What I wanted to see in a TIP Ni/H transmutation experiment is a well calibration real time second by second NMR element assay as the transmutation proceeds. NMR resonance analysis is well-known in chemistry research. This is possible to do when the associated analysis software is written, calibrated, and debugged. Of course, such a research tool is expensive. As a system engineering exercise. I would look to see if such a tool has already been developed.
On Fri, Oct 10, 2014 at 2:35 PM, Foks0904 . <[email protected]> wrote: > Axil -- I don't think it's fair to keep pointing at Storms as the only one > who discounts transmutation as the mechanism -- he's only > the most vocal. There are many non-vocal, well-qualified people in the > community who don't believe it either. It's the main reason so many people > reject Widom-Larsen theory. So what if transmutation shows up in cold > fusion systems? Interesting for sure, but it doesn't mean anything unless > you can match/calculate intermediate/final products with excess heat, have > completely controlled for contamination of multiple runs, and account for > He-4 ash in PdD. You're just rehashing old Miley data that is interesting > but does not prove anything (even though it could be significant once we > find out more). Same goes for the most recent Nickel/Lithium sample taken > from the E-Cat. Interesting, but doesn't tell us as much as we think it > does without A) more replications, and/or B) a much bigger sample analysis > with more discerning mass spec. > > *This transmutation theory developed by Miley and Hora leads me to the > conclusion that in TIP3, there has been many transmutation results that > were not found even if they were in fact occurring. In order to do good > transmutation accounting, the testers must do detailed and perfect > bookkeeping of what elements went into the reaction and account for ALL > elements and isotopes that come out of the LENR reaction.* > > I agree, it's "possible", so let's keep encouraging better analysis and > see where the chips fall. > > John > > On Fri, Oct 10, 2014 at 2:22 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Regarding transmutation, >> >> >> >> Even if Ed Storms discounts transmutation as an LENR energy production >> mechanism, transmutation is the source of energy in LENR that has >> showed up in experimental data since 2010 involving some generalized >> isotopic and elemental changes encompassing some 40 or 50 elements in the >> light and medium Z range since the Ni/H reactor data has been made >> available. >> >> >> >> This way of looking at past experimental transmutation data, there is >> nothing special about helium, lithium or nickel as the singular source of >> LENR energy. These elements are just one of a zoo of many possible >> transmutation reactions based on the particular geometry of the reaction >> process. >> >> >> >> Dr. G. Miley and his associate Dr Hora have come up with a theoretical >> framework for transmutation that is based on the three quark nature of the >> proton and neutron. This theory predicts that the transmuted elements that >> we see in LENR will tend to follow the magic and double magic proton and >> neutron count. >> >> >> >> From Miley, we would expect to see magic number elements form as a result >> of nuclear rearrangement when the coulomb barrier is disrupted because they >> are the most stable nuclei configurations among the elements. >> >> >> >> Z = 2(He), 8(O), 20(Ca), 28(Ni), 50(Sn), 82(Pb), >> >> >> >> See >> >> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics) >> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics)>* >> >> >> >> In explanation, the nucleus seems to have seven magic numbers. An atom >> with a magic number of protons or neutrons is super stable. >> >> >> >> >> >> When both the protons and neutrons are magic, that's a double magic atom. >> There are only seven of them. >> >> >> >> >> >> The seven magic numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. (and maybe >> 184) They are the number of nucleons - which can be either protons or >> neutrons - you need to fill up the shells found in the atomic nucleus. The >> completely filled shells cause the atomic nucleus to be more tightly bound >> together than simple calculations would predict, meaning the magic atoms >> are unusually stable. >> >> >> >> >> >> So, if both the neutrons and protons happen to be magic numbers, the atom >> is not only extra stable, but its nucleus is also rigidly symmetrical, >> which is very unusual and helps observers confirm the doubly magic >> properties of the atom. >> >> >> >> >> >> These isotopes - which include helium-4 (2 protons and 2 neutrons, and >> one of the most abundant isotopes in the universe), lead-208 (82 protons >> and 126 neutrons, and the heaviest stable atom), and the pair of calcium-48 >> and nickel-48 (the former has 20 protons and 28 neutrons, while the latter >> is vice versa). The latest to be discovered is tin-132, which has 50 >> protons and 82 neutrons. >> >> >> >> >> >> These protons and neutrons form proton and neutron lattice layers as >> follows >> >> >> >> >> >> The magic numbers are then >> >> >> >> • 2 >> >> • 8=2+6 >> >> • 20=2+6+12 >> >> • 28=2+6+12+8 >> >> • 50=2+6+12+8+22 >> >> • 82=2+6+12+8+22+32 >> >> • 126=2+6+12+8+22+32+44 >> >> • 184=2+6+12+8+22+32+44+58 >> >> >> >> >> >> Miley and Hora identified that nuclei undergoing a LENR reaction want to >> stabilize at the highly stable double magic number configuration. >> >> >> >> >> >> This is because neutrons want to be paired with protons to form a >> symmetrical nucleus with perfectly shaped lattice based shells. >> >> . >> >> >> >> Elements with lots of unpaired neutrons like Th232 and U238 would make >> for great LENR metals. These metals would stabilize at lead 208. >> >> >> >> >> >> Some nuclides are double-magic, in that the number of protons and >> neutrons are both magic, such as helium-4, oxygen-16, calcium-40, >> calcium-48, nickel-48, and lead-208. These isotopes are particularly stable >> and this is where LENR wants to go. >> >> >> >> >> >> Hora who is Miley’s collaborator, makes a convincing case that the >> nucleus conforms to a R (n) (n = 1, 2, 3…) of the Boltzmann probabilities, >> namely R (n) = 3 to the nth power. This suggests a threefold property of >> stable configurations at magic numbers in Nuclei, consistent with a quark >> property. >> >> >> >> Now, we can use this nuclear engineering background to predict what the >> LENR ash content will look like when the nucleus is broken down into a >> quark soup. >> >> >> >> >> >> In LENR two concurrent processes are occurring simultaneously: fusion and >> fission. >> >> >> >> >> >> Fusion occurs when more than one nucleus is affected in the zone of the >> reaction. >> >> >> >> >> >> The relative strength of these two reactions will reflect the amount of >> screening that the reactor can produce. >> >> >> >> >> >> Elements built up by the fusion process will be subsequently disassembled >> by a fission process. >> >> >> >> >> >> But the chances are good that you can expect to see proton magic number >> elements like helium, calcium, oxygen, nickel, tin and lead appear in the >> LENR ash because they are proton magic number elements. >> >> >> >> >> >> Also, you can expect to see Neutron magic number isotopes favored in LENR. >> >> >> >> >> >> Furthermore thing get more complicated, it is a well-known fact that the >> lowering of the coulomb barrier in the nucleus can increase the radiation >> levels of alpha emitters. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> >> When screening intensity is increased, it is reasonable to expect that >> other light elements besides Helium(Z=2) will be expelled(aka fission) from >> the nucleus. >> >> >> >> >> >> These are Lithium(Z=3) , Beryllium(Z=4), and Boron(Z=5). >> >> >> >> >> >> Also intermediate elements will form that result from the emissions of >> these light elements like iron, chromium vanadium, titanium, and scandium. >> >> >> >> >> >> Sulfur(Z=16) will form from the beryllium(Z=4) emission from >> calcium(Z=20). >> >> >> >> >> >> The large amount of iron found in the ash products of the Ni/H reaction >> point to alpha decay of nickel. >> >> >> >> This transmutation theory developed by Miley and Hora leads me to the >> conclusion that in TIP3, there has been many transmutation results that >> were not found even if they were in fact occurring. In order to do good >> transmutation accounting, the testers must do detailed and perfect >> bookkeeping of what elements went into the reaction and account for ALL >> elements and isotopes that come out of the LENR reaction. >> >> >> >> >> >> >> > >
