On 10 Feb 2004, Pollak, Edward wrote:

> I had 2 questions from students the other day that I could not answer
> hopefully you folks can help.
> 
> 1) This is an old one to which I've never found a satisfactory 
> answer: Is there an adaptive significance to the contralateral
> organization of the brain. If so, what is it? Or is it just a
> peculiarity of neural development. 

I've collected some information on this one, but no satisfactory 
answer. A post on another list (1998)  quoted the following personal 
response from the neuropsychologist Jerre Levy;

"Crossed regulation began in the vertebrate ancestors, who are 
represented today by primitve chordates, such as amphioxus, and was 
passed down to all their descendants. For multiple reasons, it's a 
lousy engineering plan, but vertebrates are stuck with what they 
inherited. Amphioxus automatically filters food from water that 
passes by its "mouth" and automatically exudes sperm or ova in 
response to seasonal changes in light. It has no capaicty for 
directed movement and no approach reflexes. Most of the time, its 
tail is buried in the sand of ocean shallows. It has one reflex: if 
poked or pushed on one side, it coils in the opposite direction (the 
coiling reflex). Thus, a stimulus on one side of the body elicits 
muscle contraction on the opposite half, which requires crossed 
comunication. The absence of approach reflexes means that a stimulus 
on one side of the body never has to elicit muscle contraction on the 
same side". 

I'm not sure I understand this speculation (which is what it is) but 
it seems to lay the blame as far back as amphioxus. Another poster 
pointed out that Steven Pinker in _How the Mind Works_ similarly 
fingers primitive chordates, although he calls it only an 
evolutionary "accident" which we all were subsequently stuck with,  a 
concept which I do understand. 

I also have two references, neither of which I've looked at, although 
I still intend to, some day. Perhaps Ed will take a look at them and 
tell us what what they say.

Kashalikar, S. (1988). An explanation for the development of 
decussations in the central nervous system. Medical Hypotheses, 26, 1-
8.

Capozzoli, N. (1995). Why are vertebrate nervous systems crossed? 
Medical Hypotheses, 45, 471-475.

Stephen

___________________________________________________
Stephen L. Black, Ph.D.            tel:  (819) 822-9600 ext 2470
Department of Psychology         fax:  (819) 822-9661
Bishop's  University           e-mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Lennoxville, QC  J1M 1Z7
Canada

Dept web page at http://www.ubishops.ca/ccc/div/soc/psy
TIPS discussion list for psychology teachers at
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