Ode wrote: > If 13 PPM is the max ionic silver content [assuming a relationship between > cations and ions..same thing only charge specific, right?]
The 13 ppm is for pure water, but you don't have pure water. Your water has dissolved carbon dioxide and other contaminants. The CO2 provides carbonate anions so the silver cation concentration can go a bit higher. > ... and a PWT uS reading bears a relationship to the quantity > and concentration of those ions... A PWT measures electrical conductivity which increases as the ionic content of the liquid increases. The PWT reading has a relationship to total ionic content, not silver content. Any ions added to the water increase the electrical conductivity and thus the PWT reading. Just bubbling air through the water will increase the PWT reading. The notion that silver content can be determined by a PWT is myth, not science. If you want to measure the silver ionic concentration use an Ion Selective Electrode (ISE). > ...how come I can get as high a stable reading as 78 uS on the PWT when > making CS? Probably because you have an ionic solution that is at equilibrium. It does not mean you have any specific amount of silver. An ISE can determine the ionic silver concentration (but not total silver). > Is it because there are not enough anions present in the water to > 'discharge' the silver cations? Anions do not "discharge" cations. The cations and anions both retain their ionic charge. They are always in balance to maintain a net charge of zero. > there's no reason I can see that I couldn't go higher. Silver cation concentration cannot go higher unless the companion anions are provided. If silver cations are added to the water by electrolysis beyond the available anions present, the solution becomes saturated and the silver precipitates out as metallic silver in the form of large flat flakes. > [78 uS is as high as I've gone and still produced a colorless CS but > there's no reason I can see that I couldn't go higher. TE at that reading > is VERY strong indicating a total silver content probably beyond 150 PPM] You are only guessing about concentration. Unless you are adding citrate or some other anion to the water it is unlikely it will get anywhere near 150 ppm. Unless the total silver is tested by a scientifically valid method (atomic absorption/emission) you can't be sure what you have. frank key ----- Original Message ----- From: "Ode Coyote" <[email protected]> To: <[email protected]> Sent: Sunday, September 07, 2003 6:50 AM Subject: Re: CS>WaterOz Ionic Silver - Silver Citrate > If 13 PPM is the max ionic silver content [assuming a relationship between > cations and ions..same thing only charge specific, right?] and a PWT uS > reading bears a relationship to the quantity and concentraion of those > ions...how come I can get as high a stable reading as 78 uS on the PWT when > making CS? > Is it because there are not enough anions present in the water to > 'discharge' the silver cations? > [78 uS is as high as I've gone and still produced a colorless CS but > there's no reason I can see that I couldn't go higher. TE at that reading > is VERY strong indicating a total silver content probably beyond 150 PPM] > > Ode > > > At 11:43 AM 9/6/2003 -0400, you wrote: > >Silver is a cation (+). For every cation there must be a companion anion (-) > >present in a solution so that the net charge is zero. > > > >Pure water will allow about 13 ppm of silver cations using hydroxide as the > >anion. Pure water supplies the hydroxide. > > > >If the goal is to make a concentration of silver greater than 13 ppm, then > >some additional anions must balance the cations. The salt formed from > >combining the cations and anions must form a water soluble compound. Silver > >citrate is one such water soluble compound. Other water soluble compounds of > >silver include silver nitrate and silver acetate. > > > >frank key > > > > > >----- Original Message ----- > >From: "Jonathan B. Britten" <[email protected]> > >To: <[email protected]> > >Sent: Saturday, September 06, 2003 2:37 AM > >Subject: Re: CS>WaterOz Ionic Silver - Silver Citrate > > > > > >> Do you have any idea of the logic behind adding the citric acid? I am > >> not a chemist and can not venture even an uneducated guess. Is there > >> any underlying logic apparent to a chemist? > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> > >> On Saturday, Sep 6, 2003, at 06:23 Asia/Tokyo, Frank Key wrote: > >> > >> > Ion Chromatograph has confirmed that citrate is the anion in WaterOz > >> > Ionic > >> > Silver. > >> > > >> > Silver citrate at a concentration of 100 ppm (WaterOz) can cause > >> > argyria if > >> > caution is not exercised in how much is consumed. > >> > > >> > Silver citrate can be produced by electrolysis by using a "colloidal > >> > silver > >> > generator" of either HVAC or DC type design. By adding citric acid to > >> > the DI > >> > water before starting the process, citrate will become the companion > >> > anion > >> > when silver cations are added to the solution by electrolysis. > >> > > >> > The ph will be neutral when the silver cations balance the available > >> > citrate > >> > anions. > >> > > >> > > >> > frank key > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > > >> > -- > >> > The silver-list is a moderated forum for discussion of colloidal > >> > silver. > >> > > >> > Instructions for unsubscribing may be found at: http://silverlist.org > >> > > >> > To post, address your message to: [email protected] > >> > > >> > Silver-list archive: http://escribe.com/health/thesilverlist/index.html > >> > > >> > List maintainer: Mike Devour <[email protected]> > >> > > >> > > > > > > >
