The fuel preperation process that Rossi uses as exposed in apendex 3 of the Lugano report shows that the surface of the 100 micron fuel particle is impregnated with carbon being most likely in the form of nanosized graphite particles. THese carbon particles are most likely melted into the surface of the nickel at high temperatures because the 100 micron particle gets hot enough to sinter many 5 micron particles together as a large aggragate.
Then pure lithium is added to cover the entire surface of the 100 micron particle. This converts the graphite to nanosized particles of lithium carbide. The LENR reaction does not occur in this preprocessing step because the sintering is done without hydrogen present. Rossi must uses a noble gas like argon or even better helium to sinter the 100 micron particle. When the reactor is started with hydrogen, the lithium carbide gradually evaperates and a goodly amount of rydberg matter is produced. After a time all the lithium carbide is removed from the surface of the nickel particle leaving nano sized cavities on the surface of the nickel particles. The surface of the ash from Lugano show no carbon remaining in the ash sample of the 100 micron nickel particle. These nano cavities play a role in the continuing production of hydrogen rydberg matter as time goes on in the Rossi reaction. On Tue, Oct 20, 2015 at 9:44 AM, Roarty, Francis X < [email protected]> wrote: > Axil, does the hydrogen have to desorb from the surface of the Ni? I liked > everything you were saying to that point but still think the surface and > lattice are needed to form inverse Rydberg hydrogen. I agree lack of oxygen > or any reactive gases is key so the path of least resistance, covalent > bond, is removed and that hydrogen could desorb from carbon at elevated > temperature but think this added pressure pushes the hydrogen down into the > Ni surface and NAE to form fractional hydrogen [IRH] - energy states lower > than ground state afforded by vacuum suppression based on Casimir geometry. > > Fran > > > > *From:* Axil Axil [mailto:[email protected]] > *Sent:* Monday, October 19, 2015 4:52 PM > *To:* vortex-l > *Subject:* EXTERNAL: Re: [Vo]:Ni+LAH systems not performing > > > > According to Holmlid, Hydrogen Rydberg matter is formed when there is no > reactive elements available to form covalent bonds. Hydrogen must interact > with itself. The hydrogen must desorb from a material that does not combine > with hydrogen. Carbon at elevated temperatures does not interact with > hydrogen. > > > > When Rossi preprocesses his fuel, he sets up a condition were lithium and > hydrogen desorb from the surface of his nickel particles at high > temperatures. The same is true for Holmlid, who uses iridium as a substrate > to store Hydrogen Rydberg matter produced by the iron catalyst until > Holmlid hits the iridium with a laser shot. > > > > On Mon, Oct 19, 2015 at 3:38 PM, Eric Walker <[email protected]> > wrote: > > On Mon, Oct 19, 2015 at 1:39 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > > > > It is well known that the hydrides of group 14 elements produce Rydberg > matter because of their covalent bond structure(4 bonds). These element > includes include silicon and carbon. > > > > Another interesting tidbit -- both silicon and carbon have trace amounts > of beta emitters: > > > e- + 32Si => 2*e- + 2*neutrino + 32S + 1938 keV > e- + 32Si => e- + neutrino + 32P + 227 keV > e- + 14C => e- + neutrino + 14N + 156 keV > > A covalent bond could change the amount of time that the orbital electrons > spend in the nuclear volume, potentially altering the beta decay rate. > Because there are only trace amounts of these isotopes, I am pessimistic > much heat could be derived from them. > > Eric > > >
