On Aug 28, 2007, at 3:43 AM, Michel Jullian wrote:
Iwamura results with pressure loading only: interesting qualitatively but they don't achieve a sufficient reaction rate for detectable excess heat. You need a high D/Pd loading ratio (~1) for that, or so I understand, and they don't have it. Their ICCF12 paper indicates in Fig.11 a D density nD of 2*10^22 per cm3 for their best Pd complex. One cm3 of Pd is 12g --density 12.0--, which is 12/106.4=0.11 mole --molar mass 106.4g--, which is 0.11*6*10^23 atoms i.e. a Pd density of 6.6*10^22 atoms per cm3, so this would be a D/Pd of only 2/6.6=0.3 if I am not mistaken, far from unity.
Iwamura et al (1) run at atmospheric pressure on the high pressure side, (2) merely use the one atmosphere pressure drop to vacuum to obtain their diffusion rate, and thus hydrogen tunneling rate, (3) load at low temperature, and (4) use a Pd lattice which places nominal pressure on the adsorbed hydrogen orbitals and which is subject to cracking except in some small crystalline domains, (5) operate at a low temperature, thus obtaining a nominal anvil effect and nominal tunneling rate, and (6) do not use magnetic, electrostatic, or EM fields for orbital deformation, loading, or surface stimulation. They are obtaining LENR using merely diffusion through an appropriate barrier. That is a phenominal scientific result, and a clue as to what is possible with appropriate metallurgical and other forms of engineering. High temperature lattices - that's where the action is to be found in my opinion. That opens up huge possibilities for active materials and operating ranges and lattice reliability.
Another area that requires engineering is lattice conductivity. By dropping electron conductivity and controlling proton conductivity, it is then possible to utilize a field internal to the electrode. This is useful for controlling diffusion rates, and for obtaining simultaneous electron and hydrogen tunneling in controlled proportions. It is also feasible to some extent to control magnetic and dielectric properties. Controlling conductivity and/or tunneling barriers is also key to utilizing lateral currents through the loaded lattice, and this is also relevant in that it changes loading characteristics in the vicinity of the barriers.
Horace Heffner http://www.mtaonline.net/~hheffner/
