not, in clojure, is itself a function, so it would just be wrapping a other function call in (not (my-fn)). there is no limit to the recursion here, you can have functions in functions in functions
On Fri, Jul 23, 2021 at 9:54 PM Jack Park <jackp...@topicquests.org> wrote: > Cora, > > That's simply amazing. I added one more "or" test: all-false. > > I confess, I'm not yet at the place where I look at that pattern and > recognize it, but, thanks to you and to the other hints I received here, I > now have something to work with. > > Next up for me will be to test the "not" functions. > > Many thanks! > > -Jack > > On Fri, Jul 23, 2021 at 6:03 PM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> wrote: > >> You can stay away from eval unless you have extremely special needs, >> really. I never use it myself. The evaluate-or-fns and evaluate-and-fns >> don't care what the function is, it could be another call to >> evaluate-or-fns or evaluate-and-fns, and in this way you can recurse as >> deeply as you desire and only evaluate when you actually want values out of >> it. >> >> (defn evaluate-and-fns >> "Returns true if every function in members returns a value that is >> true-ish according to Clojure's >> truthiness rules. Otherwise returns false." >> [members] >> (every? (fn [member] >> (member)) >> members)) >> >> (defn evaluate-or-fns >> "Returns true if any function in members returns a value that is >> true-ish according to Clojure's >> truthiness rules. Otherwise returns false." >> [members] >> (boolean >> (some (fn [member] >> (member)) >> members))) >> >> (evaluate-or-fns [(fn [] >> (evaluate-and-fns [(fn [] (evaluate-and-fns >> [simple-true-fn simple-true-fn])) >> simple-true-fn])) >> (fn [] >> (evaluate-and-fns [simple-true-fn simple-false-fn]))]) >> >> On Fri, Jul 23, 2021 at 7:22 PM Jack Park <jackp...@topicquests.org> >> wrote: >> >>> Hello again, Cora (and list!) >>> >>> I have your gist running, then added a new feature >>> >>> https://gist.github.com/KnowledgeGarden/330b4147cd3d4909ef55684fc4c1f00d >>> >>> The first code was for conjunctive lists, I added disjunctive lists >>> >>> There, I started with some? but could not make the grade, ended up with >>> some fn where fn is eval. That's the code. >>> It's behaving strangely, but maybe I'm on the right track. >>> >>> Where this is going is that a list can be populated with things other >>> than simple functions like SimpleTrue; can be populated with conjunctive >>> and disjunctive lists, each of which can be similarly populated. That, of >>> course, means that evaluating a single inferrable list is the same as >>> walking a possibly complex (no loops, hopefully) spider web. >>> >>> Thanks >>> Jack >>> >>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 6:04 PM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> wrote: >>> >>>> Hello again, Jack. I'm not sure what your code looked like before or >>>> looks like now but I think maybe a different way of helping you out with >>>> this is in order. Here's some code that does what I think you're going for >>>> and runs: >>>> >>>> https://gist.github.com/corasaurus-hex/1c86b545644b734310a15d984f61ad99 >>>> >>>> Have a look, play with it a bit, change around value and see what >>>> breaks. Hope that's helpful! >>>> >>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 5:55 PM Jack Park <jackp...@topicquests.org> >>>> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Did. That suggestion was made earlier. Did not change anything. >>>>> >>>>> Here's a test which ran just fine >>>>> (def x (evaluate_and (list true true))) >>>>> (println "A" x) >>>>> (def y (evaluate_and (list true false))) >>>>> (println "B" y) >>>>> >>>>> But, the moment I attempt to make a list with two functions in it, the >>>>> code breaks and returns - without any errors - not a boolean, but the >>>>> structure I passed it. >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 3:43 PM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> wrote: >>>>> >>>>>> Those are functions that call booleans as functions. Try this: >>>>>> >>>>>> (defn simple-true [] true) >>>>>> >>>>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 5:41 PM Jack Park <jackp...@topicquests.org> >>>>>> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> Great points! >>>>>>> They are filled with functions which look like this >>>>>>> >>>>>>> (defn simple_true [] (true)) >>>>>>> >>>>>>> They are not booleans but functions which return a boolean. >>>>>>> Here is a list of two of those as produced by the code: >>>>>>> >>>>>>> (#object[ie4clj.Tests$simple_false 0x3a4621bd >>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$simple_false@3a4621bd] >>>>>>> #object[ie4clj.Tests$simple_false 0x3a4621bd >>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$simple_false@3a4621bd]) >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Or maybe I missed something. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 3:33 PM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Your members list needs to be filled with things that can be called >>>>>>>> as functions, since that's what that code snippet does, and booleans >>>>>>>> definitely cannot be called as functions. That's what the error means, >>>>>>>> there's a boolean in your list and it's trying to cast it to an IFn (a >>>>>>>> Clojure function interface) when it is called as (member). >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> Can you show the lists you construct? Are they full of functions >>>>>>>> that take no arguments? Do you want the lists to be able to contain >>>>>>>> booleans too? >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Mon, Jul 19, 2021 at 2:57 PM Jack Park <jackp...@topicquests.org> >>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> Cora >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> (every? (fn [member] (member)) members) >>>>>>>>> works fine on [constantly true & false >>>>>>>>> but fails with >>>>>>>>> java.lang.Boolean cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn >>>>>>>>> on the lists I construct. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> In truth, I thought all the code was working, but that turned out >>>>>>>>> ot be an artifact of the test I designed. When I changed the test >>>>>>>>> conditions, evaluate_and failed. >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 5:00 PM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> >>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Hello again Jack, >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 6:21 PM Jack Park < >>>>>>>>>> jackp...@topicquests.org> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (every? eval members) does not appear to work on a list of >>>>>>>>>>> functions designed to evaluate to a boolean. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> If members is a list of functions then you would do: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> (every? (fn [member] (member)) members) >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Showing it work here: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> (every? (fn [member] (member)) [(constantly true) (constantly >>>>>>>>>> true)]) >>>>>>>>>> ;; => true >>>>>>>>>> (every? (fn [member] (member)) [(constantly true) (constantly >>>>>>>>>> false)]) >>>>>>>>>> ;; => false >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> That code is used in a function evaluateAnd >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Two simple tests >>>>>>>>>>> (evaluateAnd [true true] --> true >>>>>>>>>>> (evaluateAnd [true false] --> nil (why not "false" as the every? >>>>>>>>>>> examples show?) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> In Clojure things are either "truthy" or "falsey", and the only >>>>>>>>>> "false" values are false and nil so returning nil is usually fine. >>>>>>>>>> Everything else is "truthy". I wouldn't worry about it returning nil >>>>>>>>>> since >>>>>>>>>> other things were broken anyways. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> https://clojure.org/guides/learn/flow#_truth >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The specific code for building the list of functions is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (def x (atom [])) >>>>>>>>>>> (let [result (list (ref SimpleTrue) (ref SimpleFalse))] >>>>>>>>>>> (println "BAL1" result ) >>>>>>>>>>> (reset! x result) >>>>>>>>>>> ) >>>>>>>>>>> (println "BAL2" @x ) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (@x) <<<< returns the atom's value >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> And the final println is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> BAL2 (#object[clojure.lang.Ref 0x335b5620 {:status :ready, :val >>>>>>>>>>> #object[ie4clj.Tests$SimpleTrue 0x6eb2384f >>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$SimpleTrue@6eb2384f]}] >>>>>>>>>>> #object[clojure.lang.Ref 0x3c9c0d96 {:status :ready, :val >>>>>>>>>>> #object[ie4clj.Tests$SimpleFalse 0x31dadd46 >>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$SimpleFalse@31dadd46]}]) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> evaluateAnd never saw the result, with this error message >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> clojure.lang.PersistentList cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Refs are the wrong thing to use here. In fact I'd stay away from >>>>>>>>>> atoms and refs unless you have multiple threads that need to mutate >>>>>>>>>> the >>>>>>>>>> same values. They're just confusing things now, I think. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The test which fails is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (def result (evaluateAnd (buildAndList) )) <<< fails here >>>>>>>>>>> (println "bar" result) >>>>>>>>>>> (result) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The googleverse seems to agree that there are extra parens >>>>>>>>>>> around the value. Google isn't giving me an obvious way to take >>>>>>>>>>> that value >>>>>>>>>>> outside of its surrounding parens (bal2 above). >>>>>>>>>>> Still looking, and hoping that solves the problem. >>>>>>>>>>> Maybe there's a way to go back to buildAndList and not return >>>>>>>>>>> the value with parens. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> I think a key thing to explain is that in Clojure generally >>>>>>>>>> you're not making new types of collections. There's this famous-ish >>>>>>>>>> saying >>>>>>>>>> that Clojure holds to pretty well: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> "It is better to have 100 functions operate on one data structure >>>>>>>>>> than 10 functions on 10 data structures." >>>>>>>>>> - Alan Perlis >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> Most functions in the Clojure world operate on a handful of basic >>>>>>>>>> data types and structures. This makes it really easy to chain and >>>>>>>>>> combine >>>>>>>>>> functions to slice and dice data since you don't need to convert >>>>>>>>>> between >>>>>>>>>> types. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> I don't think I've ever made a special collection type in >>>>>>>>>> Clojure, it's not all that common. So I'd suggest that while you're >>>>>>>>>> at this >>>>>>>>>> point in your journey you try to stick to the built-in Clojure >>>>>>>>>> collection >>>>>>>>>> types and use the built-in functions to operate on them. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> To give you a little direction, instead of a Person object you >>>>>>>>>> could make a hashmap like {:first-name "Jack" :last-name "Park"} and >>>>>>>>>> pass that around. And then you can make a function that operates on >>>>>>>>>> that. >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> (defn full-name >>>>>>>>>> [person] >>>>>>>>>> (str (get person :first-name) " " (get person :last-name))) >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> And then you could expand that to maybe {:first-name "Jack" >>>>>>>>>> :last-name "Park" :people-talked-to-on-mailing-list ["Cora Sutton"]} >>>>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>>>> then operate on a collection of people like: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> (defn people-talked-to-on-mailing-list >>>>>>>>>> [person all-people] >>>>>>>>>> (let [people-to-find (set (get person >>>>>>>>>> :people-talked-to-on-mailing-list))] >>>>>>>>>> (filter (fn [p] >>>>>>>>>> (people-to-find (full-name p)) >>>>>>>>>> all-people)) >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> (people-talked-to-on-mailing-list jack all-people) >>>>>>>>>> ;; => {:first-name "Cora" :last-name "Sutton" >>>>>>>>>> :people-talked-to-on-mailing-list ["Jack Park"]} >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 11:23 AM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> >>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Hi Jack! >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> I could be wrong but I think this could just be: (every? eval >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> I see a few things here that seem strange to me so I wanted to >>>>>>>>>>>> share a few points that might be helpful (or might not, let me >>>>>>>>>>>> know either >>>>>>>>>>>> way) for future code. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * So typically you don't want to def or defn within another >>>>>>>>>>>> function call since that will define a new value at the top level. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (defn foo [] >>>>>>>>>>>> (def bar 1) >>>>>>>>>>>> (println (inc bar)) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (foo) >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; ^^ calling foo will define bar at the top level >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> bar >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; => 1 >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; whoops, didn't mean to have that at the top level like that >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; imagine if two different threads called that in parallel >>>>>>>>>>>> ::grimace:: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Instead, you usually want to use the let function: >>>>>>>>>>>> https://clojuredocs.org/clojure.core/let >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> So in your code you might use this something like: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (let [result (atom true)] >>>>>>>>>>>> ....) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> The error you're seeing is from the (defn result ...) in your >>>>>>>>>>>> code, you're missing the argument vector [] after result -- so >>>>>>>>>>>> it would look like (defn result [] (atom true)) -- but you >>>>>>>>>>>> really don't want to defn like that, I think. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * To update an atom's value you don't want to assign like that, >>>>>>>>>>>> you want to use swap! https://clojuredocs.org/clojure.core/swap >>>>>>>>>>>> ! >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (swap! f >>>>>>>>>>>> (fn [cur-val new-val] (and cur-val new-val)) >>>>>>>>>>>> (eval member)) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * You probably don't want to use an atom here. Atoms are >>>>>>>>>>>> usually for data that you intend to have multiple threads >>>>>>>>>>>> accessing. In >>>>>>>>>>>> this case it's just a value that changes during a single thread's >>>>>>>>>>>> execution >>>>>>>>>>>> here. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> How else could you solve this if not for the very convenient >>>>>>>>>>>> every? function? There are a bunch of ways! Here are a few, >>>>>>>>>>>> with things written out pretty explicitly so they're more clear. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> loop/recur: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (loop [result true >>>>>>>>>>>> remaining-members members] >>>>>>>>>>>> (let [member (first remaining-members) >>>>>>>>>>>> remaining-members (rest members) >>>>>>>>>>>> new-result (eval member)] >>>>>>>>>>>> (if new-result >>>>>>>>>>>> (recur true remaining-members) >>>>>>>>>>>> false))) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> reduce v1: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduce (fn [result member] >>>>>>>>>>>> (and result >>>>>>>>>>>> (eval member))) >>>>>>>>>>>> true >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> reduce v2.0, that will now stop iterating once one of the >>>>>>>>>>>> members evals to false: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduce (fn [_ member] >>>>>>>>>>>> (or (eval member) >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduced false))) >>>>>>>>>>>> true >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> My point with sharing these is that in clojure usually the best >>>>>>>>>>>> way to solve these problems is to pass new values to the next >>>>>>>>>>>> iteration >>>>>>>>>>>> while accumulating a result instead of changing a variable on each >>>>>>>>>>>> iteration. Or to use one of these sweet built-in functions. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Does that make sense? >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * I thiiiiiiink you might not mean eval but I'm interested in >>>>>>>>>>>> what kind of problem you're solving! :) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Hope that helps! >>>>>>>>>>>> Cora >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 12:41 PM Jack Park < >>>>>>>>>>>> jackp...@topicquests.org> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> I have a class which treats a sequence as a conjunctive list >>>>>>>>>>>>> of objects which, when evaluated, return a boolean. It is an >>>>>>>>>>>>> attempt to >>>>>>>>>>>>> use doseq to walk along that list, evaluating each entry, and >>>>>>>>>>>>> anding that >>>>>>>>>>>>> result with boolean atom. It fails. A sketch of the code is this >>>>>>>>>>>>> - taken >>>>>>>>>>>>> from the error message: >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> inside (defn AndList... >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> (reify >>>>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.api.Inferrable >>>>>>>>>>>>> (defn evalMembers >>>>>>>>>>>>> [members] >>>>>>>>>>>>> (defn result (atom true)) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (doseq [x members] >>>>>>>>>>>>> (result = (and result (eval x)))) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (println (clojure.core/deref result)) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (result))) - *failed: vector? at: [:fn-tail :arity-1 >>>>>>>>>>>>> :params] spec: :clojure.core.specs.alpha/param-list* >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> It could be that my Java background is clouding my use of >>>>>>>>>>>>> clojure. Any comments will be appreciated. >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>>>>>> Jack >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google >>>>>>>>>>>>> Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to clojure@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> Note that posts from new members are moderated - please be >>>>>>>>>>>>> patient with your first post. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>>>>>>>> clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>>>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/clojure?hl=en >>>>>>>>>>>>> --- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/f67cfcd0-8e1e-4780-bc00-f6993979e7afn%40googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/f67cfcd0-8e1e-4780-bc00-f6993979e7afn%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google >>>>>>>>>>>> Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to clojure@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>> Note that posts from new members are moderated - please be >>>>>>>>>>>> patient with your first post. >>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>>>>>>> clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/clojure?hl=en >>>>>>>>>>>> --- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/CAMZDCY3BWybiXzgoYaKK958z%2BWqTKf0o_5p9fq-huwutco9onw%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/CAMZDCY3BWybiXzgoYaKK958z%2BWqTKf0o_5p9fq-huwutco9onw%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>> Google >>>>>>>>>>> Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to clojure@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>> Note that posts from new members are moderated - please be >>>>>>>>>>> patient with your first post. >>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>>>>>> clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/clojure?hl=en >>>>>>>>>>> --- >>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/CAH6s0fwv-rKrWnXji_r4scaX9_jtAi1CRUWGLLNRj7iZtme4UA%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/CAH6s0fwv-rKrWnXji_r4scaX9_jtAi1CRUWGLLNRj7iZtme4UA%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 6:21 PM Jack Park < >>>>>>>>>> jackp...@topicquests.org> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (every? eval members) does not appear to work on a list of >>>>>>>>>>> functions designed to evaluate to a boolean. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> That code is used in a function evaluateAnd >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> Two simple tests >>>>>>>>>>> (evaluateAnd [true true] --> true >>>>>>>>>>> (evaluateAnd [true false] --> nil (why not "false" as the every? >>>>>>>>>>> examples show?) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The specific code for building the list of functions is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (def x (atom [])) >>>>>>>>>>> (let [result (list (ref SimpleTrue) (ref SimpleFalse))] >>>>>>>>>>> (println "BAL1" result ) >>>>>>>>>>> (reset! x result) >>>>>>>>>>> ) >>>>>>>>>>> (println "BAL2" @x ) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (@x) <<<< returns the atom's value >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> And the final println is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> BAL2 (#object[clojure.lang.Ref 0x335b5620 {:status :ready, :val >>>>>>>>>>> #object[ie4clj.Tests$SimpleTrue 0x6eb2384f >>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$SimpleTrue@6eb2384f]}] >>>>>>>>>>> #object[clojure.lang.Ref 0x3c9c0d96 {:status :ready, :val >>>>>>>>>>> #object[ie4clj.Tests$SimpleFalse 0x31dadd46 >>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.Tests$SimpleFalse@31dadd46]}]) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> evaluateAnd never saw the result, with this error message >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> clojure.lang.PersistentList cannot be cast to clojure.lang.IFn >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The test which fails is this >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> (def result (evaluateAnd (buildAndList) )) <<< fails here >>>>>>>>>>> (println "bar" result) >>>>>>>>>>> (result) >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> The googleverse seems to agree that there are extra parens >>>>>>>>>>> around the value. Google isn't giving me an obvious way to take >>>>>>>>>>> that value >>>>>>>>>>> outside of its surrounding parens (bal2 above). >>>>>>>>>>> Still looking, and hoping that solves the problem. >>>>>>>>>>> Maybe there's a way to go back to buildAndList and not return >>>>>>>>>>> the value with parens. >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 11:23 AM Cora Sutton <c...@sutton.me> >>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Hi Jack! >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> I could be wrong but I think this could just be: (every? eval >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> I see a few things here that seem strange to me so I wanted to >>>>>>>>>>>> share a few points that might be helpful (or might not, let me >>>>>>>>>>>> know either >>>>>>>>>>>> way) for future code. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * So typically you don't want to def or defn within another >>>>>>>>>>>> function call since that will define a new value at the top level. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (defn foo [] >>>>>>>>>>>> (def bar 1) >>>>>>>>>>>> (println (inc bar)) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (foo) >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; ^^ calling foo will define bar at the top level >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> bar >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; => 1 >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; whoops, didn't mean to have that at the top level like that >>>>>>>>>>>> ;; imagine if two different threads called that in parallel >>>>>>>>>>>> ::grimace:: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Instead, you usually want to use the let function: >>>>>>>>>>>> https://clojuredocs.org/clojure.core/let >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> So in your code you might use this something like: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (let [result (atom true)] >>>>>>>>>>>> ....) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> The error you're seeing is from the (defn result ...) in your >>>>>>>>>>>> code, you're missing the argument vector [] after result -- so >>>>>>>>>>>> it would look like (defn result [] (atom true)) -- but you >>>>>>>>>>>> really don't want to defn like that, I think. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * To update an atom's value you don't want to assign like that, >>>>>>>>>>>> you want to use swap! https://clojuredocs.org/clojure.core/swap >>>>>>>>>>>> ! >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (swap! f >>>>>>>>>>>> (fn [cur-val new-val] (and cur-val new-val)) >>>>>>>>>>>> (eval member)) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * You probably don't want to use an atom here. Atoms are >>>>>>>>>>>> usually for data that you intend to have multiple threads >>>>>>>>>>>> accessing. In >>>>>>>>>>>> this case it's just a value that changes during a single thread's >>>>>>>>>>>> execution >>>>>>>>>>>> here. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> How else could you solve this if not for the very convenient >>>>>>>>>>>> every? function? There are a bunch of ways! Here are a few, >>>>>>>>>>>> with things written out pretty explicitly so they're more clear. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> loop/recur: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (loop [result true >>>>>>>>>>>> remaining-members members] >>>>>>>>>>>> (let [member (first remaining-members) >>>>>>>>>>>> remaining-members (rest members) >>>>>>>>>>>> new-result (eval member)] >>>>>>>>>>>> (if new-result >>>>>>>>>>>> (recur true remaining-members) >>>>>>>>>>>> false))) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> reduce v1: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduce (fn [result member] >>>>>>>>>>>> (and result >>>>>>>>>>>> (eval member))) >>>>>>>>>>>> true >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> reduce v2.0, that will now stop iterating once one of the >>>>>>>>>>>> members evals to false: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduce (fn [_ member] >>>>>>>>>>>> (or (eval member) >>>>>>>>>>>> (reduced false))) >>>>>>>>>>>> true >>>>>>>>>>>> members) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> My point with sharing these is that in clojure usually the best >>>>>>>>>>>> way to solve these problems is to pass new values to the next >>>>>>>>>>>> iteration >>>>>>>>>>>> while accumulating a result instead of changing a variable on each >>>>>>>>>>>> iteration. Or to use one of these sweet built-in functions. >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Does that make sense? >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> * I thiiiiiiink you might not mean eval but I'm interested in >>>>>>>>>>>> what kind of problem you're solving! :) >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Hope that helps! >>>>>>>>>>>> Cora >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 18, 2021 at 12:41 PM Jack Park < >>>>>>>>>>>> jackp...@topicquests.org> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> I have a class which treats a sequence as a conjunctive list >>>>>>>>>>>>> of objects which, when evaluated, return a boolean. It is an >>>>>>>>>>>>> attempt to >>>>>>>>>>>>> use doseq to walk along that list, evaluating each entry, and >>>>>>>>>>>>> anding that >>>>>>>>>>>>> result with boolean atom. It fails. A sketch of the code is this >>>>>>>>>>>>> - taken >>>>>>>>>>>>> from the error message: >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> inside (defn AndList... >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> (reify >>>>>>>>>>>>> ie4clj.api.Inferrable >>>>>>>>>>>>> (defn evalMembers >>>>>>>>>>>>> [members] >>>>>>>>>>>>> (defn result (atom true)) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (doseq [x members] >>>>>>>>>>>>> (result = (and result (eval x)))) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (println (clojure.core/deref result)) >>>>>>>>>>>>> (result))) - *failed: vector? at: [:fn-tail :arity-1 >>>>>>>>>>>>> :params] spec: :clojure.core.specs.alpha/param-list* >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> It could be that my Java background is clouding my use of >>>>>>>>>>>>> clojure. Any comments will be appreciated. >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Thanks >>>>>>>>>>>>> Jack >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google >>>>>>>>>>>>> Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to clojure@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> Note that posts from new members are moderated - please be >>>>>>>>>>>>> patient with your first post. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group, send email to >>>>>>>>>>>>> clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> For more options, visit this group at >>>>>>>>>>>>> http://groups.google.com/group/clojure?hl=en >>>>>>>>>>>>> --- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to clojure+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion on the web visit >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/f67cfcd0-8e1e-4780-bc00-f6993979e7afn%40googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/clojure/f67cfcd0-8e1e-4780-bc00-f6993979e7afn%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google >>>>>>>>>>>> Groups "Clojure" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To post to this group, send email to clojure@googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>> Note that posts from new members are moderated - 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