Wasn't DGT going to do something like this before they imploded? On Fri, Oct 10, 2014 at 2:49 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote:
> What I wanted to see in a TIP Ni/H transmutation experiment is a well > calibration real time second by second NMR element assay as the > transmutation proceeds. NMR resonance analysis is well-known in chemistry > research. This is possible to do when the associated analysis software is > written, calibrated, and debugged. Of course, such a research tool is > expensive. As a system engineering exercise. I would look to see if such a > tool has already been developed. > > On Fri, Oct 10, 2014 at 2:35 PM, Foks0904 . <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Axil -- I don't think it's fair to keep pointing at Storms as the only >> one who discounts transmutation as the mechanism -- he's only >> the most vocal. There are many non-vocal, well-qualified people in the >> community who don't believe it either. It's the main reason so many people >> reject Widom-Larsen theory. So what if transmutation shows up in cold >> fusion systems? Interesting for sure, but it doesn't mean anything unless >> you can match/calculate intermediate/final products with excess heat, have >> completely controlled for contamination of multiple runs, and account for >> He-4 ash in PdD. You're just rehashing old Miley data that is interesting >> but does not prove anything (even though it could be significant once we >> find out more). Same goes for the most recent Nickel/Lithium sample taken >> from the E-Cat. Interesting, but doesn't tell us as much as we think it >> does without A) more replications, and/or B) a much bigger sample analysis >> with more discerning mass spec. >> >> *This transmutation theory developed by Miley and Hora leads me to the >> conclusion that in TIP3, there has been many transmutation results that >> were not found even if they were in fact occurring. In order to do good >> transmutation accounting, the testers must do detailed and perfect >> bookkeeping of what elements went into the reaction and account for ALL >> elements and isotopes that come out of the LENR reaction.* >> >> I agree, it's "possible", so let's keep encouraging better analysis and >> see where the chips fall. >> >> John >> >> On Fri, Oct 10, 2014 at 2:22 PM, Axil Axil <[email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Regarding transmutation, >>> >>> >>> >>> Even if Ed Storms discounts transmutation as an LENR energy production >>> mechanism, transmutation is the source of energy in LENR that has >>> showed up in experimental data since 2010 involving some generalized >>> isotopic and elemental changes encompassing some 40 or 50 elements in the >>> light and medium Z range since the Ni/H reactor data has been made >>> available. >>> >>> >>> >>> This way of looking at past experimental transmutation data, there is >>> nothing special about helium, lithium or nickel as the singular source of >>> LENR energy. These elements are just one of a zoo of many possible >>> transmutation reactions based on the particular geometry of the reaction >>> process. >>> >>> >>> >>> Dr. G. Miley and his associate Dr Hora have come up with a theoretical >>> framework for transmutation that is based on the three quark nature of the >>> proton and neutron. This theory predicts that the transmuted elements that >>> we see in LENR will tend to follow the magic and double magic proton and >>> neutron count. >>> >>> >>> >>> From Miley, we would expect to see magic number elements form as a >>> result of nuclear rearrangement when the coulomb barrier is disrupted >>> because they are the most stable nuclei configurations among the elements. >>> >>> >>> >>> Z = 2(He), 8(O), 20(Ca), 28(Ni), 50(Sn), 82(Pb), >>> >>> >>> >>> See >>> >>> *http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics) >>> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic_number_(physics)>* >>> >>> >>> >>> In explanation, the nucleus seems to have seven magic numbers. An atom >>> with a magic number of protons or neutrons is super stable. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> When both the protons and neutrons are magic, that's a double magic >>> atom. There are only seven of them. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> The seven magic numbers are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. (and maybe >>> 184) They are the number of nucleons - which can be either protons or >>> neutrons - you need to fill up the shells found in the atomic nucleus. The >>> completely filled shells cause the atomic nucleus to be more tightly bound >>> together than simple calculations would predict, meaning the magic atoms >>> are unusually stable. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> So, if both the neutrons and protons happen to be magic numbers, the >>> atom is not only extra stable, but its nucleus is also rigidly symmetrical, >>> which is very unusual and helps observers confirm the doubly magic >>> properties of the atom. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> These isotopes - which include helium-4 (2 protons and 2 neutrons, and >>> one of the most abundant isotopes in the universe), lead-208 (82 protons >>> and 126 neutrons, and the heaviest stable atom), and the pair of calcium-48 >>> and nickel-48 (the former has 20 protons and 28 neutrons, while the latter >>> is vice versa). The latest to be discovered is tin-132, which has 50 >>> protons and 82 neutrons. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> These protons and neutrons form proton and neutron lattice layers as >>> follows >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> The magic numbers are then >>> >>> >>> >>> • 2 >>> >>> • 8=2+6 >>> >>> • 20=2+6+12 >>> >>> • 28=2+6+12+8 >>> >>> • 50=2+6+12+8+22 >>> >>> • 82=2+6+12+8+22+32 >>> >>> • 126=2+6+12+8+22+32+44 >>> >>> • 184=2+6+12+8+22+32+44+58 >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Miley and Hora identified that nuclei undergoing a LENR reaction want to >>> stabilize at the highly stable double magic number configuration. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> This is because neutrons want to be paired with protons to form a >>> symmetrical nucleus with perfectly shaped lattice based shells. >>> >>> . >>> >>> >>> >>> Elements with lots of unpaired neutrons like Th232 and U238 would make >>> for great LENR metals. These metals would stabilize at lead 208. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Some nuclides are double-magic, in that the number of protons and >>> neutrons are both magic, such as helium-4, oxygen-16, calcium-40, >>> calcium-48, nickel-48, and lead-208. These isotopes are particularly stable >>> and this is where LENR wants to go. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Hora who is Miley’s collaborator, makes a convincing case that the >>> nucleus conforms to a R (n) (n = 1, 2, 3…) of the Boltzmann probabilities, >>> namely R (n) = 3 to the nth power. This suggests a threefold property of >>> stable configurations at magic numbers in Nuclei, consistent with a quark >>> property. >>> >>> >>> >>> Now, we can use this nuclear engineering background to predict what the >>> LENR ash content will look like when the nucleus is broken down into a >>> quark soup. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> In LENR two concurrent processes are occurring simultaneously: fusion >>> and fission. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Fusion occurs when more than one nucleus is affected in the zone of the >>> reaction. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> The relative strength of these two reactions will reflect the amount of >>> screening that the reactor can produce. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Elements built up by the fusion process will be subsequently >>> disassembled by a fission process. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> But the chances are good that you can expect to see proton magic number >>> elements like helium, calcium, oxygen, nickel, tin and lead appear in the >>> LENR ash because they are proton magic number elements. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Also, you can expect to see Neutron magic number isotopes favored in >>> LENR. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Furthermore thing get more complicated, it is a well-known fact that the >>> lowering of the coulomb barrier in the nucleus can increase the radiation >>> levels of alpha emitters. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> When screening intensity is increased, it is reasonable to expect that >>> other light elements besides Helium(Z=2) will be expelled(aka fission) from >>> the nucleus. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> These are Lithium(Z=3) , Beryllium(Z=4), and Boron(Z=5). >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Also intermediate elements will form that result from the emissions of >>> these light elements like iron, chromium vanadium, titanium, and scandium. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> Sulfur(Z=16) will form from the beryllium(Z=4) emission from >>> calcium(Z=20). >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> The large amount of iron found in the ash products of the Ni/H reaction >>> point to alpha decay of nickel. >>> >>> >>> >>> This transmutation theory developed by Miley and Hora leads me to the >>> conclusion that in TIP3, there has been many transmutation results that >>> were not found even if they were in fact occurring. In order to do good >>> transmutation accounting, the testers must do detailed and perfect >>> bookkeeping of what elements went into the reaction and account for ALL >>> elements and isotopes that come out of the LENR reaction. >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >>> >> >> >
