Years ago, I did similar carbon arc experiments because I thought this would be the best way to demonstrate the possibility of nuclear transmutation by other than conventional means. I used spectroscopic grade carbon rods as well. Far more iron was created than could be accounted for by contamination. The only difference was that no water was used and there was probably more iron made as a percentage of the original carbon weight. I had a powerful magnet near the arc, so possibly the iron was removed before it could revert. That hypothesis is rather half baked but maybe a magnet should be used in the underwater version to see if the results are different. Since there was no water, I think the idea of this being the results of cavitation doesn't seem valid. M.
--- On Thu, 11/15/12, Jed Rothwell <[email protected]> wrote: From: Jed Rothwell <[email protected]> Subject: [Vo]:Papers about carbon arc experiments To: [email protected] Date: Thursday, November 15, 2012, 1:11 PM I uploaded two papers about carbon arc experiments: Singh, M., et al., Verification of the George Oshawa Experiment for Anomalous Production of Iron From Carbon Arc in Water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 266. http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/SinghMverificati.pdf Sundaresan, R. and J. Bockris, Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water. Fusion Technol., 1994. 26: p. 261. http://lenr-canr.org/acrobat/Sundaresananomalousr.pdf The quality of these scans is not good. By the time I realized there was a problem I had already thrown out the original paper. Sorry about that. Because there are OCR errors in the text that may copy the corrected abstracts here. This is from the LENR-CANR index system, which you see when you click on the plus sign: Author Singh, M. Co-authors Saksena, M. D., Dixit, V. S., Kartha, V. B. Title Verification of the George Oshawa Experiment for Anomalous Production of Iron From Carbon Arc in Water Publisher Fusion Technol. Date Uploaded 2012-11-15 Abstract A direct current arc was run between ultrapure graphite electrodes dipped in ultrapure water for 1 to 20 h, The graphite residue collected at the bottom of the water trough was analyzed for iron content by a conventional spectrographic method, It was found, in the first few experiments, that the iron content in the graphite residue was fairly high, depending on the duration of the arcing, The experiment was repeated initially six times, and the results showed large variations in iron content (50 to 2000 parts per million (ppm)) in the carbon residue, In the second series of experiments, which were done with the water trough fully covered, the amount of iron in the carbon residue decreased significantly (20 to 100 ppm), Here also there were large variations in the iron concentration in the residue, although the experiments were performed under identical conditions, Whether iron is really being synthesized through transmutation from carbon and oxygen as suggested by George Oshawa or is getting concentrated to different degrees through some other phenomenon is not currently clear, The iron in the carbon residue was also analyzed mass spectrometrically for the abundance of its various isotopes, and the results were more or less the same as that of natural iron, Besides iron, the presence of other elements like silicon, nickel, aluminum, and chromium was also determined in the carbon residue, and it was found that the variation of their concentrations followed the same pattern as that of iron. Author Sundaresan, R. Co-authors Bockris, J. Title Anomalous Reactions During Arcing Between Carbon Rods in Water Publisher Fusion Technol. Date Uploaded 2012-11-15 Abstract Spectroscopically pure carbon rods were subjected to a carbon arc in highly purified water. The arc current varied from 20 to 25 A and was passed intermittently for several hours. The original carbon contained ~2 parts per million (ppm) iron, and the detritus contained up to 286 ppm of iron. The carbon rods remained cool 10 the touch at >2 cm from their tips. Adsorption of iron from water or the surrounding atmosphere was established as not being the cause of the increase of iron. There is a weak correlation between the iron formed and the time of passage of current. When dissolved O2, was replaced by N2 in the solution, no iron was formed. Hence, the mechanism 26C12 + 28O18 -> 26Fe56 + 2He4 was suggested as the origin of the iron. The increase in temperature of the solution was consistent with expectation based on this reaction. - Jed
