You only have to compare the mass difference before and after the
reaction. No QM can change it.
The reaction D to 2p is endothermic!
There must be better ideas of watt happened in the experiment. The He4
from CF of Deuterium was find in Pd systems.
Maybe the use of Ni
changes something.
I do not like the transmutations theories but they
can at least allow a exothermic reaction.
Something like D+Xz> Xz+1
+H. X can be a Ni isotope or some contamination as O,C or Si.
Or are
there He4 trapped in the Ni matrix?
The odd result can also be from
contamination with ordinary water.
For be sure we most wait for
replications and better measurements.
On Fri, 28 Mar 2014 00:06:21
+0100, Alain Sepeda wrote:
what about the electrons in that
stripping, and the neutrino...
does it stay positives?
what is the
equation?
naively I imagine
np+np -> 4p + 2e +2!v
is it still
positive?
electrons cost 511kev to create, about the gain...
I don't
master enough to be sure of anything
2014-03-27 18:58 GMT+01:00 Jones
Beene :
Attention water-heads ("Mizuno" literally means 'From Water')
Here is another weird and wonderful implication of the recent Mizuno
paper which would explain how two deuterons react in such a way as to
provide more energy than chemical but with few gamma rays and few
neutrons - and with lots of hydrogen as the ash.
Imagine that:
hydrogen is the ash ! To explain this we must think outside the box,
which is the same as inside the cavity.
This could be called a QM
"bi-stripping" reaction. It can only happen with two deuterons, and
probably with the added requirement of nanocavity confinement.
Heisenberg is involved.
When a neutron decays to a proton, about 1.3
MeV would be released. But the extended half-life of free neutrons means
this energy is not normally available instantaneously. This is where QM
enters the picture.
The mass of the deuteron is 1875.613 MeV. The
mass of a free neutron plus a free proton is 1877.8374 - thus about 2.2
MeV would be required (to be supplied via kinetic energy) in order to
split the deuteron - without QM being involved. The net deficit of this
reaction is thus ~900 keV.
This is why no one ever imagined
Oppenheimer Philips as being relevant before now. It looks endothermic,
without Heisenberg. However, one can surmise that with time alteration
or compression - if two deuterons approach each other so that both
undergo the OP splitting reaction instantaneously as a result of the
single impact, then it is possible that the same 2.2 MeV of kinetic
energy results in a net energy release of 2.6 MeV (from two neutron
decays) but the two neutrons have decayed to protons instantly, instead
of with an extended half-life. This could indeed be an expected result
of Heisenberg uncertainty and other QM principles.
Thus the net
reaction gain is 400 keV. The big stretch of the imagination is that the
same kinetic energy can split both atoms at the same time using what can
only be called a quantum time alteration and borrowed energy from the
net reaction. Admittedly, this is a stretch, but isn't everything in QM?
Adding QM into the mix, we can surmise that most of the 2.2 kinetic
energy deficit is supplied from the net energy of the two neutron decay
reactions, not a single decay - and also that the normal half life of
neutrons is greatly compressed to supply this net energy of 2.6 MeV (2 x
1.3 MeV) as part of the borrowed input.
Only then is the net
reaction gainful and the beauty of it is that 4 resultant protons carry
off the 400 keV net gain - with approximately 100 keV in kinetic energy
each, which is at a level which is low enough and consistent with low or
no gamma… and bremsstrahlung would not be high energy either. That there
would appear to be few gamma rays (occasional) is a given. However, the
ash of the reaction is that there would appear to be a lot of hydrogen
which replaces the deuterium - which was there at the start.
If you
don't buy this explanation (that kinetic energy can be shared in such a
way that two approaching deuterons are stripped at exactly the same
time, and instantly decay) then there are alternatives. They will come
up in a later post. In fact, to place this in context - there could be
many gainful reactions happening at the same time.
This bi-stripping
hypothesis is all of a few minutes old, so it needs to be vetted… but
hey, in QM terms - a few minutes is a virtual eternity J
The free
neutron mass is slightly larger than that of a proton. The lifetime is
about 15 minutes. 939.565378 MeV compared to 938.272046 MeV would be the
standard values.
This is why the Oppenheimer Philips (stripping)
reaction could be extremely important to LENR and it has been almost
neglected in the past.
It should be noted that in the parallel thread
on vortex today (Magnetic permeability and LENR) that energy depletion
of the deuteron, in the nickel cavity due to spin coupling, could lower
the binding energy so that the OP effect happens at a much lower
threshold than usual.
Links:
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