RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Jones, If this is occurring, only incontrovertible proof from Rossi's reactor will convince the Physic establishment. No discussion will. Also, if it is happening, them multiple, different phenomena are probably operating in LENR phenomena, i.e., no conservation of miracles Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from Mills' CQM; and this particular Rydberg hole was identified by him 20 years ago. It all fits together elegantly in the HotCat, but that fit alone does not make it correct. The thermal gain in this hypothesis would be derived from electrons, and from lost orbital angular momentum- and thus, the gain is not nuclear and not exactly chemical. There could be a nuclear nexus (magnons), but we do not need it for the simplest explanation. In the past we have called this supra-chemical. It provides about 200 times more energy than burning hydrogen in oxygen, with the by-product (ash) being the lost hydrogen. The active atom is effectively lost insofar as its atomic volume has decreased 64^3 or well over 250,000:1. The ash of the reaction cannot be contained, if it were not magnetic. Hydrogen seems to disappear but in fact it has shrunk down in effective volume to a state where its increased magnetic susceptibility can draw it deep into the valence cloud of a ferromagnetic atom (nickel). The fractional hydrogen (f/H) having given up its angular momentum energy then becomes bound to such an extent that when tested - in mass spectrometers, much of what is really a molecule (Ni-H) will look exactly like mass-29, which is copper, instead of mass-28 which is nickel. This is probably why Rossi and Focardi mistakenly assumed that nickel was being converted into copper, even though there was no radioactivity. The strong bonding of Ni with f/H will confuse many mass spectrometers, and it fooled Focardi into thinking that there was more copper in the ash than there really was. _ It might be informative for any of us who have an interest in coherent or semi-coherent emission and absorption in the optical spectrum (or lower), to take this idea further - and try to find actual parameters for a stimulated lasing regime which on paper could be active inside the stainless tube of the HotCat. A good place to start is chemisorption. Can we supersize it? Such an outcome could be inadvertent (on Rossi's part) and it could be quasi coherent, in the sense of superradiant. And the
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Axil, Yes, it is a good overview of plasmonics. Since you have posted several times on charge/field focusing phenomena, you may be interested in the following recent paper - From self-focusing light beams to femtosecond laser pulse filamentation http://iopscience.iop.org/1063-7869/56/2/123/ This is another way charge and em-field energy is concentrated in gases and solids. Possibly relevant to some LENR experiments. -- Lou Pagnucco Axil wrote: This is a good start, IMHO. http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=nanoplasmonicssource=webcd=3cad=rjaved=0CD4QFjACurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fstockman%2Fdata%2FStockman_Phys_Today_2011_Physics_behind_Applications.pdfei=f52zUduoF8fF0QGttIGgAgusg=AFQjCNHdcmFaRe9tfcLMzk1V8uwPQ8OvXAbvm=bv.47534661,d.dmQ [...]
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Researchers in the US are the first to use single fluorescent dye molecules to probe the local electromagnetic fields inside nanoscale hotspots on metal surfaces. The imaging technique can identify structures as small as just 15 nm across with a resolution of less than 2 nm – which is much smaller than conventional optical microscopes can achieve. When light is shone onto nanostructured metallic surfaces, such as those made from gold or silver, hotspots of concentrated light can appear where the electromagnetic field is very intense. Scientists have known about this surface enhancement for over 30 years and have used the effect in techniques like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to image very small samples of molecules and even single molecules. Despite the success of the method, however, scientists struggled to measure the size of these hotspots and how they enhanced spectroscopic measurements. There are two challenges when it comes to probing the hotspots. First, a hotspot is randomly located on the surface of a metal and is therefore very difficult to find. Second, a hotspot is smaller than the wavelength of visible light and so cannot be detected by an ordinary optical microscope, which normally cannot focus light to a spot smaller than half the wavelength of light – something known as the diffraction limit. More sophisticated imaging techniques, like near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) are not up to the job either because they are limited by the size of their probes. Ideal probes Now, Xiang Zhang and colleagues at the University of California at Berkeley have overcome these problems by using single molecules, which the team believes are ideal probes for getting inside hotspots because they are smaller than a nanometre across. The scientists begin by putting a sample – a rough metal film or metal nanoparticle clusters deposited on a quartz surface – in a fluorescent dye solution and allow the dye molecules to randomly adsorb onto the surface of the sample. The molecules disperse naturally in this way via Brownian motion. When the sample is then illuminated with a laser beam, many hotspots appear on the surface as expected. By adjusting the concentration of the dye, the researchers ensure that, on average, only one dye molecule arrives at a hotspot at a time. When a single dye molecule binds to a hotspot, its fluorescence is greatly increased and it appears as a bright spot whose intensity can be measured to calculate the level of light enhancement. In this way, the team can obtain an image of the fluorescent enhancement profile of a single hotspot as small as 15 nm across with an accuracy of 1–2 nm. The team found that the light's field strength decays exponentially from the hotspot peak. This result had been predicted by simulations before but never directly measured in an experiment until now. 'Perfect tool' Our technique could be used to study light–matter interactions in a variety of nanostructures and materials, including nanoparticles, films and wires, team member Hu Cang said. It is the perfect tool to help design nano-optics devices and materials to control the flow of light at the nanoscale. He added that the hotspots could also be used to boost the sensitivity of biosensors, for example in single-molecule DNA sequencing by focusing the light to a single molecule and substantially suppressing the background noise. They might also help to improve the efficiency of solar-energy devices by concentrating light to the nanometre-sized active sites in these devices where light is converted into chemical energy or electricity. The team says that it would now like to correlate its measurements with the morphology of the metal film and nanoparticle clusters measured using electron microscopes. With the help of computer simulations, we hope to figure out how these hotspots defy the diffraction limit of light and concentrate light energy into such a small space. Looking for a lower limit And last but not least, no theory has yet predicted how small these hotspots can be so the researchers are busy examining other materials like silicon and titanium oxide in the hope of finding even smaller ones. Single-molecule imaging – or super-resolution fluorescence microscopy – was named 'method of the year' in 2008 by the journal *Nature Methods*. It has so far been used to primarily image biological samples, but we have shown that it can easily and successfully be extended to other areas, added Cang. On Sat, Jun 8, 2013 at 5:11 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: This is a good start, IMHO. http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=nanoplasmonicssource=webcd=3cad=rjaved=0CD4QFjACurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fstockman%2Fdata%2FStockman_Phys_Today_2011_Physics_behind_Applications.pdfei=f52zUduoF8fF0QGttIGgAgusg=AFQjCNHdcmFaRe9tfcLMzk1V8uwPQ8OvXAbvm=bv.47534661,d.dmQ On Sat, Jun 8, 2013 at 4:14 PM, pagnu...@htdconnect.com wrote:
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
The conservation of miracles mainly implies that the subject is not understood properly at this point in time. How many of these miracles were needed to make the first transistor? I am always amused by the lack of incite expressed by the extreme skeptic responses shown by closed minded individuals. It seems they believe that they understand everything about the world and nothing new will ever arise. My money is on the bet that there is far more to learn about science than we currently understand. It appears that we are going to have to rely upon an engineer such as Rossi to open the channels. First the working device and then a working understanding is the order for the day. Lets hope that there is not too much time separating these components. Dave -Original Message- From: pagnucco pagnu...@htdconnect.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Jun 10, 2013 4:46 pm Subject: RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers Jones, If this is occurring, only incontrovertible proof from Rossi's reactor will convince the Physic establishment. No discussion will. Also, if it is happening, them multiple, different phenomena are probably operating in LENR phenomena, i.e., no conservation of miracles Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from Mills' CQM; and this particular Rydberg hole was identified by him 20 years ago. It all fits together elegantly in the HotCat, but that fit alone does not make it correct. The thermal gain in this hypothesis would be derived from electrons, and from lost orbital angular momentum- and thus, the gain is not nuclear and not exactly chemical. There could be a nuclear nexus (magnons), but we do not need it for the simplest explanation. In the past we have called this supra-chemical. It provides about 200 times more energy than burning hydrogen in oxygen, with the by-product (ash) being the lost hydrogen. The active atom is effectively lost insofar as its atomic volume has decreased 64^3 or well over 250,000:1. The ash of the reaction cannot be contained, if it were not magnetic. Hydrogen seems to disappear but in fact it has shrunk down in effective volume to a state where its increased magnetic susceptibility can draw it deep into the valence cloud of a ferromagnetic atom (nickel). The fractional hydrogen (f/H) having given up its angular momentum energy then becomes bound to such an extent that when tested - in mass spectrometers, much of what is really a molecule (Ni-H) will look exactly like mass-29, which is copper, instead
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
here is a free copy: http://www.cpht.polytechnique.fr/cpth/couairon/publications/B03CouaironSF06.pdf On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 4:57 PM, pagnu...@htdconnect.com wrote: Axil, Yes, it is a good overview of plasmonics. Since you have posted several times on charge/field focusing phenomena, you may be interested in the following recent paper - From self-focusing light beams to femtosecond laser pulse filamentation http://iopscience.iop.org/1063-7869/56/2/123/ This is another way charge and em-field energy is concentrated in gases and solids. Possibly relevant to some LENR experiments. -- Lou Pagnucco Axil wrote: This is a good start, IMHO. http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=nanoplasmonicssource=webcd=3cad=rjaved=0CD4QFjACurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fstockman%2Fdata%2FStockman_Phys_Today_2011_Physics_behind_Applications.pdfei=f52zUduoF8fF0QGttIGgAgusg=AFQjCNHdcmFaRe9tfcLMzk1V8uwPQ8OvXAbvm=bv.47534661,d.dmQ [...]
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
It is possible to deduce the cause of disease as a result of the actions of parasitic animals and plants so small they cannot be seen by the naked eye. The invention of the microscope makes the study of these small creatures easier to believe in and to see how they cause disease. The advancement of knowledge is always accompanied by the development of experimental technology that verifies the concepts that are born in the imagination of the terrorists. On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 5:16 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: The conservation of miracles mainly implies that the subject is not understood properly at this point in time. How many of these miracles were needed to make the first transistor? I am always amused by the lack of incite expressed by the extreme skeptic responses shown by closed minded individuals. It seems they believe that they understand everything about the world and nothing new will ever arise. My money is on the bet that there is far more to learn about science than we currently understand. It appears that we are going to have to rely upon an engineer such as Rossi to open the channels. First the working device and then a working understanding is the order for the day. Lets hope that there is not too much time separating these components. Dave -Original Message- From: pagnucco pagnu...@htdconnect.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Jun 10, 2013 4:46 pm Subject: RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers Jones, If this is occurring, only incontrovertible proof from Rossi's reactor will convince the Physic establishment. No discussion will. Also, if it is happening, them multiple, different phenomena are probably operating in LENR phenomena, i.e., no conservation of miracles Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from Mills' CQM; and this particular Rydberg hole was identified by him 20 years ago. It all fits together elegantly in the HotCat, but that fit alone does not make it correct. The thermal gain in this hypothesis would be derived from electrons, and from lost orbital angular momentum- and thus, the gain is not nuclear and not exactly chemical. There could be a nuclear nexus (magnons), but we do not need it for the simplest explanation. In the past we have called this supra-chemical. It provides about 200 times more energy than burning hydrogen in oxygen, with the by-product (ash) being the lost hydrogen. The active atom is effectively
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Replace terrorists with theorists. On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 5:27 PM, Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com wrote: It is possible to deduce the cause of disease as a result of the actions of parasitic animals and plants so small they cannot be seen by the naked eye. The invention of the microscope makes the study of these small creatures easier to believe in and to see how they cause disease. The advancement of knowledge is always accompanied by the development of experimental technology that verifies the concepts that are born in the imagination of the terrorists. On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 5:16 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.comwrote: The conservation of miracles mainly implies that the subject is not understood properly at this point in time. How many of these miracles were needed to make the first transistor? I am always amused by the lack of incite expressed by the extreme skeptic responses shown by closed minded individuals. It seems they believe that they understand everything about the world and nothing new will ever arise. My money is on the bet that there is far more to learn about science than we currently understand. It appears that we are going to have to rely upon an engineer such as Rossi to open the channels. First the working device and then a working understanding is the order for the day. Lets hope that there is not too much time separating these components. Dave -Original Message- From: pagnucco pagnu...@htdconnect.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Jun 10, 2013 4:46 pm Subject: RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers Jones, If this is occurring, only incontrovertible proof from Rossi's reactor will convince the Physic establishment. No discussion will. Also, if it is happening, them multiple, different phenomena are probably operating in LENR phenomena, i.e., no conservation of miracles Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from Mills' CQM; and this particular Rydberg hole was identified by him 20 years ago. It all fits together elegantly in the HotCat, but that fit alone does not make it correct. The thermal gain in this hypothesis would be derived from electrons, and from lost orbital angular momentum- and thus, the gain is not nuclear and not exactly chemical. There could be a nuclear nexus (magnons), but we do not need it for the simplest explanation. In the past we have called this supra-chemical. It provides about 200 times more energy than
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Yes, instrumentation advances almost always lead to new discoveries. That is one reason I tend to generally favor the placing into orbit of new types of telescopes. Very few can anticipate the amazing observations that arise. I worry that one day someone will come to the conclusion that the cost of new advancements outweighs the rewards to be gained. The funny part is that one of the new discoveries might answer many unknowns in science. The new pieces might then fall into place that solve pressing issues we face. No one knows ahead of time. Dave -Original Message- From: Axil Axil janap...@gmail.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Jun 10, 2013 5:27 pm Subject: Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers It is possible to deduce the causeof disease as a result of the actions of parasitic animals and plants so small theycannot be seen by the naked eye. The invention of themicroscope makes the study of these small creatures easier to believe in and tosee how they cause disease. The advancement of knowledgeis always accompanied by the development of experimental technology that verifiesthe concepts that are born in the imagination of the terrorists. On Mon, Jun 10, 2013 at 5:16 PM, David Roberson dlrober...@aol.com wrote: The conservation of miracles mainly implies that the subject is not understood properly at this point in time. How many of these miracles were needed to make the first transistor? I am always amused by the lack of incite expressed by the extreme skeptic responses shown by closed minded individuals. It seems they believe that they understand everything about the world and nothing new will ever arise. My money is on the bet that there is far more to learn about science than we currently understand. It appears that we are going to have to rely upon an engineer such as Rossi to open the channels. First the working device and then a working understanding is the order for the day. Lets hope that there is not too much time separating these components. Dave -Original Message- From: pagnucco pagnu...@htdconnect.com To: vortex-l vortex-l@eskimo.com Sent: Mon, Jun 10, 2013 4:46 pm Subject: RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers Jones, If this is occurring, only incontrovertible proof from Rossi's reactor will convince the Physic establishment. No discussion will. Also, if it is happening, them multiple, different phenomena are probably operating in LENR phenomena, i.e., no conservation of miracles Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Hi, On 9-6-2013 17:56, Jones Beene wrote: The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. I wouldn't be surprised at all if the underlying principle of resonance applied to cold fusion (or whatever name like LENR, CANR, etc. you want to give it) is possibly essentially the same effect which occurs for hot fusion. The major difference is currently in the scale of these experiments. While the devices created by Andrea are small and reasonably manageable, at the same time the contraptions build by Iter e.a. for Hot fusion are huge and essentially not manageable any more. May be it would be a good idea if the socalled Hot fusion scientists would get to their senses and follow the paradigm of less (i.e. small) is more. Kind regards, Rob
RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
The observation that the Rossi HotCat could be operating as a crude resonator tube - may not have struck a chord with everyone here... at least not yet. Understandable - since it may not be readily apparent how that benefits the situation, even if true. However, methinks the idea of a coherent resonator will catch-on eventually, especially if Rossi's public success continues with the HotCat. This new regime seems like a major breakthrough to me, and that image of the glowing tube is very powerful. It is no wonder that careful Swedish scientists were willing to go out on a limb in their paper. Consequently, for future reference, here are a couple of more thoughts on the subject of a harmonic thermal resonator and how it could be involved in net thermal gain. A parametric oscillator is a harmonic oscillator whose dynamic motion seems to be greatly amplified by comparatively small input. A common example of the parametric oscillator is a child on a playground swing, where the torque expressed by the swing seems much greater than the physical exertion to keep it going. In microwave electronics, a precise waveguide cavity as the parametric oscillator component will convert RF into coherency - thus a maser. This could be a decent analogy to the HotCat, especially if RF is indeed detected at some future point, and especially if it is at the 21 cm line (or a harmonic). Another example is the OPO, or optical parametric oscillator. Furthermore, there is no reason why a maser and an OPO (in the IR spectrum) could not be combined into a single harmonic device, such as a tube in which thermal input (in the infrared) and RF combine to give an amplified internal resonance and coherence. But so what? ... one might ask. Needless to say, it gets more complicated than just amplification or coherency. Of course, any such device (can we call it MIRPO for maser-IR parametric oscillator?) would not be gainful in itself, but the amplification could operate to produce coherent Rydberg energy quanta, and hydrogen has amenable lines for this. When we look at hydrogen lines, we see two of them in the IR which can serve to pump an isomer of hydrogen into deep ground-state redundancy and then there is the famous microwave line. However, the gain would most likely derive from soft x-rays at a much higher Rydberg multiple - particularly at the nickel hole of 300 eV. This hypothesis is not Millsean but is derived from Mills' CQM; and this particular Rydberg hole was identified by him 20 years ago. It all fits together elegantly in the HotCat, but that fit alone does not make it correct. The thermal gain in this hypothesis would be derived from electrons, and from lost orbital angular momentum- and thus, the gain is not nuclear and not exactly chemical. There could be a nuclear nexus (magnons), but we do not need it for the simplest explanation. In the past we have called this supra-chemical. It provides about 200 times more energy than burning hydrogen in oxygen, with the by-product (ash) being the lost hydrogen. The active atom is effectively lost insofar as its atomic volume has decreased 64^3 or well over 250,000:1. The ash of the reaction cannot be contained, if it were not magnetic. Hydrogen seems to disappear but in fact it has shrunk down in effective volume to a state where its increased magnetic susceptibility can draw it deep into the valence cloud of a ferromagnetic atom (nickel). The fractional hydrogen (f/H) having given up its angular momentum energy then becomes bound to such an extent that when tested - in mass spectrometers, much of what is really a molecule (Ni-H) will look exactly like mass-29, which is copper, instead of mass-28 which is nickel. This is probably why Rossi and Focardi mistakenly assumed that nickel was being converted into copper, even though there was no radioactivity. The strong bonding of Ni with f/H will confuse many mass spectrometers, and it fooled Focardi into thinking that there was more copper in the ash than there really was. _ It might be informative for any of us who have an interest in coherent or semi-coherent emission and absorption in the optical spectrum (or lower), to take this idea further - and try to find actual parameters for a stimulated lasing regime which on paper could be active inside the stainless tube of the HotCat. A good place to start is chemisorption. Can we supersize it? Such an outcome could be inadvertent (on Rossi's part) and it could be quasi coherent, in the sense of superradiant. And the purpose is not to produce a beam per se- but to produce an internal resonance for thermal gain via a photon positive feedback of some type. Here is a paper on optical pumping of an IR laser http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1006553 Thermal input alone can in
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
In reply to Jones Beene's message of Sun, 9 Jun 2013 08:56:37 -0700: Hi, [snip] Hydrogen seems to disappear but in fact it has shrunk down in effective volume to a state where its increased magnetic susceptibility can draw it deep into the valence cloud of a ferromagnetic atom (nickel). The fractional hydrogen (f/H) having given up its angular momentum energy then becomes bound to such an extent that when tested - in mass spectrometers, much of what is really a molecule (Ni-H) will look exactly like mass-29, which is copper, instead of mass-28 which is nickel. [snip] This isn't quite right. e.g. 62Ni has a mass of 62, but a charge of 28. 63Cu has a mass of 63 and a charge of 29. 1) If you add a shrunken H to Ni, then you add a neutral particle, so the mass increases, but the charge remains the same. IOW it would look like 63Ni, but would not be radioactive. 2) If you somehow manage to add a lone proton (rather than a shrunken H atom) to an inner electron shell of the Ni, then you increase both mass and charge, so the resultant atom would look much like 63Cu. Chemically identical, but fractionally heavier (because the proton has excess mass which hasn't been lost in a nuclear reaction). 3) If you add something along the lines of Hydrinohydride (i.e. a negative ion), then overall charge neutrality demands that an electron be ejected, so you end up with a pseudo nucleus with a mass that is heavier by one, but with a charge that is less by one. I.e. in this case it would look like 63Co (Chemistry SIMS - but slightly heavier ), but would not be radioactive. Regards, Robin van Spaandonk http://rvanspaa.freehostia.com/project.html
RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Lou, It might be informative for any of us who have an interest in coherent or semi-coherent emission and absorption in the optical spectrum (or lower), to take this idea further - and try to find actual parameters for a stimulated lasing regime which on paper could be active inside the stainless tube of the HotCat. A good place to start is chemisorption. Can we supersize it? Such an outcome could be inadvertent (on Rossi's part) and it could be quasi coherent, in the sense of superradiant. And the purpose is not to produce a beam per se- but to produce an internal resonance for thermal gain via a photon positive feedback of some type. Here is a paper on optical pumping of an IR laser http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1006553 Thermal input alone can in principle provide the IR light needed by the lasing medium, which we could presume as a starting argument is a hydrogen based molecule. However, the input of HotCat would surely be limited to a long wavelength based on 800 degree C thermal radiation unless it comes from a chemical reaction triggered by that thermal input. If the gain is related to a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy, then there are only a few frequencies of interest in this range. In the paper above, experiments are performed on a optically pumped KF or hydrogen fluoride laser. Rotation-vibration transitions in the (2,0) band around 1.3 micrometers are pumped, and lasing is observed on (2,1) band transitions near 2.7 micrometers. As fate would have it, a transition of interest in chemisorption known reactions happens to be in this same micron range. That is the hydrogen-copper system. It has a large activation energy of .35 to .85 eV. which includes two Rydberg whole fractions. The vibrational excitation of the hydrogen molecule is known to promote dissociation on low index surfaces of copper and copper nickel. As it turns out, .85 eV is a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy and along with .425 eV would be of interest as the active semi-coherent radiation spectra capable of the ultimate goal - sequential pumping protons lodged in nickel into deeply redundant ground states ... where gain comes from conversion of electron angular momentum into energy. No nuclear transitions are required for this. Jones -Original Message- From: pagnu...@htdconnect.com Perhaps, this early e-catworld report is relevant - Report From Visitor to Defkalion http://www.e-catworld.com/2012/03/report-from-visitor-to-defkalion/ Excerpt: ...I was told that they were trying to actually see what happens in their device with some glass with a melting point of 1500 deg C. They saw it light up like the sun and then it melted the glass. This just took a second or two. I was told what their working theory was, but they really don't know what is going on. They have brought in several academics with a myriad of explanations ... A new arxiv paper, possibly related to missing LENR em-emissions - Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering ABSTRACT: Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N^2... Structures that super-radiate must also have enhanced absorption... Robert Dicke is one of the true heroes of Modern Science. He is not generally credited with inventing the laser but in 1956 Dicke filed a patent entitled Molecular Amplification Generation Systems and Methods with a claim for an infrared laser. Townes usually gets the credit, but his patent was not filed until 1958. B.V. Zhdanov has done extensive work on potassium lasers, so we know this is possible. There is a pretty good chance that the Rossi HotCat is a resonant IR device using potassium stimulated emission, which may involve superabsorption and superradiance. This could be a photon chain reaction of some type. attachment: winmail.dat
RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Jones, This is a worthy project. I am still trying to re-learn the optical physics I forgot years ago. So, I cannot add much input yet, but if LENR is real, probably some kinds of coherent phenomena are involved. If I have any insights, I will post them later. Also, if you have references for electron spin-to-work conversion, please post URLs of any available online papers. BTW, here is a paper on super-/sub-radiance that generalizes the phenomenon to entangled systems larger than wave-length size - Quantum interference initiated super- and subradiant emission from entangled atoms http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2989 -- Lou Pagnucco Jones Beene wrote: It might be informative for any of us who have an interest in coherent or semi-coherent emission and absorption in the optical spectrum (or lower), to take this idea further - and try to find actual parameters for a stimulated lasing regime which on paper could be active inside the stainless tube of the HotCat. A good place to start is chemisorption. Can we supersize it? Such an outcome could be inadvertent (on Rossi's part) and it could be quasi coherent, in the sense of superradiant. And the purpose is not to produce a beam per se- but to produce an internal resonance for thermal gain via a photon positive feedback of some type. Here is a paper on optical pumping of an IR laser http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1006553 Thermal input alone can in principle provide the IR light needed by the lasing medium, which we could presume as a starting argument is a hydrogen based molecule. However, the input of HotCat would surely be limited to a long wavelength based on 800 degree C thermal radiation unless it comes from a chemical reaction triggered by that thermal input. If the gain is related to a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy, then there are only a few frequencies of interest in this range. In the paper above, experiments are performed on a optically pumped KF or hydrogen fluoride laser. Rotation-vibration transitions in the (2,0) band around 1.3 micrometers are pumped, and lasing is observed on (2,1) band transitions near 2.7 micrometers. As fate would have it, a transition of interest in chemisorption known reactions happens to be in this same micron range. That is the hydrogen-copper system. It has a large activation energy of .35 to .85 eV. which includes two Rydberg whole fractions. The vibrational excitation of the hydrogen molecule is known to promote dissociation on low index surfaces of copper and copper nickel. As it turns out, .85 eV is a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy and along with .425 eV would be of interest as the active semi-coherent radiation spectra capable of the ultimate goal - sequential pumping protons lodged in nickel into deeply redundant ground states ... where gain comes from conversion of electron angular momentum into energy. No nuclear transitions are required for this. [...]
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
This is a good start, IMHO. http://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=nanoplasmonicssource=webcd=3cad=rjaved=0CD4QFjACurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.phy-astr.gsu.edu%2Fstockman%2Fdata%2FStockman_Phys_Today_2011_Physics_behind_Applications.pdfei=f52zUduoF8fF0QGttIGgAgusg=AFQjCNHdcmFaRe9tfcLMzk1V8uwPQ8OvXAbvm=bv.47534661,d.dmQ On Sat, Jun 8, 2013 at 4:14 PM, pagnu...@htdconnect.com wrote: Jones, This is a worthy project. I am still trying to re-learn the optical physics I forgot years ago. So, I cannot add much input yet, but if LENR is real, probably some kinds of coherent phenomena are involved. If I have any insights, I will post them later. Also, if you have references for electron spin-to-work conversion, please post URLs of any available online papers. BTW, here is a paper on super-/sub-radiance that generalizes the phenomenon to entangled systems larger than wave-length size - Quantum interference initiated super- and subradiant emission from entangled atoms http://arxiv.org/abs/1104.2989 -- Lou Pagnucco Jones Beene wrote: It might be informative for any of us who have an interest in coherent or semi-coherent emission and absorption in the optical spectrum (or lower), to take this idea further - and try to find actual parameters for a stimulated lasing regime which on paper could be active inside the stainless tube of the HotCat. A good place to start is chemisorption. Can we supersize it? Such an outcome could be inadvertent (on Rossi's part) and it could be quasi coherent, in the sense of superradiant. And the purpose is not to produce a beam per se- but to produce an internal resonance for thermal gain via a photon positive feedback of some type. Here is a paper on optical pumping of an IR laser http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1006553 Thermal input alone can in principle provide the IR light needed by the lasing medium, which we could presume as a starting argument is a hydrogen based molecule. However, the input of HotCat would surely be limited to a long wavelength based on 800 degree C thermal radiation unless it comes from a chemical reaction triggered by that thermal input. If the gain is related to a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy, then there are only a few frequencies of interest in this range. In the paper above, experiments are performed on a optically pumped KF or hydrogen fluoride laser. Rotation-vibration transitions in the (2,0) band around 1.3 micrometers are pumped, and lasing is observed on (2,1) band transitions near 2.7 micrometers. As fate would have it, a transition of interest in chemisorption known reactions happens to be in this same micron range. That is the hydrogen-copper system. It has a large activation energy of .35 to .85 eV. which includes two Rydberg whole fractions. The vibrational excitation of the hydrogen molecule is known to promote dissociation on low index surfaces of copper and copper nickel. As it turns out, .85 eV is a whole fraction of the Rydberg energy and along with .425 eV would be of interest as the active semi-coherent radiation spectra capable of the ultimate goal - sequential pumping protons lodged in nickel into deeply redundant ground states ... where gain comes from conversion of electron angular momentum into energy. No nuclear transitions are required for this. [...]
Re: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
This very new paper is a great find for LENR. It is another piece in the very complicated LENR puzzle. Super-absorption in a LENR system is what a chain reaction is in a nuclear system. As infrared light (photons) aka heat is absorbed by a system of dipoles, the energy is increased and the electron tunneling that moves electrons away from their associated holes (ions) becomes increasingly more powerful. In Nanoplasmonics, this “dark mode” near field EMF absorption process is called Fano resonance. EMF power increases in a positive feedback mode within a small volume until the concentrated EMF begins to produce nuclear heat. The Superabsorbent ring in figure one of the reference is just a two dimensional projection of a three dimensional nano-particle. Nano-particles act as a super EMF absorbing structure which concentrates heat photons into a small volume between the nanoparticles. If there is little energy loss in this dipole system, and the limit of EMF increase is very large, the concentrated EMF becomes so great that the nuclear forces inside the nucleus become unbalanced and the nucleus disintegrates. . When all the various small volumes of EMF concentration form a Bose Ernestine condensate, the pumping of concentrated EMF is shared between each small volume in superposition and nuclear disintegration happens as a probabilistic phenomenon triggered by virtual particle creation out of the vacuum. On Thu, Jun 6, 2013 at 10:01 PM, pagnu...@htdconnect.com wrote: A new arxiv paper, possibly related to missing LENR em-emissions - Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering ABSTRACT: Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N^2. Even for moderate N this represents a significant increase over the prediction of classical physics, and the effect has found applications ranging from probing exciton delocalisation in biological systems, to developing a new class of laser, and even in astrophysics. Structures that super-radiate must also have enhanced absorption, but the former always dominates in natural systems. Here we show that modern quantum control techniques can overcome this restriction. Our theory establishes that superabsorption can be achieved and sustained in certain simple nanostructures, by trapping the system in a highly excited state while extracting energy into a non-radiative channel. The effect offers the prospect of a new class of quantum nanotechnology, capable of absorbing light many times faster than is currently possible; potential applications of this effect include light harvesting and photon detection. An array of quantum dots or a porphyrin ring could provide an implementation to demonstrate this effect. http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1483 Perhaps also of interest - SUPER-ABSORPTION ABSTRACT: The concept of Super-Absorption has been proposed based on the correlation between deuterium flux and excess heat, and based on the selective resonant tunneling model. The experimental evidence for this correlation is shown in the D/Pd system with a Calvet high precision calorimeter. A theoretical model is set-up to show how the resonant tunneling effect will correlate the deuterium flux to the generation of excess heat. http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZsuperabsor.pdf http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZsuperabsor.pdf
[Vo]:Superabsorbers
A new arxiv paper, possibly related to missing LENR em-emissions - Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering ABSTRACT: Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N^2. Even for moderate N this represents a significant increase over the prediction of classical physics, and the effect has found applications ranging from probing exciton delocalisation in biological systems, to developing a new class of laser, and even in astrophysics. Structures that super-radiate must also have enhanced absorption, but the former always dominates in natural systems. Here we show that modern quantum control techniques can overcome this restriction. Our theory establishes that superabsorption can be achieved and sustained in certain simple nanostructures, by trapping the system in a highly excited state while extracting energy into a non-radiative channel. The effect offers the prospect of a new class of quantum nanotechnology, capable of absorbing light many times faster than is currently possible; potential applications of this effect include light harvesting and photon detection. An array of quantum dots or a porphyrin ring could provide an implementation to demonstrate this effect. http://arxiv.org/abs/1306.1483 Perhaps also of interest - SUPER-ABSORPTION ABSTRACT: The concept of Super-Absorption has been proposed based on the correlation between deuterium flux and excess heat, and based on the selective resonant tunneling model. The experimental evidence for this correlation is shown in the D/Pd system with a Calvet high precision calorimeter. A theoretical model is set-up to show how the resonant tunneling effect will correlate the deuterium flux to the generation of excess heat. http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZsuperabsor.pdf http://www.lenr-canr.org/acrobat/LiXZsuperabsor.pdf
RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
-Original Message- From: pagnu...@htdconnect.com A new arxiv paper, possibly related to missing LENR em-emissions - Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering ABSTRACT: Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N^2... Structures that super-radiate must also have enhanced absorption... Robert Dicke is one of the true heroes of Modern Science. He is not generally credited with inventing the laser but in 1956 Dicke filed a patent entitled Molecular Amplification Generation Systems and Methods with a claim for an infrared laser. Townes usually gets the credit, but his patent was not filed until 1958. B.V. Zhdanov has done extensive work on potassium lasers, so we know this is possible. There is a pretty good chance that the Rossi HotCat is a resonant IR device using potassium stimulated emission, which may involve superabsorption and superradiance. This could be a photon chain reaction of some type/ attachment: winmail.dat
RE: [Vo]:Superabsorbers
Perhaps, this early e-catworld report is relevant - Report From Visitor to Defkalion http://www.e-catworld.com/2012/03/report-from-visitor-to-defkalion/ Excerpt: ...I was told that they were trying to actually see what happens in their device with some glass with a melting point of 1500degc. They saw it light up like the sun and then it melted the glass. This just took a second or two. I was told what their working theory was, but they really dont know what is going on. They have brought in several academics with a myraid of explanations ... Jones Beene wrote: -Original Message- From: pagnu...@htdconnect.com A new arxiv paper, possibly related to missing LENR em-emissions - Superabsorption of light via quantum engineering ABSTRACT: Almost 60 years ago Dicke introduced the term superradiance to describe a signature quantum effect: N atoms can collectively emit light at a rate proportional to N^2... Structures that super-radiate must also have enhanced absorption... Robert Dicke is one of the true heroes of Modern Science. He is not generally credited with inventing the laser but in 1956 Dicke filed a patent entitled Molecular Amplification Generation Systems and Methods with a claim for an infrared laser. Townes usually gets the credit, but his patent was not filed until 1958. B.V. Zhdanov has done extensive work on potassium lasers, so we know this is possible. There is a pretty good chance that the Rossi HotCat is a resonant IR device using potassium stimulated emission, which may involve superabsorption and superradiance. This could be a photon chain reaction of some type/
