*How to build a nano-cavity* http://nanophotonics.csic.es/static/publications/pdfs/paper203.pdf
Organized Plasmonic Clusters with High Coordination Number and Extraordinary Enhancement in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) To illustrate a pivotal principle from Nano-engineering that bears upon LENR, in experimental results from that field involving Nanoplasmonics, the electromagnetic field strength in the spaces between nanoparticles is exponentially strengthened based on the number of nanoparticles in contact with each other. Remember, strengthening the density of the electron gas is a prime LENR design goal. Electromagnetic field strength amplification is what we really want to do. See Figure A - Optical enhancement of nanoparticle clusters with coordination numbers (points of near contact or nano-gaps) from 1 to 7. Comparison between the enhancement factors obtained for each sample, normalized to the enhancement produced by a single particle excited with a 633 nm laser line. See Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of benzenethiol on the pentagonal bipyramid (CN 7). The enhancement factor of the electromagnetic fields in the nano-gaps is proportional to the capacitance that the particle can impose on the dielectric material in the gap. Simply put, the number of electrons that can be packed into the dielectric medium filling the gap is directly proportional to the amount of charge difference that the particles can bring to bear in the immediate neighborhood of the nano-cavity. The micro-particle has a far greater capacitive potential than a single nano-particle or even a large cluster of nano-particles because its bulk is orders of magnitude bigger than those particles that are sized on the nanoscale. But critically, there needs to be a way to increase both the effective surface area of the micro-particle and the coordination number (nano-gaps) when two micro-particles grow close together. This is cleverly engineered by covering the micro-particles with nanowires like the spines that cover the surface skin of a sea urchin. The nanowires draw close and touch as the micro-particles draw together but the charge on the surface of the micro-particle largely remains in place because current does not readily flow access these filamentary points of contact. The nanowires provide a gage or better described as a spacing mechanism so that the micro-particles maintain the optimum nano-metric capacitive distance between their respective micro-particle surfaces. On Mon, Jul 8, 2013 at 11:54 AM, Edmund Storms <[email protected]>wrote: > I'm glad to see a paper by Mizuno. But this paper raises an interesting > question, Are nanoparticles the NAE? > > I personally believe nanoparticles alone are inert. However, particles of > a critical size are the HOST for the NAE. In other words, the nano-gap I > propose to be the NAE grows in a particle and the particle size determines > the size of the gap. After all, CF has been found to occur under a variety > of conditions, including in complete absence of nanoparticles. However, > nano-gaps can form in any material, but not frequently with the correct > dimension. > > The power being generated is determined by the number NAE present. The > better the material is able to create nano-gaps, the more power will be > produced. Use of small particles improves this ability. Consequently, I'm > suggesting that people should not focus on the particle itself but on what > is happening within the particle. Unless the NAE is produced within the > particle, the particle is inert no matter what size it has. > > Ed > > On Jul 8, 2013, at 8:49 AM, Jed Rothwell wrote: > > Edmund Storms <[email protected]> wrote: > > Eric, ion bombardment has a rich literature containing 90 references in my >> library. You need to read this before speculation is useful. Ion >> bombardment can produce either hot fusion and/or cold fusion, depending on >> the conditions and applied energy. Low energy favors cold fusion if the NAE >> is present and high energy favors hot fusion without a NAE. >> > > At ICCF18 I will be presenting a poster session paper by Mizuno showing > that ion bombardment iteself can create the NAE. It produces nanoparticles > on wires subjected to glow discharge for about 3 days. He has SEM photos > and excess heat results showing this. > > Mizuno himself cannot attend. > > - Jed > > >
