritons with size-tunable and enhanced coupling strengths in semiconductor nanowires www.pnas.org/content/early/2011/05/23/1102212108.full.pdf or www.pnas.org/content/108/25/10050.full
