USE OF CALCIUM OXIDE BARRIER
The cathode HV back side, as described in:
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/DeflationFusion.pdf
either in gas back side mode, or dielectric back side mode, can be
coated with a layer of calcium oxide (CaO) to provide the much needed
diffusion barrier. I have seen some evidence a CaO layer is even
active in anode mode, but the significant evidence for this
application is provided by Iwamura's work, which I think shows that a
thin diffusion barrier is effective at building hydrogen fugacity and
thus deflation fusion. See:
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IwamuraYobservatioa.pdf
http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/IwamuraYobservatiob.pdf
and the various references to Iwamura on lenr-canr.org.
Hydrogen diffusion in Pd is almost entirely by tunneling. When
diffusing through a CaO barrier, toward the back side, the deuteron
leaves behind an electron on the front side, which can simultaneously
tunnel across the same barrier, or not. When an electron is left
behind the barrier, the deuteron would have had to have found a
matching electron on the back side of the barrier to make the
tunneling event favorable. (alternatively the deuteron-electron pair
could have tunneled in the deflated hydrogen state, but this state
has low probability normally. ) This suddenly unveiled electron on
the (high hydrogen fugacity) front side then starts a chain of
deuteron tunneling events on the backed up high pressure front side
of the barrier, progressing away from the barrier toward the front,
and such tunneling events are the stuff of which deflation fusion is
made. This process, combined with conduction, moves the excess
electron toward the electron source. This process is clearly made
far more likely by providing a source of electrons on the back side
of the barrier.
NEW CATHODE GEOMETRY
This then leads to another possible cathode structure and LENR
method. That method consists of building an electrode in which the
CaO layers exist parallel to the direction of electrolysis. This
electrode is used in a triode cell, where the current can be run
through the cathode normal to the direction of the electrolysis
current. When the cathode is loaded, such a current causes hydrogen
diffusion laterally through the cathode, and thus through the CaO
barriers. The electrolysis then is merely to keep the cathode
loaded. The loading can even be achieved in gas mode, as in the
Iwamura experiment. The major diffusion is driven trough the CaO
barriers, and can be driven by AC. Note that in gas mode the low
pressure side need not be a vacuum as in the Iwamura experiment. It
should be equally as effective to provide the pressure differential
via compression of the front side gas. The waveform used to drive
the barrier jumping might consist of a low current set up phase
followed by a high voltage pulse to achieve a tunneling phase.
Horace Heffner
http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
