Hello, All,

Bob and Alberto's comments on the 'quality' of sound in a DC-SDR 
provide me to ask a generic question which I have been pondering for a 
while now.  This forum has a lot of talent so I am asking it here first.

What was said about the exceptional 'clarity' of signals derived from 
direct conversion SDRs has been my experience as well, whether the 
radio was a simple homebrew design, a SoftRock, an SDR14, or even 'The 
Time Machine'.  It has also been true whether I was using Linrad, 
PowerSDR, Winrad, Rocky, KGKSDR, Spectraview, etc. as the software 
backend.  The 'old-style-radios I used for comparison were FT1000MP Mk 
V and Elecraft K2 [and before that IC735 and IC970, but these last 2 
are not really in the same class at all].

So the sound effect is not limited to one type of hardware or one 
particular piece of software.  I agree that it likely relates to the 
lack of crystal filters, etc.  Unfortunately, in some situations these 
filters seem to be a 'necessity' and that is the reason for this 
email/question, as I ponder which course to take as I upgrade my 
[contest] station here.

The problem that has made me unable to go totally SDR, and for which I 
really wish I had a solution, is that I do weak signal contest work [50 
MHz to 24 GHz] but live in an environment where during a [VHF and up] 
contest I have more than 1 full-legal-power-on-multiple-bands station 
operating within a few miles of me [one a multi op].  The extremely 
high RF levels from inband signals from these stations trash the front 
end of any radio [SDR or not] that I have had available to me that 
doesn't have a narrow roofing filter [1st IF filter] to greatly 
attenuate the inband signal [as long as it is outside the roofing 
filter].  Given that the multiop stations usually have the lower four 
bands [50-432 MHz] continuously occupied at 1.5 kW output, this is a 
great problem on these bands.  On the bands above 432 MHz it is of 
course not a problem.  My FT1000MP has a 4 kHz roofing filter instead 
of the stock 12 kHz filter, and the improvement this gives under these 
contest conditions is tremendous, as long as the strong stations are 
not within 4-5 kHz or less of where I want to operate.  The K2's 
variable bandwidth crystal filter also does a very good job and before 
I put the narrow roofing filter into the FT1000MP the K2 ran rings 
around it in terms of strong signal immunity.  The SDR's fold up in 
this environment with spurious signals, increased noise, etc.

I wonder if a hybrid approach such as something with an architecture 
like the Orion I or II might offer the best of both worlds in terms of 
performance in the environment described.  The Ten-Tec Orion has a 
conventional front end and what is arguably the best roofing filter 
arrangement of any commercial conventional radio and follows that with 
digital processing.  Might this be the best way of achieving 
outstanding, 'bullet-proof' receiver performance?

One of the great attractions of the SDR radios from an operational 
standpoint is the fact that they have wideband displays that from a 
EMEer or contester's perspective are extremely useful for showing just 
'what is going on' away from the operating frequency and on other 
bands.  During a contest I constantly monitor bandscopes on  all of 
50-432 MHz simultaneously for this reason.  The roofing filter approach 
of minimizing the signal that gets thru to the processing stages seems 
diametrically opposed to the use of a wideband display and 'doesn't 
fit' with the direct conversion model.

One could achieve perhaps [for a station with my requirement] the best 
of both worlds with an Orion-type receiver with conventional front end 
with very good performance and narrow roofing filters, and stealing 
tiny bits of time to step the LO to sweep the band and generate a 
bandscope waterfall that way.  Or if one designed the radio with the 
'usual' 2 receivers, using the second receiver hardware [when not in 
dual-receive mode] to do the same.

Of course with each of these designs, best-possible performance of the 
RF preamp [if used], First Mixer, and Post-Mixer amp is needed, and 
these stages must be designed and implemented so that they are not the 
limiting factors to strong signal performance.

So my question is this.  Is it possible to design a direct-conversion 
SDR with wideband display that will under the strong signal conditions 
that I have described offer the same protection from overload from 
strong signals while trying to listen to weak [and other strong] ones 
that architectures such as the Orion II or the modified FT1000MP for 
example provide?  Will the 'best' implementation of a DC SDR always 
suffer IN THIS REGARD in comparison to the 'best' implementation of a 
receiver using narrow 'roofing' filters?

I ask this question now because [1] I just finished a contest weekend 
and all of these issues are [too] fresh in my mind, and [2] I am in the 
process of deciding whether to move for my contest station to [1] 
multiple Orion II's [operated using N4PY software so all can be 
operated from a single computer screen] or [2] Multiple 
SDR-1000/2000/etc, or [3] a combination of the two.  It might for 
example be optimal [for a VHF contest station] to use an Orion for each 
of the lower 4 bands where strong signal performance is paramount, and 
then use an SDR for 903 MHz and up.

Thanks in advance for your collective wisdom, and

73,

Roger Rehr
W3SZ
Roger Rehr
W3SZ
http://www.nitehawk.com/w3sz

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