On Sun, Jun 7, 2026 at 8:32 PM Peter Gutmann <[email protected]>
wrote:

> Hybrids are useful if you've got people clamoring for PQC but don't want to
> take the risk of committing to something that we have almost no deployment
> experience with compared to the 30-50 years of practical experience with
> conventional PKC algorithms.


Exactly this.

Further, standard setting should take into consideration the state of our
current reality as opposed to a future goal not yet reached. Secondly,
layering three schemes doesn't provide any benefit; in this case, ML-DSA is
young with strong potential, whereas Ed25519 etc. are mature and battle
tested. There's a purpose for layering these two since, luckily in this
case, you do get the best of both worlds. It's the same reason you wouldn't
launch and start using Daemon N+1 into a live userbase on day 1: the live
userbase isn't the beta test network.

The rust ML-DSA crate's '<' vs '<=' bug was committed initially as a fix,
this year. Unfortunately, it led to signature malleability. Luckily, again,
this was only an implementation flaw but said flaw undiscovered would make
it unusable for verification/authentication. Even if an implementation flaw
exists, Ed25519 keeps things from crashing out so to speak.

In terms of audits, I agree it's not the IETF's mandate to police wild
code, but standard setting, again, should take into consideration the state
of implementations out there and their hardening, or lack thereof.
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