Regardless whether the algos are secure or not [1], implementation issues
happen all the time, especially in the earlier days of development in
seemingly benign ways like with the rust ML DSA signature malleability bug.

In a hybrid approach; even a simple one with authentication occurring with
verification against both ML-DSA44 and Ed25519 separately but requiring
both, even if someone exploited a ML-DSA bug, they would have failed the
Ed25519 verification.

There simply isn’t an argument as of June 7, 2026 that negates hybrids.

[1] Participants on the list are literally the people I look up to when
determining whether it’s safe to consider something secure. That said,
proper security posture dictates a defense in depth approach; assume
everything will fail and minimize exposure blast radius per each failure.






On Sun, Jun 7, 2026 at 3:23 PM Soatok Dreamseeker <[email protected]>
wrote:

> This "dark future" concern only exists if you believe ML-KEM or ML-DSA are
> insecure. In which case, you shouldn't be hybridizing them either, but
> refraining from using them at all.
>
> On Sun, Jun 7, 2026 at 1:44 PM Andrew Lee <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>> Dear members of the TLS working group, many and most of whom I consider
>> my seniors and superiors in this field,
>>
>>
>> > On Jun 7, 2026, at 3:08 AM, Deb Cooley <[email protected]> wrote:
>> >
>> > Andrew,
>> >
>> > With my AD hat on:
>> >
>> > This is an explicit warning that making accusations about people's
>> motivations is not acceptable on the TLS mailing list (see RFC 7154 section
>> 2).
>> >
>> > Deb Cooley
>> > Sec AD
>> >
>>
>> I want to acknowledge the AD's reminder in reference to RFC 7154 section
>> 2. My earlier message was driven by deep concern due to the events that
>> took place, but I should have been more selective with my language
>> therewith. I appreciate the warning to help me put myself in check.
>>
>> I'd also like to address my previous message.
>>
>> After sending my response for clarification yesterday, I've been thiking
>> more about what RECOMMENDED=N actually means in reality, and I want to
>> correct something I said earlier about whether or not the IETF's processes
>> are working as intended.
>>
>> I was treating the RECOMMENDED=Y for hybrids and RECOMMENDED=N for solo
>> ML-KEM as a win. If you're one of the likely < 100 people actively reading
>> these threads, it could feel that way; and I was not an exception. After
>> taking a step back and thinking about how development and security
>> decisions really work, I do not believe this is enough.
>>
>> CSO/CISOs and developers building TLS implementations generally don't
>> parse recommendation flags. They see an RFC number, see that it was
>> published through the IETF, and treat that as endorsement. The nuance
>> between RECOMMENDED=Y and RECOMMENDED=N is just a line in a document that,
>> for even those who read said document, will be glossed over.
>>
>> I'm not a cryptographer. I like to consider myself, however, an applied
>> cryptographer. I consume the primitives that researchers far greater (and
>> smarter) than me discover and standardize. I integrate libs, make
>> implementation decisions, and yes, in some cases I've had to roll my own
>> based on those primitives (not often). Nearly a decade ago when I
>> implemented a TLS HTTPS proxy with SNI, or an IRC bouncer, I opened the
>> relevant RFCs and absolutely did not read the majority of the text. I went
>> straight to the protocol syntax and implementation details. I didn't
>> scrutinize recommendation flags or comb through security considerations
>> looking for caveats, because that's what RFCs (request for comments) are
>> for: the questions and comments have been answered so I can focus on
>> getting the implementation right.
>>
>> There are many others like me, and there are far more developers who
>> don't even know what the term "hybrid" means in this context. When the IETF
>> makes decisions, it can't optimize only for the PhD researchers who will
>> carefully parse every flag and footnote. It has to account for the applied
>> cryptographers, the integration engineers, and the developers who will see
>> an RFC and treat it as a green light... because that's exactly what we do.
>>
>> Sadly, the only reason I'm even aware of this issue is because I'm a
>> member on this list, already "deep" in the space, and already have the
>> highest of respect for researchers like Dr. Kobeissi, Dr. Bernstein, and
>> others, who thankfully raised the alarm. If I weren't already here, I would
>> have had no idea. That's the case for 99.99% of the people whose security
>> depends on the decisions made on this list. They will never read this
>> thread or see RECOMMENDED=N. They will simply see an RFC exists, and they
>> will implement it.
>>
>> Looking toward an even darker future, TLS is considered to be a reference
>> standard. When teams building other custom protocols, messaging systems, or
>> custom encryption see that TLS published an RFC for solo PQ key exchange,
>> they will take that as validation that solo PQ is an acceptable approach.
>> This sets a bad precedent where every protocol designer who looks to TLS
>> for guidance will conclude that if TLS did it, it must be fine.
>>
>> I don't have to tell you all that key exchange is the most significant
>> part of contemporary cryptographic privacy. If you can't exchange the key
>> securely, everything that follows is completely meaningless theater.
>>
>> Further, people are using Claude/ChatGPT as their oracle; I went ahead
>> and asked it if it was okay to use solo PQ if there is a published RFC.
>> This is what it said:
>>
>> "The existence of the RFC signals that the community considers standalone
>> ML-KEM a legitimate option, not a reckless one." [Claude]
>>
>> It didn't go deep enough to check or ask if RECOMMENDED=N. It treated the
>> RFC's existence as the endorsement.
>>
>> I said earlier that the process needs a refactor. I still believe that,
>> but I was too quick to treat the current outcome as sufficient.
>>
>> Treating RECOMMENDED=N as enough is like saying adopted doesn't mean
>> adopted... oh wait.
>>
>> Sincerely,
>> Andrew
>> _______________________________________________
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>>
>
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