Regarding: *"It took a while for me to go along with (7) and (8). It was only after I convinced myself that there really is something unusual happening that does not look like normal fusion that I became open to them."*
Under the LENR reaction, what if it is likely that multiple nuclear events happen simultaneously and in parallel to the same nucleus . For example. suppose a fusion event occurs and then that result is instantly followed by a fission event. That will really get you to scratch your head. In a layered mufti leveled reaction type system, such reactions may be possible. On Sat, Dec 7, 2013 at 2:49 PM, Eric Walker <[email protected]> wrote: > On Fri, Dec 6, 2013 at 9:34 AM, Sunil Shah <[email protected]> wrote: > > This would produce a number of more (or less) likely chains of reactions, >> that together yield the EXACT mass spectrum of the transmutation products. >> > > I like this idea, too. Keeping track of potential transmutations is > relatively recent -- perhaps the last five or ten years I think? The > results are inconclusive, because there are always questions about > "contamination" (I wonder in this context how much is actually > contamination, however). > > When I was doing an informal review of some of the papers that dealt with > transmutations, I came to these tentative conclusions: > > 1. There are some real difficulties in measuring relative amounts of > transmutations. > 2. The transmutations seen are across the board in terms of isotopes > on the lower end of atomic masses. > 3. Some transmutations are up in atomic mass or number, and others are > down; perhaps mostly up, but this is just an impression. > 4. In some cases it looks like there might be fission of larger > isotopes happening. > 5. There is little in the way of the kind of activation you would see > from adding neutrons, so this doesn't seem to be a significant activity. > 6. My own impression is that transmutations are generally to stable > isotopes and rarely to short-lived ones. > 7. A lot of the potential transmutations look like what you would get > with the successive addition of protons -- X + p, (X + p) + p, etc. > 8. Some of the transmutations look like what you would get with the > successive addition of deuterons -- X + d, (X + d) + d, etc. > 9. There's a general conclusion that the amount of energy that would > be generated by the transmutations that are seen is not of the right order > of magnitude to account for the heat that is measured, suggesting that > transmutations are a side process. > > It took a while for me to go along with (7) and (8). It was only after I > convinced myself that there really is something unusual happening that does > not look like normal fusion that I became open to them. If these two items > are true, then pinning down the specific reactions that are going on might > not be a simple matter of finding a signature or two in the transmutations > and then using them to constrain the possibilities. I think you would have > to come up with some sophisticated Monte Carlo simulations and make some > important assumptions about the rates at which these processes occur, and > even then while you could gain some insight into the overall process, it > would not necessarily disclose it with any assurance. Whatever that > process or processes are, in the context of PdD they appear to lead to the > generation of 4He (although not in every case), and in the context of NiH, > no one but Rossi and Defkalion really seems to know. > > >> (There are some downsides to this approach of course. Heat is measured >> now, transmutation products are measured later. For transmutation we need >> to subtract effects of external ionizing radiation (cosmic, for example), >> and natural isotope spread of the bulk material, and uncertainties due to >> impurities.) >> > > I'm going to guess that the variance in transmutation measurements from > one trial to another is very high. For this reason it seems like a lot of > trials are needed to obtain reliable numbers for any relative ratios of > isotopes before and after. > > Eric > >
