Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Looks to be not LENR and not hydrogen related. Similar thing happened with no fuel. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150319_082625_750.jpg On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 10:39 PM, torulf.gr...@bredband.net wrote: I played with termite and stuff like that then I was young. I ignited termite with gunpowder and it melted steel. On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 21:08:17 -0500, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: If it actually got hot enough to ignite the thermite, that might melt the alumina. I was thinking Bob said some time ago that it takes temps somewhere above 2000C to ignite thermite. I haven't done the calculations for that yet. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 8:16 PM, torulf.gr...@bredband.net wrote: Aluminium powder and Fe2O3 may give lots of heat in short time a termite reaction. Have you any calculations about how much energy this reaction may release? On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 18:26:24 -0400, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: Steady accumulation of energy followed by its rapid release can result in the delivery of a larger amount of instantaneous power over a shorter period of time (although the total energy is the same). Energy is typically stored within a circuit of the device. What happens is based on the circuit of the dimmer. By releasing the stored energy over a very short interval (a process that is called energy compression), a huge amount of peak power can be delivered to a load. For example, if one joule of energy is stored within a capacitor and then evenly released to a load over one second, the peak power delivered to the load would only be 1 watt. However, if all of the stored energy were released within one microsecond, the peak power would be one megawatt, a million times greater. If the current rise is fast enough, the wire does not have enough time to heat up, but the magnetic flux during the rise might be huge. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 6:09 PM, David L. Babcock olb...@gmail.com wrote: Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
I played with termite and stuff like that then I was young. I ignited termite with gunpowder and it melted steel. On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 21:08:17 -0500, Jack Cole wrote: If it actually got hot enough to ignite the thermite, that might melt the alumina. I was thinking Bob said some time ago that it takes temps somewhere above 2000C to ignite thermite. I haven't done the calculations for that yet. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 8:16 PM, wrote: Aluminium powder and Fe2O3 may give lots of heat in short time a termite reaction. Have you any calculations about how much energy this reaction may release? On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 18:26:24 -0400, Axil Axil wrote: Steady accumulation of energy followed by its rapid release can result in the delivery of a larger amount of instantaneous power over a shorter period of time (although the total energy is the same). Energy is typically stored within a circuit of the device. What happens is based on the circuit of the dimmer. By releasing the stored energy over a very short interval (a process that is called energy compression), a huge amount of peak power can be delivered to a load. For example, if one joule of energy is stored within a capacitor and then evenly released to a load over one second, the peak power delivered to the load would only be 1 watt. However, if all of the stored energy were released within one microsecond, the peak power would be one megawatt, a million times greater. If the current rise is fast enough, the wire does not have enough time to heat up, but the magnetic flux during the rise might be huge. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 6:09 PM, David L. Babcock wrote: Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I'm really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you've come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor's sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob FROM: Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com [6]] SENT: Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM TO: vortex-l@eskimo.com [7] SUBJECT: Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
It is possible that the LENR reaction was not carried inside the tube in the fuel, but in the alumina cement that covered the heater wire. The cement must have some residual water in it. Therefore, a sonoelectrochemistry based mechanism might be producing nanoparticles in this cement and these particles are the source of the reaction. If Jack runs the test without fuel and the reaction still occurs, then look to the cement as the LENR active element. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 3:12 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: Dear Jack, Congratulations. Anyone that has seen a meltdown, knows that LENR is real. Your use of a pulses current may be what caused the LENR reaction to fire up. Current pulses might be what the key is. The triac may be producing a periodic sharp current rise and an associated magnetic field axially along the length of the tube. This is what Brillouin does to excite their reaction. Why the heat of the reaction is generated on the outside of the fuel in the tube is new and mysterious. The use of a pulsed current may be what makes this experiment more productive than your others. Manipulation of the pulsed current may be the way to start and then control the reaction. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:58 PM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: There doesn't appear to have been any melting inside the tube. It's interesting that the fuel formed a small diameter cylinder. There was also a small amount of fine powder left in the cell. The fuel is shown in the picture (looks like a little stick). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_134300_957.jpg On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 11:39 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Taking another look, I'm not certain melting didn't happen in the tube. There is a color difference along the inner edge. The metal coating may obscure the alumina making it difficult to determine melting without a microscope. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meltedtubeinner.png Also note this picture. The color difference and ridge corresponds to where the resistance wire was on the outside of the cell. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/melted2.png On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 3:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com mailto:janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com mailto:vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:*Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com mailto:frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
The tube looks a little bent to me. Did the heat of melting come from the inside out or the outside in? On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 5:38 PM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: Taking another look, I'm not certain melting didn't happen in the tube. There is a color difference along the inner edge. The metal coating may obscure the alumina making it difficult to determine melting without a microscope. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meltedtubeinner.png Also note this picture. The color difference and ridge corresponds to where the resistance wire was on the outside of the cell. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/melted2.png On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 3:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Unknown. It would be hard to tell without more experiments. On Mar 17, 2015 4:43 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: The tube looks a little bent to me. Did the heat of melting come from the inside out or the outside in? On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 5:38 PM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: Taking another look, I'm not certain melting didn't happen in the tube. There is a color difference along the inner edge. The metal coating may obscure the alumina making it difficult to determine melting without a microscope. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meltedtubeinner.png Also note this picture. The color difference and ridge corresponds to where the resistance wire was on the outside of the cell. http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/melted2.png On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 3:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
There doesn't appear to have been any melting inside the tube. It's interesting that the fuel formed a small diameter cylinder. There was also a small amount of fine powder left in the cell. The fuel is shown in the picture (looks like a little stick). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_134300_957.jpg On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 11:39 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - From: Jack Cole To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM Subject: Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Aluminium powder and Fe2O3 may give lots of heat in short time a termite reaction. Have you any calculations about how much energy this reaction may release? On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 18:26:24 -0400, Axil Axil wrote: Steady accumulation of energy followed by its rapid release can result in the delivery of a larger amount of instantaneous power over a shorter period of time (although the total energy is the same). Energy is typically stored within a circuit of the device. What happens is based on the circuit of the dimmer. By releasing the stored energy over a very short interval (a process that is called energy compression), a huge amount of peak power can be delivered to a load. For example, if one joule of energy is stored within a capacitor and then evenly released to a load over one second, the peak power delivered to the load would only be 1 watt. However, if all of the stored energy were released within one microsecond, the peak power would be one megawatt, a million times greater. If the current rise is fast enough, the wire does not have enough time to heat up, but the magnetic flux during the rise might be huge. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 6:09 PM, David L. Babcock wrote: Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I'm really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you've come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor's sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob FROM: Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com [4]] SENT: Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM TO: vortex-l@eskimo.com [5] SUBJECT: Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
If it actually got hot enough to ignite the thermite, that might melt the alumina. I was thinking Bob said some time ago that it takes temps somewhere above 2000C to ignite thermite. I haven't done the calculations for that yet. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 8:16 PM, torulf.gr...@bredband.net wrote: Aluminium powder and Fe2O3 may give lots of heat in short time a termite reaction. Have you any calculations about how much energy this reaction may release? On Tue, 17 Mar 2015 18:26:24 -0400, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: Steady accumulation of energy followed by its rapid release can result in the delivery of a larger amount of instantaneous power over a shorter period of time (although the total energy is the same). Energy is typically stored within a circuit of the device. What happens is based on the circuit of the dimmer. By releasing the stored energy over a very short interval (a process that is called energy compression), a huge amount of peak power can be delivered to a load. For example, if one joule of energy is stored within a capacitor and then evenly released to a load over one second, the peak power delivered to the load would only be 1 watt. However, if all of the stored energy were released within one microsecond, the peak power would be one megawatt, a million times greater. If the current rise is fast enough, the wire does not have enough time to heat up, but the magnetic flux during the rise might be huge. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 6:09 PM, David L. Babcock olb...@gmail.com wrote: Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
The hydrogen combustion theory does not explain why the heat is restricted primarily to the outside of the tube. The adulterated tube material would have a lower melting temperature than the pure alumina powder covering. Hydrogen that is coming from inside the tube would melt the tube as well as the alumina power covering it. There is no localization of tube melting where the tube would be fractured. The tube as the origin of the hydrogen would have been exposed to a higher heat than the insolated covering. The alumina covering and the heater wire looks like it is totally melted and not subjected to the concentration of hot spot melting. View http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meltedtubeinner.png Hide https://disqus.com/embed/comments/?base=defaultversion=00daf4c88f8d70383290c91b5941dbc9f=ecwt_i=12464%20http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-catworld.com%2F%3Fp%3D12464t_u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-catworld.com%2F2015%2F03%2F17%2Fjack-cole-reports-reactor-meltdown-in-experiment%2Ft_e=Jack%20Cole%20Reports%20Reactor%20Meltdown%20in%20Experimentt_d=Jack%20Cole%20Reports%20Reactor%20Meltdown%20in%20Experimentt_t=Jack%20Cole%20Reports%20Reactor%20Meltdown%20in%20Experiments_o=descl=# [image: Thumbnail] http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/meltedtubeinner.png The mark on the inner surface of the tube looks like the alumna in contact with the heater wire was melted. Furthermore, the heater wire looks like it is melted along its entire length which means the wire was subjected to extreme heat equally applied along the entire length of the tube. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 10:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Steady accumulation of energy followed by its rapid release can result in the delivery of a larger amount of instantaneous power over a shorter period of time (although the total energy is the same). Energy is typically stored within a circuit of the device. What happens is based on the circuit of the dimmer. By releasing the stored energy over a very short interval (a process that is called energy compression), a huge amount of peak power can be delivered to a load. For example, if one joule of energy is stored within a capacitor and then evenly released to a load over one second, the peak power delivered to the load would only be 1 watt. However, if all of the stored energy were released within one microsecond, the peak power would be one megawatt, a million times greater. If the current rise is fast enough, the wire does not have enough time to heat up, but the magnetic flux during the rise might be huge. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 6:09 PM, David L. Babcock olb...@gmail.com wrote: Very sharp -just means that the power is applied nearly instantaneously. Not any more power, just whatever equals E2 /R. However the temperature gradient would indeed be higher, so the wire would expand sooner than the matrix around. If the matrix temperature rises and falls a lot during a small part of a line cycle, stress might get pretty high. But isn't the wire a near-zero expansion/temperature material? Ol' Bab -who was an engineer... On 3/17/2015 4:02 PM, Axil Axil wrote: In these triac light dimmers, the rise/fall times are very sharp maybe in the nanoseconds. That means that a lot of instantaneous power is being feed into the heater wire as the power pulse starts when the leading edge waveform is used. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:56 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: According to Jack, the reaction did not happen in the fuel, but in the insolating layer. The fuel composition does not matter. IMHP, what matters is the exact nature of the heater current. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 4:38 PM, Robert Ellefson vortex-h...@e2ke.com wrote: Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob *From:* Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside
RE: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Jack, Fantastic! I’m really stoked to hear of your progress. I think your powder recipe sounds very interesting, and I would love to know more about the details of the reactants. It sounds like you’ve come up with a mixture which may contain one or more key ingredients not yet identified as being of primary significance to the high-gain modes of these systems. If I may fire away: What size Fe2O3 and TiH2 grains were present? Is this mixture generally not hygroscopic, and therefore is curing the reactor’s sealant a simple matter as compared to LAH? Are you tumbling or milling these reactants, or performing any other notable processing steps, prior to putting them into the reactors? Thanks for sharing, and keep up the great work! -Bob From: Jack Cole [mailto:jcol...@gmail.com] Sent: Tuesday, March 17, 2015 1:08 PM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com mailto:frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - From: Jack Cole mailto:jcol...@gmail.com To: vortex-l@eskimo.com mailto:vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM Subject: Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com mailto:jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Dear Jack, Congratulations. Anyone that has seen a meltdown, knows that LENR is real. Your use of a pulses current may be what caused the LENR reaction to fire up. Current pulses might be what the key is. The triac may be producing a periodic sharp current rise and an associated magnetic field axially along the length of the tube. This is what Brillouin does to excite their reaction. Why the heat of the reaction is generated on the outside of the fuel in the tube is new and mysterious. The use of a pulsed current may be what makes this experiment more productive than your others. Manipulation of the pulsed current may be the way to start and then control the reaction. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:58 PM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: There doesn't appear to have been any melting inside the tube. It's interesting that the fuel formed a small diameter cylinder. There was also a small amount of fine powder left in the cell. The fuel is shown in the picture (looks like a little stick). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_134300_957.jpg On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 11:39 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
Bob, The input power was ~260W. I don't know what the R value of the insulation is. I had the cell surrounded by high purity alumina powder and covered with a thin sheet of ceramic insulation. I used standard 120V AC 60hz with a triac type dimmer switch (chops the waves starting at V=0). I'll have to check with the manufacturer to see what the remaining 5% of the tube is. The heating element was Kanthal A1. It's strange that the heating element was able to completely melt at points. In the past, it has always failed before melting. I was using INCO type 255 nickel, TiH2, LiOh, KOH, aluminum powder, and Fe2O3. Good idea on the small amount of fuel which should cause some localized melting. The fact that the fuel was a small diameter cylinder seems to suggest that it was fully expanded in the tube and shrunk down. Jack On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 2:02 PM, Bob Cook frobertc...@hotmail.com wrote: Jack-- It looks like you had a pretty good reaction. What was the input power? What is the R value of the insulation on the outside of the electric coils? What was the nature of the electrical input--frequency etc? And what is the electrical heating element material? If you have an acetylene torch, see if you can melt a piece of the tube that melted. The tube may have had glass fibers incorporated in order to improve strength. You indicated it was 95% pure. What was the other 5%? What was you fuel mixture? You may want to try a small fuel loading and see if the same intense reaction happens--all else the same. Try the test with a iron core instead of a fuel load and determine if there is an apparent magnetic field which would hold the iron core in position when direct current is applied to the heating coil. An alternating current would of course change the magnetic field and may make for null reaction conditions. Try 2 or 3 t/c's if you can--one inside and two outside to get a measure of the temperature gradient along the tube. Also another easy way to determine temperatures is the use of thermal sticks on accessible surfaces. Welders use these to determine preheating temperatures. They may provide a cheap temperature measure for you. Keep it shielded--good luck. Bob - Original Message - *From:* Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com *To:* vortex-l@eskimo.com *Sent:* Tuesday, March 17, 2015 9:39 AM *Subject:* Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
Re: [Vo]:melted alumina tube
To add a couple of more details. The agglomerated piece of material is extremely hard. I tried to break it off with pliers, but it seemed like it would take more force than to break the entire cell. The resistance wire is extremely difficult to separate from the cell. I plan to open the cell with a diamond blade later today to see if more can be learned about what took place (e.g., evidence of melting on the inside of tube). I was able to get one piece of the resistance wire pried from the tube. There were indentations in the cell. As a follow-up experiment, I need to run it without the fuel to the same power levels to see if the same effects occur. On Tue, Mar 17, 2015 at 9:42 AM, Jack Cole jcol...@gmail.com wrote: I had an interesting experiment yesterday. This was my first time using a triac to regulate input power and sealing the tube with a compression fitting. Unfortunately, my thermocouple failed. Take a look at the alumina tube and the evidence for melting. The furnace sealant which I coated it with completely melted and agglomerated to the bottom of the cell (also appears to be mixed with melted alumina). http://www.lenr-coldfusion.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/IMG_20150317_084823_361.jpg The tube was purchased from China and is purportedly 95% pure. It was supposed to have a continuous operating temperature of 1500C. Any opinions? Jack
