The difference in calorific value of biodiesel of 10% is a theoretical one - the biodiesel contains around 11% oxygen in the molecular content. However, this oxygen causes the fuel to react quicker and better than petrodiesel, with the result that the energy produced is relatively greater. This accounts for the higher cetane number. The most accurate figure I have come up with is that, in real terms, the energy output of biodiesel in an internal combustion engine is only 5% less than that of petrodiesel. Greater lubricity helps, as well.
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