Ivan wrote:

> Perhaps, but this is not a simple ratio. As I noted at the time, your first
> reading above the base line results in a concentration of twice as much
> silver as actually ingested (assuming a 100% absorption), and your second
> reading, greater than three times the amount ingested, and you note that the
> concentration was still increasing. Your blood silver rise of 375% is
> meaningless without an accompanying determination of the relative increase
> across a range of concentrations which included instrument error, in other
> words, a calibration curve...which admittedly may have been difficult given
> the problems you were having.

The experiment report explained that the blood cells (red & white) and the 
high sodium caused the silver reading on the AA to be unusually high. This is 
because the AA used did not have a background correction system needed to 
compensate for such measurements.

However, the AA was calibrated using standard silver solutions so that minus 
the blood cells and high sodium the silver concentration would be accurate. 
All of the silver readings were within the linear calibration range of the AA.

Because the concentration of blood cells and sodium were uniform among the 
blood samples, any effect of raising the apparent silver reading would effect 
all the sample measurements in a uniform fashion. This would have the effect 
of making the absolute reading of silver higher than normal, but would not 
effect the relative value of the readings. By normalizing the reading we have 
expressed the results in a ratiometric (relative) fashion rather than using 
the absolute values. This simple makes the results "relative", meaning that 
sample two is x percent higher/lower relative to sample one. Because the 
background nature of the blood cells, etc. has the same effect on all reading, 
the effect essentially is cancelled out by normalization. So, yes it is a 
simple ratio.

This is a standard scientific procedure and in no way alters the basic 
calibration of the AA nor does it render the readings unreliable.

I thought we had explained this in the report in enough detail to avoid  
misunderstandings.

Clearly that is not the case.

Final comment: the normalization procedure used was reviewed and found 
acceptable by Dr. Maass, Professor of Chemistry. I am inclined to respect his 
opinion over that of a student in freshman chemistry.


frank key




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