Roger, I think Terrie pretty much answered your question. The functional difference is that the DQ'd dog probably won't be shown again...dq's are either written in the Standard (the Cavalier standard has none) or are applied across the board, such as ... 2 testicles..must not attack..........vs. excusing because the judge cannot examine the dog. Whenever a judge sends a dog out of the ring, he or she must write an explanation for this in the judge's book, right on that breed page. The judge is also responsible for telling the exhibitor why he is being excused or dq'd, and if the dq is for attacking, the judge also has to fill out a form to submit to the akc. All this stuff is in the AKC rule book. Peggy
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