Hi Bob: Back when Alan used a Nickel Capsule/Container (it’s now SS), I used SRIM/TRIM and assuming the possibility of 6 MeV Protons emanating from the core, I demonstrated that all the protons wouldn’t be stopped in the capsule. If it was slightly thicker, they would.
This is not to say that the Piantelli picture is what is happening, just that if such energetic particles of this type were around, some would still escape the capsule. At the time, I was concerned that if the reaction was a two-step process where Li was involved, and somehow if the Li was escaping the confines of the capsule (for example, coating the Alumina walls), then the capsule might stop/inhibit the secondary reaction... I would encourage people to try SRIM/TRIM or GEANT4 and start playing with them if you’re interested in modeling this type of stuff (they’re free). There are Wikipedia Pages for both. - Mark Jurich From: Bob Cook Sent: Friday, March 11, 2016 9:34 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: Re: [Vo]: Bremsstrahlung experimental note The effectiveness of the SS can at stopping any high energy electrons that cause Bremsstrahlung would depend upon the thickness of the can (or alumina) and the energy of the incident electrons. I think the loss of energy per scattering event is proportional to Z ^2 for the nucleus that is doing the scattering. Al at Z=13 and with Fe at Z=26 the intensity of the Bremsstrahlung signal would be about a factor of 4 different. The mean length of the path of an electron is a good parameter to know for any given substance (basically its density) vs the incident energy of the electron. Shielding engineering curves provide this information I believe. Iron being significantly more dense than Al2O3 would be much better at slowing electrons and thus producing Bremsstrahlung IMHO. At high electron energies the change of direction of the electron going through SS can would be less than for a low energy electron. For slow electrons scattering can significantly change the direction of an incident electron such that all Bremsstrahlung would be emitted from the material that stopped the electron. I think with a SS can present in the system vs no can and only Alumina stopping the electrons, one would expect to see a more intense signal at high energy compared to the spectrum from the Alumina reactor chamber. The absorption of the EM Bremsstrahlung by the respective media would also have to be considered. Neither Alumina nor SS may transmit some of the Bremsstrahlung spectrum very well. Thus the effective shielding of the EM radiation considering a distributed source would have to be evaluated for the resulting high energy EM and the signal intensity corrected accordingly. The cut off at the high energy spectrum will be a useful value to know to understand the maximum energy of the electron source. This may provide information about the reaction producing the electrons. The change of the intensity of the Bremsstrahlung signal as a function of the magnetic field would also provide information as to whether or not the lattice orientation of the nano fuel was important. One might expect that the electrons being produced by the respective LENR reaction would produced in some preferred direction. Bob Cook From: Bob Higgins Sent: Friday, March 11, 2016 6:09 AM To: vortex-l@eskimo.com Subject: [Vo]: Bremsstrahlung experimental note I don't know if other Vorts thought of this already... but I had a minor epiphany regarding the radiation that MFMP measured in GS5.2. We identified this radiation tentatively as bremsstrahlung. This has certain implications. Bremsstrahlung requires that the high speed electrons impact on a high atomic mass element so as to be accelerated/decelerated quickly to produce the radiation. It could be that the stainless steel can that contained the fuel was an important component in seeing the bremsstrahlung. Without the can, there would still be the Ni for the electrons to hit, but the Ni is covered with light atomic mass Li. If the electrons were to strike alumina (no fuel can present), I don't think there would be nearly as much bremsstrahlung because alumina is comprised of light elements. Thus, the stainless steel can for the fuel may be an important component for seeing the bremsstrahlung. Bob Higgins
