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Date : 2017/01/02 12:23
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Old Revision: http://wiki.x2go.org/doku.php/doc:howto:tce?rev=1483358971
New Revision: http://wiki.x2go.org/doku.php/doc:howto:tce
Edit Summary:
User : stefanbaur
@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
During the time of Debian Wheezy being Debian's stable release, we started
developing a new ThinClientEdition (TCE) - one that is based on Debian-Live and
thus does no longer rely on NFS. Instead, the entire image is loaded into the
RAM of the ThinClient machine.
The disadvantage is that your ThinClient now needs at least 1 GB of RAM (see below).
- However, the huge advantage is that there no longer is a need for any high-availibility setup concerning NFS. All you need is an HTTP or FTP server with a
dedicated IP, if you want to use netbooting. It is also possible to deploy the image to
the ThinClient's local storage, if present, and have it update in the background.
Besides, making changes/updating the NFS-based TCE was rather finicky - with the current
TCE, you build and deploy a new image every time you make a change, and you can test it
on a single client without interrupting your production environment. The "local
storage" feature can also be used to create a portable version of both X2Go-TCE and
X2goClient for Windows, sharing the same configuration, on CD/DVD/USB media.
+ However, the huge advantage is that there no longer is a need for any
high-availibility setup concerning NFS. All you need is an HTTP (HTTPS
optional for later stages) or FTP server with a dedicated IP, if you want to
use netbooting. It is also possible to deploy the image to the ThinClient's
local storage, if present, and have it update in the background. Besides,
making changes/updating the
NFS-based TCE was rather finicky - with the current TCE, you build and deploy a new image
every time you make a change, and you can test it on a single client without interrupting
your production environment. The "local storage" feature can also be used to
create a portable version of both X2Go-TCE and X2goClient for Windows, sharing the same
configuration, on CD/DVD/USB media.
We've also received reports that the old NFS-based TCE wouldn't work with Jessie, or at least it was very hard to get it to work.
Our current TCE works just fine with Jessie, and we expect it to work in
Stretch and hopefully in Buster (Stretch+1) as well.
The one catch is that the live-build package in Debian/the Debian-Live project
is currently looking for a new maintainer - so there is a slim chance that
live-build might be removed from Debian Buster, especially if no new maintainer
steps up and the live-build replacement that is currently in the works (called
live-wrapper) contains all the
required functionality of live-build by then.
@@ -144,18 +144,22 @@
===== Netbooting =====
==== Prerequisites ====
* You need an existing DHCP/PXE/TFTP setup with the usual
pxelinux.0/pxelinux.cfg boot and configuration files, and a directory where
kernel and initrd can be stored. This is not covered here, though we might add
a separate howto for that some time later on.
- * You will also need an HTTP/FTP server with a dedicated IP (no name-based
virtual hosts) for the squashfs image.
+ * Note that whoever manages to spoof this server name can deploy rogue
images to your ThinClients. If this is a serious issue for you, consider using
local storage media and the autoupdater instead.
+ * It **might** be possible to already use HTTPS in this early stage when
using iPXE. This is untested.
+ * You will also need an HTTP/HTTPS/FTP server with a dedicated IP (no
name-based virtual hosts) for the squashfs image.
* This image cannot be deployed via TFTP as it
is too large - some TFTP servers refuse to serve files lager than 32MB, and
some TFTP clients have problems with that as well.
* Also, even if you have a TFTP server/client combination that handles
files larger than 32 MB, it will still be waaaay slower than the HTTP/FTP
transfer.
+ * Note that whoever manages to spoof this server name can deploy rogue
images to your ThinClients. If this is a serious issue for you, consider using
local storage media and the autoupdater instead.
+ * It **might** be possible to use HTTPS with the ''fetch='' command.
This is untested.
* Once your setup fulfills all the requirements listed above, go ahead and
build the image using the scripts listed in
[[doc:howto:tce#build_system_prerequisites_for_all_variants|Build system
prerequisites for all variants]] - make sure to choose ''export
LBX2GO_IMAGETYPE='netboot''' (this should be the default)
==== Setting up your own netbootable X2Go-TCE environment ====
=== Adding the
X2Go-TCE files to your Boot and Web Server(s) ===
- This is assuming you already have an existing, working PXE/TFTP and HTTP or FTP server setup.
+ This is assuming you already have an existing, working PXE/TFTP and HTTP
(with optional HTTPS) or FTP server setup.
Once you see the message "Build is done:", go to the directory mentioned there, and copy x2go-tce-vmlinuz and x2go-tce-initrd.img to a suitable subdirectory under your TFTP root.
We suggest using ./x2go-tce.
@@ -169,18 +173,18 @@
tftp> quit
</code>
</note>
- Next, copy x2go-tce-filesystem.squashfs from the directory mentioned after "Build is done:" to a suitable subdirectory under your HTTP or FTP root.
+ Next, copy x2go-tce-filesystem.squashfs from the directory mentioned after "Build
is done:" to a suitable subdirectory under your HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP root.
We suggest using ./x2go-tce.
- <note tip>To verify that both your installation in general and the newly copied file are reachable via
HTTP or FTP, use an HTTP/FTP client - we suggest wget - and perform these steps:
+ <note tip>To verify that both your installation in general and the newly
copied file are reachable via HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP, use an HTTP/HTTPS/FTP client - we
suggest wget - and perform these steps:
<code> cd $(mktemp -d)
wget -Y off http://your-http-server-ip-here/
wget -Y off
http://your-http-server-ip-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce-filesystem.squashfs
</code>
- In case of an FTP URL, replace http with ftp in the example above.
+ In case of an FTP URL, replace http with ftp in the example above. Same goes
for https when trying to get that to work with iPXE.
**Note that you MUST use an IP address. X2Go-TCE WILL NOT WORK with a DNS name, even though this test here will accept IPs and DNS names alike. The only exception is when a template actually spells out that you should input a DNS name.**
</note>
@@ -188,9 +192,9 @@
Again, this is assuming you already have an existing, working PXE/TFTP
server setup.
* Change to the pxelinux.cfg directory in your tftproot.
* create a file x2go-tce there, using the template below and adjusting it to
your needs
* options ending in "=de" and "=de_DE.UTF-8" should be set to match your
desired country/locale setting
- * options containing "http://your-http-server-ip-here"; should be replaced
with the proper HTTP or FTP URL for your server
+ * options containing "http://your-http-server-ip-here"; should be replaced
with the proper HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, or, where mentioned as an alternative, rsync URL for
your server
* where it says FURTHER-OPTIONS-GO-HERE, you can (must!) add one or more of the
options explained below. All options are separated from the next option using a single
blank (space bar), just like the options before that placeholder. **DO NOT** use
newlines. All "APPEND" options must be on **one and the same** line.
<note tip>To have different hostnames for each thin client:
* assign DNS names for your
thin clients
@@ -222,14 +226,14 @@
=== What options are available under FURTHER-OPTIONS-GO-HERE? ===
These two are mutually exclusive, i.e. never put both of them in the same config:
- *
''sessionsurl=http://your-http-server-ip-or-dns-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce.sessions''
- use this to specify a sessions file. You need this unless you are using a
session broker. See below for how to add this file to your HTTP or FTP server.
+ *
''sessionsurl=http://your-http-server-ip-or-dns-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce.sessions''
- use this to specify a sessions file. You need this unless you are using a
session broker. See below for how to add this file to your HTTP, HTTPS, or FTP
server. Note that whoever manages to spoof the server name can inject rogue
session config files into your ThinClients. To mitigate this risk, use HTTPS,
where the attacker would have to spoof both server name and matching
certificate.
* ''broker-url=ssh:<nowiki>//</nowiki>your-broker-address-here'' - this
allows you to specify an X2Go Session Broker instead of a sessions file (not
limited to an ssh-based broker, works with an http-based broker as well)
These are entirely optional:
* ''xorg-resolution=HRESxVRES'' - will force the horizontal resolution to
HRES and the vertical resolution to VRES, e.g. ''xorg-resolution=1280x1024'',
useful if autodetection for the correct screen size fails, but you do get as
far as seeing the X2Go GUI
- *
''xorgconfurl=tftp|http|https|ftp://your-http-server-ip-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce.xorg.conf''
- when a client outright refuses to boot into the graphical X2Go login screen,
but gets stuck at the console or a black screen instead, yet you can get the
GUI to work using a regular Linux on the same hardware, you can disable the X
Server's autodetection and force it to use the xorg.conf specified here. Note
that you should use a more descriptive name for the file, as described below.
+ *
''xorgconfurl=tftp|http|https|ftp://your-http-server-ip-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce.xorg.conf''
- when a client outright refuses to boot into the graphical X2Go login screen,
but gets stuck at the console or a black screen instead, yet you can get the
GUI to work using a regular Linux on the same hardware, you can disable the X
Server's autodetection and force it to use the xorg.conf specified here. Note
that you should use a more descriptive name for the file, as described below.
Also note that whoever manages to spoof the server name can inject rogue xorg
config files into your ThinClients. To mitigate this risk, use HTTPS, where
the attacker would have to spoof both server name and matching certificate.
*
''pubkey=tftp|http|https|ftp://your-http-server-ip-or-dns-here/x2go-tce/x2go-tce.authorized_keys''
- Allows you to add an ssh public key file to the ThinClient, so your
administrators can log in remotely using SSH. Note that this file needs to be
chmodded 644, not 600, on the
web server. **Attention: Whoever manages to spoof this server name will have
root access to your ThinClients. Using HTTPS will mitigate this - an attacker
would not only have to spoof the server name, but also the matching
certificate.**
* ''xinerama=left-of|right-of|above|below|same-as'' - Allows you to specify how
multiple screens are handled (same-as clones the primary screen to all secondary screens,
the other commands will cascade and thus expand the screen). Note that the current
implementation will enforce "same-as" if it detects a touch screen driver
(wacom) and no other pointing device. This is so you won't get stuck being unable to log
off, for example, due to your touch device being limited to one screen.
* ''ldap=ldap.example.com:389:cn=cngoeshere,dc=example,dc=com'' - this
allows you to specify an LDAP server to authenticate against
* ''ldap1=ldap-backupserver-1.example.com:389'' - this allows you to specify
the first of up to two LDAP backup servers when
using LDAP authentication
@@ -241,9 +245,9 @@
* ''tcpprint'' - Will allow you to use local LPT/USB printers like "dumb" network
printers (listening to port 9100 and above). Requires MAC->IP mapping in DHCP server (and
optionally, DNS->IP mapping), or static IPs - else your print jobs will end up on random
devices. This setup is preferred over the X2GoClient's built-in printing for locally attached
printers if X2GoServer and ThinClients are on the same network. It is not recommended when your
X2Go connection goes across the internet or when the ThinClient is actually a laptop roaming
between different networks.
* ''tcpprintonlyfrom=x.x.x.x'' - Will allow you to specify which IP address may connect to Port 9100 and above for printing to a locally attached LPT/USB printer. This should be the IP of your CUPS server or whatever print server system you use. Understands the same syntax as xinetd's ''only_from''.
These are //not yet implemented//, but planned for a future
release, and only intended to be used with TCE images stored on local media:
- *
''updateurl=rsync|http|ftp://your-http-server-ip-or-dns-here/path-to-update-files''
- Will allow you to update an image in the background when using local storage
instead of PXE. Download task will start at a randomized interval to avoid
unintentional dDOSing of the update server/network infrastructure. The updater
will even work when using NTFS for local storage, but only if the //toram//
boot option is used. Regardless of NTFS or not, the updater requires three
directories: ''/boot/live1, /boot/live2, /boot/live-download''
+ *
''updateurl=rsync|https|http|ftp://your-http-server-ip-or-dns-here/path-to-update-files''
- Will allow you to update an image in the background when using local storage
instead of PXE. Download task will start at a randomized interval to avoid
unintentional dDOSing of the update server/network infrastructure. The updater
will even work when using NTFS for local storage, but
only if the //toram// boot option is used. Regardless of NTFS or not, the updater requires three directories: ''/boot/live1, /boot/live2, /boot/live-download'' **Attention:** Whoever manages to spoof the server name can deploy rogue images to your ThinClients. Even though it is slower, using an HTTPS web server is the safer way of doing this. Be sure that your web server delivers a last-modified header for all files.
* ''updatesleep=nnnnn'' - Will allow you to specify the upper limit (in seconds) of the update timer's randomizer. Allowed range: 121-32767. Will default to 900 if unset or set to an out-of-range value.
* ''bwlimit=nnn'' - Will allow you to specify a bandwidth limit (valid
values: 1-100) in percent for the backgrounded update task.
* ''ntfs-uuid='' - Will be required for updating images stored on NTFS filesystems.
Full UUID as shown under /dev/disk/by-uuid/ is preferred, but can work with the volume
serial number shown in the output of "vol c:" as well.
@@ -563,9 +567,9 @@
hosts allow = 192.168.0.0/255.255.0.0
# change this to your local subnet(s)
</file>
* after you have prepared all this, execute ''service rsync start''
- * Note that whoever manages to spoof the server name can inject rogue images to your ThinClients. Even though it is slower, using an HTTPS web server is the safer way of doing this. Be sure that your web server delivers a last-modified header for all files.
+ * Note that whoever manages to spoof the server name can deploy rogue images to your ThinClients. Even though it is slower, using an HTTPS web server is the safer way of doing this. Be sure that your web server delivers a last-modified header for all files.
FIXME Some of the optional steps above could be moved to a separate subpage to reduce clutter.
FIXME The steps for the build process could probably streamlined into an x2go-tcebuilder.deb Debian package
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