>From the Wikipedia article on Portuguese Empire Expansion of sugarcane <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcane> in Madeira started in 1455, using advisers from Sicily <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicily> and (largely) Genoese <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa> capital to produce the *"sweet salt"* rare in Europe <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_sugar>. Already cultivated in Algarve <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algarve>, the accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. Slaves were used, and the proportion of imported slaves in Madeira reached 10% of the total population by the 16th century.[21] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-21> ( Many early settlers in the Azores, especially of the Donatary class came from Madeira)
In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.[78] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Dodge226-78>[80] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Disney2009b175.2C184-80> As Portugal increased its presence along China's coast, they began trading in slaves <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Portugal>. Many Chinese slaves were sold to Portugal.[81] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Yamashiro103-81> [82] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-doRosarioPimente49-82>Since the 16th century Chinese slaves existed in Portugal, most of them were Chinese children and a large amount were shipped to the Indies.[83] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Scarano9-83> Chinese children were kidnapped in China, and through Macau <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Macau> were brought to Portugal and sold as slaves either in Macau or overseas.[84] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-84>[85] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Yamashiro101-85> Chinese prisoners were sent to Portugal, where they were sold as slaves, they were prized and regarded better than moorish and black slaves.[86] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-86> The Tordesillas boundary between Spanish and Portuguese control in South America was then increasingly ignored by the Portuguese, who pressed beyond it into the heart of Brazil,[131] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Boyajian11-131> allowing to expand the territory to the west. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government, the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "bandeirantes <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandeirantes>".[134] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-Boxer386-134> These expeditions lasted for years venturing into unmapped regions, initially to capture natives and force them into slavery, and later focusing on finding gold, silver and diamond mines.[135] <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire#cite_note-BethencourtCurto111.2C117-135> Eric Edgar On Thu, Sep 3, 2015 at 2:35 PM, luiznoia . <[email protected]> wrote: > Beginning in 1500 with Cabral's journey into the Indian Ocean, trading > centers were developed in Africa, the Red Sea, and South Asia. > > The map attached shows the Portuguese outposts around 1600. > > Slaves could have been purchased from any of these places and transported > to the Azores. > > I have a match with another Flores family. We both share backgrounds of > Red Sea ( Arabia, Iran), Northeast Africa, Sub Sahara Africa, West Asian, > South Asian. > > > Eric Edgar > > On Thu, Sep 3, 2015 at 11:41 AM, Cheri Mello <[email protected]> wrote: > >> Yes, DNA testing has shown people with African lineages. >> Cheri >> >> Cheri Mello >> Listowner, Azores-Gen >> Researching: Vila Franca, Ponta Garca, Ribeira Quente, Ribeira das >> Tainhas, Achada >> >> On Thu, Sep 3, 2015 at 5:07 AM, Manita M <[email protected]> >> wrote: >> >>> This is very interesting. >>> >>> All my CCA records research are in the eastern part of Sao Miguel so >>> perhaps that is why I've never seen an "escravo" but I may not have noticed >>> it either as I'm still a newbie and not fully translating the records but >>> just focusing on the dates, names and places. >>> >>> I'm very curious to hear from others on this topic. >>> >>> Would the slaves have been "purchased" overseas and been brought to the >>> Azores? I'm assuming they mainly came from Northern Africa? >>> >>> I do know that at the time of settlement they brought slaves to help >>> populate but I had assumed they would have become "free" once they got to >>> the Azores. >>> >>> Hmmmmmmm. >>> >>> DNA-wise: >>> >>> Anyone with Azorean DNA must have some slave OR North African DNA. Of >>> course anyone from Southern Portugal has some North African already mixed >>> into them so that can also explain the DNA ethnic makeup, but back to >>> slaves. >>> >>> I am assuming the slaves came from Africa? >>> >>> Yes, I'm well aware that there was white slavery too but those white >>> slaves ended up in the Berbarian lands and in fact could be our pre-Azorean >>> ancestors but that's another topic. >>> >>> I just wonder if these slaves were already in mainland Portugal or >>> Madeira and then sent to the Azores or if they came to the Azores from >>> Africa directly? >>> >>> Interesting topic and would love to hear from anyone with knowledge on >>> this topic that could reference sources. >>> On Sep 3, 2015 7:01 AM, "MaryAnn Santos" <[email protected]> wrote: >>> >>>> I've seen a number of references to slaves - "escravos" - in the CCA >>>> records. My research is primarily in São Miguel. >>>> >>>> MaryAnn >>>> >>>> On Thu, Sep 3, 2015 at 2:29 AM, linda <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Wednesday, September 2, 2015 at 8:53:17 PM UTC-7, manita.morgado >>>>> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>> Slave? >>>>>> >>>>>> I've never seen or noticed that in a CCA records. I guess it could >>>>>> have been there and I didn't realize. >>>>>> >>>>>> Really? >>>>>> >>>>>> How common would this have been? >>>>>> >>>>> >>>>> As it happens, this week I've been going through early and mid 18th >>>>> century baptismal and marriage records for Angra and Horta. During this >>>>> period and in these two cities, references to slaves are relatively >>>>> common. I jotted a few notes as I went along, but wasn't trying to be >>>>> exhaustive in catching them, and for Angra Baptisms 1719-1729, I counted >>>>> about 20 records for slaves. Between 1710 and 1719, I noted at least 5 >>>>> (by >>>>> then, I was growing tired of jotting page numbers, so there are probably >>>>> more). Though generally of babies, several of these baptisms were >>>>> of adults. I also observed two further records with English slave owners >>>>> rather than native Portuguese owners. In Horta I took note of four slave >>>>> records (two baptisms and two obits), and one baptism in Velas, Sao Jorge >>>>> as well (there are certainly more instances of slaves in the records of >>>>> these two cities, but I stopped noting them). Previously, I've observed >>>>> records for slaves in Lajes/Praya da Victoria, Terceira (possibly >>>>> elsewhere) too, but I don't have my notes about those to hand at the >>>>> moment. >>>>> >>>>> Angra and Horta were two of the principal cities for the archipelago-- >>>>> the seats of commerce and government-- so that may account for the >>>>> presence >>>>> of the slave populations there. These urban centers were populated by >>>>> some of the wealthier citizens of the islands. I inferred from names and >>>>> titles that many of the slave owners were of high social status. In two >>>>> or >>>>> three cases, women were listed as the owners. The time period and >>>>> places are critical-- Portugal was one of the earlier countries to ban the >>>>> practice of slavery, IIRC-- my notes are on another computer-- but I'm not >>>>> sure now of the dates. If you have been going through 19th century >>>>> records >>>>> and/or rural parishes, then you are less likely to have seen slaves >>>>> mentioned. Also, if you aren't a native speaker (I am not), then it's >>>>> very >>>>> easy to pass over the word. I was also surprised the first time I >>>>> encountered and understood it. >>>>> >>>>> rambling thoughts late at night-- hope this is helpful, >>>>> >>>>> Linda >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>>>> On Wednesday, September 2, 2015 at 4:28:30 PM UTC-7, Mara wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> The child of eight days baptized March 7? 1659 son of one of the >>>>>>>> slaves by the name of Maria of (belonging to) Barbara of Sao Goncalo >>>>>>>> (S. >>>>>>>> Goncalo is the name of the area/place in S. Pedro) The Godfather was >>>>>>>> Sebastiao do Rego son of Francisco Martins >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Wed, Sep 2, 2015 at 5:35 PM, Sandra Perez <[email protected]> >>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Sebastiao's birth--bottom right. I think I see Goncalo Frz or >>>>>>>>> Joao Goncalo Frz and maybe Barbara. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>> http://culturacores.azores.gov.pt/biblioteca_digital/SMG-PD-SAOPEDRO-B-1643-1667/SMG-PD-SAOPEDRO-B-1643-1667_item1/P90.html >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>> Sandra Perez >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> -- >>>>> For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail >>>>> (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at >>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the >>>>> right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my >>>>> membership." >>>>> --- >>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>>> Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. >>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>>> an email to [email protected]. >>>>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> >>>> -- >>>> *MaryAnn Santos* >>>> Senior Advisement and Student Affairs Administrator >>>> Department of Art and Art Professions >>>> NYU/Steinhardt >>>> 212.998.5702 >>>> [email protected] >>>> >>>> Follow us at >>>> >>>> *Twitter / @NYUart <https://twitter.com/NYUart>Instagram / @nyuart >>>> <http://instagram.com/nyuart>* >>>> *Facebook / NYU Art Department >>>> <https://www.facebook.com/pages/NYU-Art-Department/53833145389>* >>>> >>>> -- >>>> For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail >>>> (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at >>>> http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the >>>> right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my >>>> membership." >>>> --- >>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>>> Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. >>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>>> an email to [email protected]. >>>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. >>>> >>> -- >>> For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail >>> (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at >>> http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the >>> right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my >>> membership." >>> --- >>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google >>> Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. >>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send >>> an email to [email protected]. >>> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. >>> >> >> -- >> For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail >> (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at >> http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the >> right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my >> membership." >> --- >> You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups >> "Azores Genealogy" group. >> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an >> email to [email protected]. >> Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores. >> > > -- For options, such as changing to List, Digest, Abridged, or No Mail (vacation) mode, log into your Google account and visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/Azores. Click in the blue area on the right that says "Join this group" and it will take you to "Edit my membership." --- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "Azores Genealogy" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to [email protected]. Visit this group at http://groups.google.com/group/azores.
