The total instantaneous power into the system can be calculated by taking the instantaneous source voltage and multiplying it by the instantaneous source current. It does not matter whether you want to call it AC or DC since this is the total that is being delivered. There is no more, regardless of how the load changes resistance.
If you then integrate the instantaneous power over the time period of interest, you get the total energy delivered by that source. The requirement is that you must accurately measure the voltage and current waveforms during the period of interest. If someone can show that the measuring system used by McKubre was not capable of following the waveforms then they might have a valid point. I suspect the Mike knew how to make these measurements in an accurate manner. The skeptics need to demonstrate otherwise. Dave -----Original Message----- From: Alain Sepeda <[email protected]> To: Vortex List <[email protected]> Sent: Fri, Oct 24, 2014 10:47 am Subject: [Vo]:questions on McKubre cells and AC component Barry Kort on Dr bob blog reported challenging critiques of McKubre experiments http://www.drboblog.com/cbs-60-minutes-on-cold-fusion/#comment-37932 maybe some already have the debunking, the correction... i imagien it is addressed: About a year after CBS 60 Minutes aired their episode on Cold Fusion, I followed up with Rob Duncan to explore Richard Garwin’s thesis that McKubre was measuring the input electric power incorrectly. It turns out that McKubre was reckoning only the DC power going into his cells, and assuming (for arcane technical reasons) there could not be any AC power going in, and therefore he didn’t need to measure or include any AC power term in his energy budget model. Together with several other people, I helped work out a model for the omitted AC power term in McKubre’s experimental design. Our model showed that there was measurable and significant AC power, arising from the fluctuations in ohmic resistance as bubbles formed and sloughed off the surface of the palladium electrodes. Our model jibed with both the qualitative and quantitative evidence from McKubre’s reports: 1) McKubre (and others) noted that the excess heat only appeared after the palladium lattice was fully loaded. And that’s precisely when the Faradaic current no longer charges up the lattice, but begins producing gas bubbles on the surfaces of the electrodes. 2) The excess heat in McKubre’s cells was only apparent, significant, and sizable when the Faradaic drive current was elevated to dramatically high levels, thereby increasing the rate at which bubbles were forming and sloughing off the electrodes. 3) The effect was enhanced if the surface of the electrodes was rough rather than polished smooth, so that larger bubbles could form and cling to the rough surface before sloughing off, thereby alternately occluding and exposing somewhat larger fractions of surface area for each bubble. The time-varying resistance arising from the bubbles forming and sloughing off the surface of the electrodes — after the cell was fully loaded, enhanced by elevated Faradaic drive currents and further enhanced by a rough electrode surface — produced measurable and significant AC noise power into the energy budget model that went as the square of the magnitude of the fluctuations in the cell resistance. To a first approximation, a 17% fluctuation in resistance would nominally produce a 3% increase in power, over and above the baseline DC power term. Garwin and Lewis had found that McKubre’s cells were producing about 3% more heat than could be accounted for with his energy measurements, where McKubre was reckoning only the DC power going into his cells, and (incorrectly) assuming there was no AC power that needed to be measured or included in his energy budget model. I suggest slapping an audio VU meter across McKubre’s cell to measure the AC burst noise from the fluctuating resistance. Alternatively use one of McKubre’s constant current power supplies to drive an old style desk telephone with a carbon button microphone. I predict the handset will still function: if you blow into the mouthpiece, you’ll hear it in the earpiece, thereby proving the reality of an AC audio signal riding on top of the DC current.
