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+ THE FALL OF THE HOUSE OF USHER 
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 Son cœur est un luth suspendu ; Sitôt qu’on le touche il résonne . De 
Béranger . During the whole of a dull , dark , and soundless day in the autumn 
of the year , when the clouds hung oppressively low in the heavens , I had been 
passing alone , on horseback , through a singularly dreary tract of country ; 
and at length found myself , as the shades of the evening drew on , within view 
of the melancholy House of Usher . I know not how it was—but , with the first 
glimpse of the building , a sense of insufferable gloom pervaded my spirit . I 
say insufferable ; for the feeling was unrelieved by any of that 
half-pleasurable , because poetic , sentiment , with which the mind usually 
receives even the sternest natural images of the desolate or terrible . I 
looked upon the scene before me—upon the mere house , and the simple 
landscape features of the domain—upon the
  bleak walls—upon the vacant eye-like windows—upon a few rank sedges—and 
upon a few white trunks of decayed trees—with an utter depression of soul 
which I can compare to no earthly sensation more properly than to the 
after-dream of the reveler upon opium—the bitter lapse into every-day 
life—the hideous dropping off of the veil . There was an iciness , a sinking 
, a sickening of the heart—an unredeemed dreariness of thought which no 
goading of the imagination could torture into aught of the sublime . What was 
it—I paused to think—what was it that so unnerved me in the contemplation 
of the House of Usher ? It was a mystery all insoluble ; nor could I grapple 
with the shadowy fancies that crowded upon me as I pondered . I was forced to 
fall back upon the unsatisfactory conclusion that while , beyond doubt , there 
are combinations of very simple natural objects which have the power of thus 
affecting us , still the analysis of this power lies among considerations beyond
  our depth . It was possible , I reflected , that a mere different arrangement 
of the particulars of the scene , of the details of the picture , would be 
sufficient to modify , or perhaps to annihilate its capacity for sorrowful 
impression ; and , acting upon this idea , I reined my horse to the precipitous 
brink of a black and lurid tarn that lay in unruffled luster by the dwelling , 
and gazed down—but with a shudder even more thrilling than before—upon the 
remodeled and inverted images of the gray sedge , and the ghastly tree stems , 
and the vacant and eye-like windows . Nevertheless , in this mansion of gloom I 
now proposed to myself a sojourn of some weeks . Its proprietor , Roderick 
Usher , had been one of my boon companions in boyhood ; but many years had 
elapsed since our last meeting . A letter , however , had lately reached me in 
a distant part of the country—a letter from him—which , in its wildly 
importunate nature , had admitted of no other than a personal reply 
 . The MS . gave evidence of nervous agitation . The writer spoke of acute 
bodily illness—of a mental disorder which oppressed him , and of an earnest 
desire to see me , as his best , and indeed his only personal friend , with a 
view of attempting , by the cheerfulness of my society , some alleviation of 
his malady . It was the manner in which all this , and much more , was 
said—it was the apparent heart that went with his request—which allowed me 
no room for hesitation ; and I accordingly obeyed forthwith what I still 
considered a very singular summons . Although , as boys , we had been even 
intimate associates , yet I really knew little of my friend . His reserve had 
been always excessive and habitual . I was aware , however , that his very 
ancient family had been noted , time out of mind , for a peculiar sensibility 
of temperament , displaying itself , through long ages , in many works of 
exalted art , and manifested , of late , in repeated deeds of munificent , yet 
unobtrus
 ive charity , as well as in a passionate devotion to the intricacies , perhaps 
even more than to the orthodox and easily recognizable beauties , of musical 
science . I had learned , too , the very remarkable fact that the stem of the 
Usher race , all time-honored as it was , had put forth , at no period , any 
enduring branch ; in other words , that the entire family lay in the direct 
line of descent , and had always , with very trifling and very temporary 
variation , so lain . It was this deficiency , I considered , while running 
over in thought the perfect keeping of the character of the premises with the 
accredited character of the people , and while speculating upon the possible 
influence which the one , in the long lapse of centuries , might have exercised 
upon the other—it was this deficiency , perhaps , of collateral issue , and 
the consequent undeviating transmission , from sire to son , of the patrimony 
with the name , which had , at length , so identified the two as to me
 rge the original title of the estate in the quaint and equivocal appellation 
of the " House of Usher"—an appellation which seemed to include , in the 
minds of the peasantry who used it , both the family and the family mansion . I 
have said that the sole effect of my somewhat childish experiment of looking 
down within the tarn had been to deepen the first singular impression . There 
can be no doubt that the consciousness of the rapid increase of my 
superstition—for why should I not so term it ? — served mainly to 
accelerate the increase itself . Such , I have long known , is the paradoxical 
law of all sentiments having terror as a basis . And it might have been for 
this reason only , that , when I again uplifted my eyes to the house itself , 
from its image in the pool , there grew in my mind a strange fancy—a fancy so 
ridiculous , indeed , that I but mention it to show the vivid force of the 
sensations which oppressed me . I had so worked upon my imagination as really 
to beli
 eve that about the whole mansion and domain there hung an atmosphere peculiar 
to themselves and their immediate vicinity—an atmosphere which had no 
affinity with the air of heaven , but which had reeked up from the decayed 
trees , and the gray wall , and the silent tarn—a pestilent and mystic vapor 
, dull , sluggish , faintly discernible , and leaden-hued . Shaking off from my 
spirit what must have been a dream , I scanned more narrowly the real aspect of 
the building . Its principal feature seemed to be that of an excessive 
antiquity . The discoloration of ages had been great . Minute fungi overspread 
the whole exterior , hanging in a fine , tangled web-work from the eaves . Yet 
all this was apart from any extraordinary dilapidation . No portion of the 
masonry had fallen ; and there appeared to be a wild inconsistency between its 
still perfect adaptation of parts , and the crumbling condition of the 
individual stones . In this there was much that reminded me of the specious tot
 ality of old woodwork which has rotted for years in some neglected vault , 
with no disturbance from the breath of the external air . Beyond this 
indication of extensive decay , however , the fabric gave little token of 
instability . Perhaps the eye of a scrutinizing observer might have discovered 
a barely perceptible fissure , which , extending from the roof of the building 
in front , made its way down the wall in a zigzag direction , until it became 
lost in the sullen waters of the tarn . Noticing these things , I rode over a 
short causeway to the house . A servant in waiting took my horse , and I 
entered the Gothic archway of the hall . A valet , of stealthy step , thence 
conducted me , in silence , through many dark and intricate passages in my 
progress to the studio of his master . Much that I encountered on the way 
contributed , I know not how , to heighten the vague sentiments of which I have 
already spoken . While the objects around me—while the carvings of the 
ceilings , t
 he somber tapestries of the walls , the ebon blackness of the floors , and the 
phantasmagoric armorial trophies which rattled as I strode , were but matters 
to which , or to such as which , I had been accustomed from my infancy—while 
I hesitated not to acknowledge how familiar was all this—I still wondered to 
find how unfamiliar were the fancies which ordinary images were stirring up . 
On one of the staircases I met the physician of the family . His countenance , 
I thought , wore a mingled expression of low cunning and perplexity . He 
accosted me with trepidation and passed on . The valet now threw open a door 
and ushered me into the presence of his master . The room in which I found 
myself was very large and lofty . The windows were long , narrow , and pointed 
, and at so vast a distance from the black oaken floor as to be altogether 
inaccessible from within . Feeble gleams of encrimsoned light made their way 
through the trellised panes , and served to render sufficiently disti
 nct the more prominent objects around ; the eye , however , struggled in vain 
to reach the remoter angles of the chamber , or the recesses of the vaulted and 
fretted ceiling . Dark draperies hung upon the walls . The general furniture 
was profuse , comfortless , antique , and tattered . Many books and musical 
instruments lay scattered about , but failed to give any vitality to the scene 
. I felt that I breathed an atmosphere of sorrow . An air of stern , deep , and 
irredeemable gloom hung over and pervaded all . Upon my entrance , Usher arose 
from a sofa on which he had been lying at full length , and greeted me with a 
vivacious warmth which had much in it , I at first thought , of an overdone 
cordiality—of the constrained effort of the ennuyé man of the world . A 
glance , however , at his countenance convinced me of his perfect sincerity . 
We sat down ; and for some moments , while he spoke not , I gazed upon him with 
a feeling half of pity , half of awe . Surely , man had never
  before so terribly altered , in so brief a period , as had Roderick Usher ! 
It was with difficulty that I could bring myself to admit the identity of the 
wan being before me with the companion of my early boyhood . Yet the character 
of his face had been at all times remarkable . A cadaverousness of complexion ; 
an eye large , liquid , and luminous beyond comparison ; lips somewhat thin and 
very pallid , but of a surpassingly beautiful curve ; a nose of a delicate 
Hebrew model , but with a breadth of nostril unusual in similar formations ; a 
finely molded chin , speaking , in its want of prominence , of a want of moral 
energy ; hair of a more than web-like softness and tenuity ; these features , 
with an inordinate expansion above the regions of the temple , made up 
altogether a countenance not easily to be forgotten . And now in the mere 
exaggeration of the prevailing character of these features , and of the 
expression they were wont to convey , lay so much of change that I doubted 
 to whom I spoke . The now ghastly pallor of the skin , and the now miraculous 
luster of the eye , above all things startled and even awed me . The silken 
hair , too , had been suffered to grow all unheeded , and as , in its wild 
gossamer texture , it floated rather than fell about the face , I could not , 
even with effort , connect its arabesque expression with any idea of simple 
humanity . In the manner of my friend I was at once struck with an 
incoherence—an inconsistency ; and I soon found this to arise from a series 
of feeble and futile struggles to overcome an habitual trepidancy , an 
excessive nervous agitation . For something of this nature I had indeed been 
prepared , no less by his letter than by reminiscences of certain boyish traits 
, and by conclusions deduced from his peculiar physical conformation and 
temperament . His action was alternately vivacious and sullen . His voice 
varied rapidly from a tremulous indecision ( when the animal spirits seemed 
utterly in abeyanc
 e ) to that species of energetic concision—that abrupt , weighty , unhurried 
, and hollow-sounding enunciation—that leaden , self-balanced , and perfectly 
modulated guttural utterance , which may be observed in the lost drunkard , or 
the irreclaimable eater of opium , during the periods of his most intense 
excitement . It was thus that he spoke of the object of my visit , of his 
earnest desire to see me , and of the solace he expected me to afford him . He 
entered , at some length , into what he conceived to be the nature of his 
malady . It was , he said , a constitutional and a family evil , and one for 
which he despaired to find a remedy—a mere nervous affection , he immediately 
added , which would undoubtedly soon pass off . It displayed itself in a host 
of unnatural sensations . Some of these , as he detailed them , interested and 
bewildered me ; although , perhaps , the terms and the general manner of the 
narration had their weight . He suffered much from a morbid acutene
 ss of the senses . The most insipid food was alone endurable ; he could wear 
only garments of certain texture ; the odors of all flowers were oppressive ; 
his eyes were tortured by even a faint light ; and there were but peculiar 
sounds , and these from stringed instruments , which did not inspire him with 
horror . To an anomalous species of terror I found him a bounden slave . " I 
shall perish , " said he , " I must perish in this deplorable folly . Thus , 
thus , and not otherwise , shall I be lost . I dread the events of the future , 
not in themselves , but in their results . I shudder at the thought of any , 
even the most trivial , incident , which may operate upon this intolerable 
agitation of soul . I have , indeed , no abhorrence of danger , except in its 
absolute effect—in terror . In this unnerved—in this pitiable condition—I 
feel that the period will sooner or later arrive when I must abandon life and 
reason together , in some struggle with the grim phantasm , Fear . 
 " I learned , moreover , at intervals , and through broken and equivocal hints 
, another singular feature of his mental condition . He was enchained by 
certain superstitious impressions in regard to the dwelling which he tenanted , 
and whence , for many years , he had never ventured forth—in regard to an 
influence whose supposititious force was conveyed in terms too shadowy here to 
be restated—an influence which some peculiarities in the mere form and 
substance of his family mansion , had , by dint of long sufferance , he said , 
obtained over his spirit—an effect which the physique of the gray walls and 
turrets , and of the dim tarn into which they all looked down , had , at length 
, brought about upon the morale of his existence . He admitted , however , 
although with hesitation , that much of the peculiar gloom which thus afflicted 
him could be traced to a more natural and far more palpable origin—to the 
severe and long-continued illness—indeed to the evidently approachi
 ng dissolution—of a tenderly beloved sister , his sole companion for long 
years , his last and only relative on earth . " Her decease , " he said , with 
a bitterness which I can never forget , " would leave him ( him the hopeless 
and the frail ) the last of the ancient race of the Ushers . " While he spoke , 
the lady Madeline ( for so was she called ) passed slowly through a remote 
portion of the apartment , and , without having noticed my presence , 
disappeared . I regarded her with an utter astonishment not unmingled with 
dread ; and yet I found it impossible to account for such feelings . A 
sensation of stupor oppressed me , as my eyes followed her retreating steps . 
When a door , at length , closed upon her , my glance sought instinctively and 
eagerly the countenance of the brother ; but he had buried his face in his 
hands , and I could only perceive that a far more than ordinary wanness had 
overspread the emaciated fingers through which trickled many passionate tears . 
The di
 sease of the lady Madeline had long baffled the skill of her physicians . A 
settled apathy , a gradual wasting away of the person , and frequent although 
transient affections of a partially cataleptical character , were the unusual 
diagnosis . Hitherto she had steadily borne up against the pressure of her 
malady , and had not betaken herself finally to bed ; but on the closing in of 
the evening of my arrival at the house , she succumbed ( as her brother told me 
at night with inexpressible agitation ) to the prostrating power of the 
destroyer ; and I learned that the glimpse I had obtained of her person would 
thus probably be the last I should obtain—that the lady , at least while 
living , would be seen by me no more . For several days ensuing her name was 
unmentioned by either Usher or myself ; and during this period I was busied in 
earnest endeavors to alleviate the melancholy of my friend . We painted and 
read together ; or I listened , as if in a dream , to the wild improvisati
 ons of his speaking guitar . And thus , as a closer and still closer intimacy 
admitted me more unreservedly into the recesses of his spirit , the more 
bitterly did I perceive the futility of all attempt at cheering a mind from 
which darkness , as if an inherent positive quality , poured forth upon all 
objects of the moral and physical universe , in one unceasing radiation of 
gloom . I shall ever bear about me a memory of the many solemn hours I thus 
spent alone with the master of the House of Usher . Yet I should fail in any 
attempt to convey an idea of the exact character of the studies , or of the 
occupations in which he involved me , or led me the way . An excited and highly 
distempered ideality threw a sulphurous luster over all . His long , improvised 
dirges will ring forever in my ears . Among other things , I hold painfully in 
mind a certain singular perversion and amplification of the wild air of the 
last waltz of Von Weber . >From the paintings over which his elaborate fancy
  brooded , and which grew , touch by touch , into vaguenesses at which I 
shuddered the more thrillingly because I shuddered knowing not why , — from 
these paintings ( vivid as their images now are before me ) I would in vain 
endeavor to deduce more than a small portion which should lie within the 
compass of merely written words . By the utter simplicity , by the nakedness of 
his designs , he arrested and overawed attention . If ever mortal painted an 
idea , that mortal was Roderick Usher . For me , at least—in the 
circumstances then surrounding me—there arose out of the pure abstractions 
which the hypochondriac contrived to throw upon his canvas , an intensity of 
intolerable awe , no shadow of which felt I ever yet in the contemplation of 
the certainly glowing yet too concrete reveries of Fuseli . One of the 
phantasmagoric conceptions of my friend , partaking not so rigidly of the 
spirit of abstraction , may be shadowed forth , although feebly , in words . A 
small picture pres
 ented the interior of an immensely long and rectangular vault or tunnel , with 
low walls , smooth , white , and without interruption or device . Certain 
accessory points of the design served well to convey the idea that this 
excavation lay at an exceeding depth below the surface of the earth . No outlet 
was observed in any portion of its vast extent , and no torch or other 
artificial source of light was discernible ; yet a flood of intense rays rolled 
throughout , and bathed the whole in a ghastly and inappropriate splendor . I 
have just spoken of that morbid condition of the auditory nerve which rendered 
all music intolerable to the sufferer , with the exception of certain effects 
of stringed instruments . It was , perhaps , the narrow limits to which he thus 
confined himself upon the guitar , which gave birth , in great measure , to the 
fantastic character of his performances . But the fervid facility of his 
impromptus could not be so accounted for . They must have been , and were
  , in the notes , as well as in the words of his wild fantasias ( for he not 
unfrequently accompanied himself with rimed verbal improvisations ) , the 
result of that intense mental collectedness and concentration to which I have 
previously alluded as observable only in particular moments of the highest 
artificial excitement . The words of one of these rhapsodies I have easily 
remembered . I was , perhaps , the more forcibly impressed with it , as he gave 
it , because , in the under or mystic current of its meaning , I fancied that I 
perceived , and for the first time , a full consciousness on the part of Usher 
, of the tottering of his lofty reason upon her throne . The verses , which 
were entitled " The Haunted Palace , " ran very nearly , if not accurately , 
thus : I. In the greenest of our valleys , By good angels tenanted , Once a 
fair and stately palace — Radiant palace—reared its head . In the monarch 
Thought 's dominion — It stood there ! Never seraph spread a pinion Ov
 er fabric half so fair . II . Banners yellow , glorious , golden , On its roof 
did float and flow ; ( This—all this—was in the olden Time long ago ) And 
every gentle air that dallied , In that sweet day , Along the ramparts plumed 
and pallid , A wingèd odor went away . III . Wanderers in that happy valley 
Through two luminous windows saw Spirits moving musically To a lute 's 
well-tunèd law , Round about a throne , where sitting ( Porphyrogene ! ) In 
state his glory well befitting , The ruler of the realm was seen . IV . And all 
with pearl and ruby glowing Was the fair palace door , Through which came 
flowing , flowing , flowing And sparkling evermore , A troop of Echoes whose 
sweet duty Was but to sing , In voices of surpassing beauty , The wit and 
wisdom of their king . V. But evil things , in robes of sorrow , Assailed the 
monarch 's high estate ( Ah , let us mourn , for never morrow Shall dawn upon 
him , desolate ! ) ; And , round about his home , the glory That blushed and
  bloomed Is but a dim-remembered story Of the old time entombed . VI . And 
travelers now within that valley , Through the red-litten windows , see Vast 
forms that move fantastically To a discordant melody ; While , like a rapid 
ghastly river , Through the pale door , A hideous throng rush out forever , And 
laugh—but smile no more . I well remember that suggestions arising from this 
ballad led us into a train of thought wherein there became manifest an opinion 
of Usher 's which I mention not so much on account of its novelty ( for other 
men[1 ] have thought thus ) as on account of the pertinacity with which he 
maintained it . This opinion , in its general form , was that of the sentience 
of all vegetable things . But , in his disordered fancy , the idea had assumed 
a more daring character , and trespassed , under certain conditions , upon the 
kingdom of inorganization . I lack words to express the full extent or the 
earnest abandon of his persuasion . The belief , however , was con
 nected ( as I have previously hinted ) with the gray stones of the home of his 
forefathers . The conditions of the sentience had been here , he imagined , 
fulfilled in the method of collocation of these stones—in the order of their 
arrangement , as well as in that of the many fungi which overspread them , and 
of the decayed trees which stood around—above all , in the long-undisturbed 
endurance of this arrangement , and in its reduplication in the still waters of 
the tarn . Its evidence—the evidence of the sentience—was to be seen , he 
said ( and I here started as he spoke ) , in the gradual yet certain 
condensation of an atmosphere of their own about the waters and the walls . The 
result was discoverable , he added , in that silent , yet importunate and 
terrible influence which for centuries had molded the destinies of his family , 
and which made him what I now saw him—what he was . Such opinions need no 
comment , and I will make none . Our books—the books which , for ye
 ars , had formed no small portion of the mental existence of the 
invalid—were , as might be supposed , in strict keeping with this character 
of phantasm . We pored together over such works as the Ververt et Chartreuse of 
Gresset ; the Belphegor of Machiavelli ; the Heaven and Hell of Swedenborg ; 
the Subterranean Voyage of Nicholas Klimm by Holberg ; the Chiromancy of Robert 
Flud , of Jean D’Indaginé , and of De la Chambre ; the Journey into the Blue 
Distance of Tieck ; and the City of the Sun of Campanella . One favorite volume 
was a small octavo edition of the Directorium Inquisitorium , by the Dominican 
Eymeric de Cironne ; and there were passages in Pomponius Mela , about the old 
African Satyrs and Œgipans , over which Usher would sit dreaming for hours . 
His chief delight , however , was found in the perusal of an exceedingly rare 
and curious book in quarto Gothic—the manual of a forgotten church—the 
Vigiliae Mortuorum secundum Chorum Ecclesiae Maguntinae . I could no
 t help thinking of the wild ritual of this work , and of its probable 
influence upon the hypochondriac , when , one evening , having informed me 
abruptly that the lady Madeline was no more , he stated his intention of 
preserving her corpse for a fortnight ( previously to its final interment ) in 
one of the numerous vaults within the main walls of the building . The worldly 
reason , however , assigned for this singular proceeding , was one which I did 
not feel at liberty to dispute . The brother had been led to his resolution , 
so he told me , by consideration of the unusual character of the malady of the 
deceased , of certain obtrusive and eager inquiries on the part of her medical 
men , and of the remote and exposed situation of the burial ground of the 
family . I will not deny that when I called to mind the sinister countenance of 
the person whom I met upon the staircase , on the day of my arrival at the 
house , I had no desire to oppose what I regarded as at best but a harmless ,
  and by no means an unnatural precaution . At the request of Usher , I 
personally aided him in the arrangements for the temporary entombment . The 
body having been encoffined , we two alone bore it to its rest . The vault in 
which we placed it ( and which had been so long unopened that our torches , 
half smothered in its oppressive atmosphere , gave us little opportunity for 
investigation ) was small , damp , and entirely without means of admission for 
light ; lying , at great depth , immediately beneath that portion of the 
building in which was my own sleeping apartment . It had been used , apparently 
, in remote feudal times , for the worst purposes of a donjon-keep , and in 
later days , as a place of deposit for powder , or some other highly 
combustible substance , as a portion of its floor , and the whole interior of a 
long archway through which we reached it , were carefully sheathed with copper 
. The door , of massive iron , had been also similarly protected . Its immense 
weig
 ht caused an unusually sharp grating sound , as it moved upon its hinges . 
Having deposited our mournful burden upon tressels within this region of horror 
, we partially turned aside the yet unscrewed lid of the coffin , and looked 
upon the face of the tenant . A striking similitude between the brother and 
sister now first arrested my attention ; and Usher , divining , perhaps , my 
thoughts , murmured out some few words from which I learned that the deceased 
and himself had been twins , and that sympathies of a scarcely intelligible 
nature had always existed between them . Our glances , however , rested not 
long upon the dead—for we could not regard her unawed . The disease which had 
thus entombed the lady in the maturity of youth , had left , as usual in all 
maladies of a strictly cataleptical character , the mockery of a faint blush 
upon the bosom and the face , and that suspiciously lingering smile upon the 
lip which is so terrible in death . We replaced and screwed down the li
 d , and having secured the door of iron , made our way , with toil , into the 
scarcely less gloomy apartments of the upper portion of the house . And now , 
some days of bitter grief having elapsed , an observable change came over the 
features of the mental disorder of my friend . His ordinary manner had vanished 
. His ordinary occupations were neglected or forgotten . He roamed from chamber 
to chamber with hurried , unequal , and objectless step . The pallor of his 
countenance had assumed , if possible , a more ghastly hue—but the 
luminousness of his eye had utterly gone out . The once occasional huskiness of 
his tone was heard no more ; and a tremulous quaver , as if of extreme terror , 
habitually characterized his utterance . There were times , indeed , when I 
thought his unceasingly agitated mind was laboring with some oppressive secret 
, to divulge which he struggled for the necessary courage . At times , again , 
I was obliged to resolve all into the mere inexplicable vagaries
  of madness ; for I beheld him gazing upon vacancy for long hours , in an 
attitude of the profoundest attention , as if listening to some imaginary sound 
. It was no wonder that his condition terrified—that it infected me . I felt 
creeping upon me , by slow yet certain degrees , the wild influence of his own 
fantastic yet impressive superstitions . It was , especially , upon retiring to 
bed late in the night of the seventh or eighth day after the placing of the 
lady Madeline within the donjon , that I experienced the full power of such 
feelings . Sleep came not near my couch , while the hours waned and waned away 
. I struggled to reason off the nervousness which had dominion over me . I 
endeavored to believe that much , if not all of what I felt , was due to the 
bewildering influence of the gloomy furniture of the room—of the dark and 
tattered draperies , which , tortured into motion by the breath of a rising 
tempest , swayed fitfully to and fro upon the walls , and rustled unea
 sily about the decorations of the bed . But my efforts were fruitless . An 
irrepressible tremor gradually pervaded my frame ; and , at length , there sat 
upon my very heart an incubus of utterly causeless alarm . Shaking this off 
with a gasp and a struggle , I uplifted myself upon the pillows , and peering 
earnestly within the intense darkness of the chamber , hearkened—I know not 
why , except that an instinctive spirit prompted me—to certain low and 
indefinite sounds which came , through the pauses of the storm , at long 
intervals , I knew not whence . Overpowered by an intense sentiment of horror , 
unaccountable yet unendurable , I threw on my clothes with haste ( for I felt 
that I should sleep no more during the night ) , and endeavored to arouse 
myself from the pitiable condition into which I had fallen , by pacing rapidly 
to and fro through the apartment . I had taken but few turns in this manner , 
when a light step on an adjoining staircase arrested my attention . I presen
 tly recognized it as that of Usher . In an instant afterward he rapped , with 
a gentle touch , at my door , and entered , bearing a lamp . His countenance 
was , as usual , cadaverously wan—but , moreover , there was a species of mad 
hilarity in his eyes—and evidently restrained hysteria in his whole demeanor 
. His air appalled me—but anything was preferable to the solitude which I had 
so long endured , and I even welcomed his presence as a relief . " And you have 
not seen it ? " he said abruptly , after having stared about him for some 
moments in silence—"You have not then seen it ? — but stay ! you shall . " 
Thus speaking , and having carefully shaded his lamp , he hurried to one of the 
casements , and threw it freely open to the storm . The impetuous fury of the 
entering gust nearly lifted us from our feet . It was , indeed , a tempestuous 
yet sternly beautiful night , and one wildly singular in its terror and its 
beauty . A whirlwind had apparently collected its force i
 n our vicinity ; for there were frequent and violent alterations in the 
direction of the wind ; and the exceeding density of the clouds ( which hung so 
low as to press upon the turrets of the house ) did not prevent our perceiving 
the lifelike velocity with which they flew careering from all points against 
each other , without passing away into the distance . I say that even their 
exceeding density did not prevent our perceiving this—yet we had no glimpse 
of the moon or stars—nor was there any flashing forth of the lightning . But 
the under surfaces of the huge masses of agitated vapor , as well as all 
terrestrial objects immediately around us , were glowing in the unnatural light 
of a faintly luminous and distinctly visible gaseous exhalation which hung 
about and enshrouded the mansion . " You must not—you shall not behold this ! 
" said I , shudderingly , to Usher , as I led him , with a gentle violence , 
from the window to a seat . " These appearances , which bewilder you , 
 are merely electrical phenomena not uncommon—or it may be that they have 
their ghastly origin in the rank miasma of the tarn . Let us close this 
casement—the air is chilling and dangerous to your frame . Here is one of 
your favorite romances . I will read and you shall listen ; — and so we will 
pass away this terrible night together . " The antique volume which I had taken 
up was the " Mad Trist " of Sir Launcelot Canning ; but I had called it a 
favorite of Usher 's more in sad jest than in earnest ; for , in truth , there 
is little in its uncouth and unimaginative prolixity which could have had 
interest for the lofty and spiritual ideality of my friend . It was , however , 
the only book immediately at hand ; and I indulged a vague hope that the 
excitement which now agitated the hypochondriac , might find relief ( for the 
history of mental disorder is full of similar anomalies ) even in the 
extremeness of the folly which I should read . Could I have judged , indeed , 
by the wi
 ld , overstrained air of vivacity with which he hearkened , or apparently 
harkened , to the words of the tale , I might well have congratulated myself 
upon the success of my design . I had arrived at that well-known portion of the 
story where Ethelred , the hero of the Trist , having sought in vain for 
peaceable admission into the dwelling of the hermit , proceeds to make good an 
entrance by force . Here , it will be remembered , the words of the narrative 
run thus : " And Ethelred , who was by nature of a doughty heart , and who was 
now mighty withal , on account of the powerfulness of the wine which he had 
drunken , waited no longer to hold parley with the hermit , who , in sooth , 
was of an obstinate and maliceful turn ; but , feeling the rain upon his 
shoulders , and fearing the rising of the tempest , uplifted his mace outright 
, and , with blows , made quickly room in the plankings of the door for his 
gauntleted hand ; and now pulling therewith sturdily , he so cracked , and r
 ipped , and tore all asunder , that the noise of the dry and hollow-sounding 
wood alarummed and reverberated throughout the forest . " At the termination of 
this sentence I started , and for a moment paused ; for it appeared to me ( 
although I at once concluded that my excited fancy had deceived me)—it 
appeared to me that , from some very remote portion of the mansion , there came 
, indistinctly , to my ears what might have been , in its exact similarity of 
character , the echo ( but a stifled and dull one certainly ) of the very 
cracking and ripping sound which Sir Launcelot had so particularly described . 
It was , beyond doubt , the coincidence alone which had arrested my attention ; 
for , amid the rattling of the sashes of the casements , and the ordinary 
commingled noises of the still increasing storm , the sound , in itself , had 
nothing , surely , which should have interested or disturbed me . I continued 
the story : " But the good champion Ethelred , now entering within the
  door , was sore enraged and amazed to perceive no signal of the maliceful 
hermit ; but , in the stead thereof , a dragon of a scaly and prodigious 
demeanor , and of a fiery tongue , which sate in guard before a palace of gold 
, with a floor of silver ; and upon the wall there hung a shield of shining 
brass with this legend enwritten — Who entereth herein , a conqueror hath bin 
; Who slayeth the dragon , the shield he shall win ; And Ethelred uplifted his 
mace , and struck upon the head of the dragon , which fell before him , and 
gave up his pesty breath , with a shriek so horrid and harsh , and withal so 
piercing , that Ethelred had fain to close his ears with his hands against the 
dreadful noise of it , the like whereof was never before heard . " Here again I 
paused abruptly , and now with a feeling of wild amazement—for there could be 
no doubt whatever that , in this instance , I did actually hear ( although from 
what direction it proceeded I found it impossible to say ) a lo
 w and apparently distant , but harsh , protracted , and most unusual screaming 
or grating sound—the exact counterpart of what my fancy had already conjured 
up for the dragon 's unnatural shriek as described by the romancer . Oppressed 
, as I certainly was , upon the occurrence of this second and most 
extraordinary coincidence , by a thousand conflicting sensations , in which 
wonder and extreme terror were predominant , I still retained sufficient 
presence of mind to avoid exciting , by any observation , the sensitive 
nervousness of my companion . I was by no means certain that he had noticed the 
sounds in question ; although , assuredly , a strange alteration had , during 
the last few minutes , taken place in his demeanor . From a position fronting 
my own , he had gradually brought round his chair , so as to sit with his face 
to the door of the chamber ; and thus I could but partially perceive his 
features , although I saw that his lips trembled as if he were murmuring 
inaudibly .
  His head had dropped upon his breast—yet I knew that he was not asleep , 
from the wide and rigid opening of the eye as I caught a glance of it in 
profile . The motion of his body , too , was at variance with this idea—for 
he rocked from side to side with a gentle yet constant and uniform sway . 
Having rapidly taken notice of all this , I resumed the narrative of Sir 
Launcelot , which thus proceeded : " And now the champion , having escaped from 
the terrible fury of the dragon , bethinking himself of the brazen shield , and 
of the breaking up of the enchantment which was upon it , removed the carcass 
from out of the way before him , and approached valorously over the silver 
pavement of the castle to where the shield was upon the wall ; which in sooth 
tarried not for his full coming , but fell down at his feet upon the silver 
floor , with a mighty great and terrible ringing sound . " No sooner had these 
syllables passed my lips , than—as if a shield of brass had indeed , at the
  moment , fallen heavily upon a floor of silver—I became aware of a distinct 
, hollow , metallic and clangorous , yet apparently muffled reverberation . 
Completely unnerved , I leaped to my feet ; but the measured rocking movement 
of Usher was undisturbed . I rushed to the chair in which he sat . His eyes 
were bent fixedly before him , and throughout his whole countenance there 
reigned a stony rigidity . But , as I placed my hand upon his shoulder , there 
came a strong shudder over his whole person ; a sickly smile quivered about his 
lips ; and I saw that he spoke in a low , hurried , and gibbering murmur , as 
if unconscious of my presence . Bending closely over him , I at length drank in 
the hideous import of his words . " Not hear it ? — yes , I hear it , and 
have heard it . Long—long—long—many minutes , many hours , many days , 
have I heard it—yet I dared not—oh , pity me , miserable wretch that I am ! 
— I dared not—I dared not speak ! We have put her living in 
 the tomb ! Said I not that my senses were acute ? I now tell you that I heard 
her first feeble movements in the hollow coffin . I heard them—many , many 
days ago—yet I dared not—I dared not speak ! And 
now—to-night—Ethelred—ha ! ha ! — the breaking of the hermit 's door , 
and the death-cry of the dragon , and the clangor of the shield ! — say , 
rather , the rending of her coffin , and the grating of the iron hinges of her 
prison , and her struggles within the coppered archway of the vault ! Oh , 
whither shall I fly ? Will she not be here anon ? Is she not hurrying to 
upbraid me for my haste ? Have I not heard her footstep on the stair ? Do I not 
distinguish that heavy and horrible beating of her heart ? Madman ! " — here 
he sprang furiously to his feet , and shrieked out his syllables , as if in the 
effort he were giving up his soul—"Madman ! I tell you that she now stands 
without the door ! " As if in the superhuman energy of his utterance there had 
been found t
 he potency of a spell—the huge antique pannels to which the speaker pointed 
threw slowly back , upon the instant , their ponderous and ebony jaws . It was 
the work of the rushing gust—but then without those doors there did stand the 
lofty and enshrouded figure of the lady Madeline of Usher . There was blood 
upon her white robes , and the evidence of some bitter struggle upon every 
portion of her emaciated frame . For a moment she remained trembling and 
reeling to and fro upon the threshold—then , with a low , moaning cry , fell 
heavily inward upon the person of her brother , and in her violent and now 
final death-agonies , bore him to the floor a corpse , and a victim to the 
terrors he had anticipated . From that chamber , and from that mansion , I fled 
aghast . The storm was still abroad in all its wrath as I found myself crossing 
the old causeway . Suddenly there shot along the path a wild light , and I 
turned to see whence a gleam so unusual could have issued ; for the vast
  house and its shadows were alone behind me . The radiance was that of the 
full , setting , and blood-red moon , which now shone vividly through that once 
barely discernible fissure , of which I have before spoken as extending from 
the roof of the building , in a zigzag direction , to the base . While I gazed 
, this fissure rapidly widened—there came a fierce breath of the 
whirlwind—the entire orb of the satellite burst at once upon my sight—my 
brain reeled as I saw the mighty walls rushing asunder—there was a long 
tumultuous shouting sound like the voice of a thousand waters—and the deep 
and dank tarn at my feet closed sullenly and silently over the fragments of the 
" House of Usher . " 
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+ Part One , Chapter 10 When Levin went into the restaurant with Oblonsky , 
he could not help noticing a certain peculiarity of expression , as it were , a 
restrained radiance , about the face and whole figure of Stepan Arkadyevitch . 
Oblonsky took off his overcoat , and with his hat over one ear walked into the 
dining room , giving directions to the Tatar waiters , who were clustered about 
him in evening coats , bearing napkins . Bowing to right and left to the people 
he met , and here as everywhere joyously greeting acquaintances , he went up to 
the sideboard for a preliminary appetizer of fish and vodka , and said to the 
painted Frenchwoman decked in ribbons , lace , and ringlets , behind the 
counter , something so amusing that even that Frenchwoman was moved to genuine 
laughter . Levin for his part refrained from taking any vodka simply because he 
felt such a loathing of that Frenchwoman , all made up , it seemed , of false 
hair , poudre de riz , and vinaigre de toilette . He 
 made haste to move away from her , as from a dirty place . His whole soul was 
filled with memories of Kitty , and there was a smile of triumph and happiness 
shining in his eyes . " This way , your excellency , please . Your excellency 
wo n't be disturbed here , " said a particularly pertinacious , white-headed 
old Tatar with immense hips and coat-tails gaping widely behind . " Walk in , 
your excellency , " he said to Levin ; by way of showing his respect to Stepan 
Arkadyevitch , being attentive to his guest as well . Instantly flinging a 
fresh cloth over the round table under the bronze chandelier , though it 
already had a table cloth on it , he pushed up velvet chairs , and came to a 
standstill before Stepan Arkadyevitch with a napkin and a bill of fare in his 
hands , awaiting his commands . " If you prefer it , your excellency , a 
private room will be free directly ; Prince Golistin with a lady . Fresh 
oysters have come in . " " Ah ! oysters . " Stepan Arkadyevitch became thoughtf
 ul . " How if we were to change our program , Levin ? " he said , keeping his 
finger on the bill of fare . And his face expressed serious hesitation . " Are 
the oysters good ? Mind now . " " They 're Flensburg , your excellency . We 've 
no Ostend . " " Flensburg will do , but are they fresh ? " " Only arrived 
yesterday . " " Well , then , how if we were to begin with oysters , and so 
change the whole program ? Eh ? " " It 's all the same to me . I should like 
cabbage soup and porridge better than anything ; but of course there 's nothing 
like that here . " " Porridge à la Russe , your honor would like ? " said the 
Tatar , bending down to Levin , like a nurse speaking to a child . " No , 
joking apart , whatever you choose is sure to be good . I 've been skating , 
and I 'm hungry . And do n't imagine , " he added , detecting a look of 
dissatisfaction on Oblonsky 's face , " that I sha n't appreciate your choice . 
I am fond of good things . " " I should hope so ! After all , it 's one
  of the pleasures of life , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch . " Well , then , my 
friend , you give us two—or better say three—dozen oysters , clear soup 
with vegetables ... " " Printaniere , " prompted the Tatar . But Stepan 
Arkadyevitch apparently did not care to allow him the satisfaction of giving 
the French names of the dishes . " With vegetables in it , you know . Then 
turbot with thick sauce , then ... roast beef ; and mind it 's good . Yes , and 
capons , perhaps , and then sweets . " The Tatar , recollecting that it was 
Stepan Arkadyevitch 's way not to call the dishes by the names in the French 
bill of fare , did not repeat them after him , but could not resist rehearsing 
the whole menu to himself according to the bill : — " Soupe printanière , 
turbot , sauce Beaumarchais , poulard à l'estragon , macédoine de fruits ... 
etc. , " and then instantly , as though worked by springs , laying down one 
bound bill of fare , he took up another , the list of wines , and submitted i
 t to Stepan Arkadyevitch . " What shall we drink ? " " What you like , only 
not too much . Champagne , " said Levin . " What ! to start with ? You 're 
right though , I dare say . Do you like the white seal ? " " Cachet blanc , " 
prompted the Tatar . " Very well , then , give us that brand with the oysters , 
and then we 'll see . " " Yes , sir . And what table wine ? " " You can give us 
Nuits . Oh , no , better the classic Chablis . " " Yes , sir . And your cheese 
, your excellency ? " " Oh , yes , Parmesan . Or would you like another ? " " 
No , it 's all the same to me , " said Levin , unable to suppress a smile . And 
the Tatar ran off with flying coat-tails , and in five minutes darted in with a 
dish of opened oysters on mother-of-pearl shells , and a bottle between his 
fingers . Stepan Arkadyevitch crushed the starchy napkin , tucked it into his 
waistcoat , and settling his arms comfortably , started on the oysters . " Not 
bad , " he said , stripping the oysters from the pearly sh
 ell with a silver fork , and swallowing them one after another . " Not bad , " 
he repeated , turning his dewy , brilliant eyes from Levin to the Tatar . Levin 
ate the oysters indeed , though white bread and cheese would have pleased him 
better . But he was admiring Oblonsky . Even the Tatar , uncorking the bottle 
and pouring the sparkling wine into the delicate glasses , glanced at Stepan 
Arkadyevitch , and settled his white cravat with a perceptible smile of 
satisfaction . " You do n't care much for oysters , do you ? " said Stepan 
Arkadyevitch , emptying his wine glass , " or you 're worried about something . 
Eh ? " He wanted Levin to be in good spirits . But it was not that Levin was 
not in good spirits ; he was ill at ease . With what he had in his soul , he 
felt sore and uncomfortable in the restaurant , in the midst of private rooms 
where men were dining with ladies , in all this fuss and bustle ; the 
surroundings of bronzes , looking glasses , gas , and waiters—all of it wa
 s offensive to him . He was afraid of sullying what his soul was brimful of . 
" I ? Yes , I am ; but besides , all this bothers me , " he said . " You ca n't 
conceive how queer it all seems to a country person like me , as queer as that 
gentleman 's nails I saw at your place ... " " Yes , I saw how much interested 
you were in poor Grinevitch 's nails , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch , laughing . 
" It 's too much for me , " responded Levin . " Do try , now , and put yourself 
in my place , take the point of view of a country person . We in the country 
try to bring our hands into such a state as will be most convenient for working 
with . So we cut our nails ; sometimes we turn up our sleeves . And here people 
purposely let their nails grow as long as they will , and link on small saucers 
by way of studs , so that they can do nothing with their hands . " Stepan 
Arkadyevitch smiled gaily . " Oh , yes , that 's just a sign that he has no 
need to do coarse work . His work is with the mind ... 
 " " Maybe . But still it 's queer to me , just as at this moment it seems 
queer to me that we country folks try to get our meals over as soon as we can , 
so as to be ready for our work , while here are we trying to drag out our meal 
as long as possible , and with that object eating oysters ... " " Why , of 
course , " objected Stepan Arkadyevitch . " But that 's just the aim of 
civilization—to make everything a source of enjoyment . " " Well , if that 's 
its aim , I 'd rather be a savage . " " And so you are a savage . All you 
Levins are savages . " Levin sighed . He remembered his brother Nikolay , and 
felt ashamed and sore , and he scowled ; but Oblonsky began speaking of a 
subject which at once drew his attention . " Oh , I say , are you going tonight 
to our people , the Shtcherbatskys ' , I mean ? " he said , his eyes sparkling 
significantly as he pushed away the empty rough shells , and drew the cheese 
towards him . " Yes , I shall certainly go , " replied Levin ; " though I f
 ancied the princess was not very warm in her invitation . " " What nonsense ! 
That 's her manner ... . Come , boy , the soup ! ... . That 's her 
manner—grande dame , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch . " I 'm coming , too , but I 
have to go to the Countess Bonina 's rehearsal . Come , is n't it true that you 
're a savage ? How do you explain the sudden way in which you vanished from 
Moscow ? The Shtcherbatskys were continually asking me about you , as though I 
ought to know . The only thing I know is that you always do what no one else 
does . " " Yes , " said Levin , slowly and with emotion , " you 're right . I 
am a savage . Only , my savageness is not in having gone away , but in coming 
now . Now I have come ... " " Oh , what a lucky fellow you are ! " broke in 
Stepan Arkadyevitch , looking into Levin 's eyes . " Why ? " " I know a gallant 
steed by tokens sure , And by his eyes I know a youth in love , " declaimed 
Stepan Arkadyevitch . " Everything is before you . " " Why , is it over 
 for you already ? " " No ; not over exactly , but the future is yours , and 
the present is mine , and the present—well , it 's not all that it might be . 
" " How so ? " " Oh , things go wrong . But I do n't want to talk of myself , 
and besides I ca n't explain it all , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch . " Well , why 
have you come to Moscow , then ? ... . Hi ! take away ! " he called to the 
Tatar . " You guess ? " responded Levin , his eyes like deep wells of light 
fixed on Stepan Arkadyevitch . " I guess , but I ca n't be the first to talk 
about it . You can see by that whether I guess right or wrong , " said Stepan 
Arkadyevitch , gazing at Levin with a subtle smile . " Well , and what have you 
to say to me ? " said Levin in a quivering voice , feeling that all the muscles 
of his face were quivering too . " How do you look at the question ? " Stepan 
Arkadyevitch slowly emptied his glass of Chablis , never taking his eyes off 
Levin . " I ? " said Stepan Arkadyevitch , " there 's nothing 
 I desire so much as that—nothing ! It would be the best thing that could be 
. " " But you 're not making a mistake ? You know what we 're speaking of ? " 
said Levin , piercing him with his eyes . " You think it 's possible ? " " I 
think it 's possible . Why not possible ? " " No ! do you really think it 's 
possible ? No , tell me all you think ! Oh , but if ... if refusal 's in store 
for me ! ... Indeed I feel sure ... " " Why should you think that ? " said 
Stepan Arkadyevitch , smiling at his excitement . " It seems so to me sometimes 
. That will be awful for me , and for her too . " " Oh , well , anyway there 's 
nothing awful in it for a girl . Every girl 's proud of an offer . " " Yes , 
every girl , but not she . " Stepan Arkadyevitch smiled . He so well knew that 
feeling of Levin 's , that for him all the girls in the world were divided into 
two classes : one class—all the girls in the world except her , and those 
girls with all sorts of human weaknesses , and very ordinary 
 girls : the other class—she alone , having no weaknesses of any sort and 
higher than all humanity . " Stay , take some sauce , " he said , holding back 
Levin 's hand as it pushed away the sauce . Levin obediently helped himself to 
sauce , but would not let Stepan Arkadyevitch go on with his dinner . " No , 
stop a minute , stop a minute , " he said . " You must understand that it 's a 
question of life and death for me . I have never spoken to any one of this . 
And there 's no one I could speak of it to , except you . You know we 're 
utterly unlike each other , different tastes and views and everything ; but I 
know you 're fond of me and understand me , and that 's why I like you awfully 
. But for God 's sake , be quite straightforward with me . " " I tell you what 
I think , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch , smiling . " But I 'll say more : my wife 
is a wonderful woman ... " Stepan Arkadyevitch sighed , remembering his 
position with his wife , and , after a moment 's silence , resumed—
 "She has a gift of foreseeing things . She sees right through people ; but 
that 's not all ; she knows what will come to pass , especially in the way of 
marriages . She foretold , for instance , that Princess Shahovskaya would marry 
Brenteln . No one would believe it , but it came to pass . And she 's on your 
side . " " How do you mean ? " " It 's not only that she likes you—she says 
that Kitty is certain to be your wife . " At these words Levin 's face suddenly 
lighted up with a smile , a smile not far from tears of emotion . " She says 
that ! " cried Levin . " I always said she was exquisite , your wife . There , 
that 's enough , enough said about it , " he said , getting up from his seat . 
" All right , but do sit down . " But Levin could not sit down . He walked with 
his firm tread twice up and down the little cage of a room , blinked his 
eyelids that his tears might not fall , and only then sat down to the table . " 
You must understand , " said he , " it 's not love . I 've b
 een in love , but it 's not that . It 's not my feeling , but a sort of force 
outside me has taken possession of me . I went away , you see , because I made 
up my mind that it could never be , you understand , as a happiness that does 
not come on earth ; but I 've struggled with myself , I see there 's no living 
without it . And it must be settled . " " What did you go away for ? " " Ah , 
stop a minute ! Ah , the thoughts that come crowding on one ! The questions one 
must ask oneself ! Listen . You ca n't imagine what you 've done for me by what 
you said . I 'm so happy that I 've become positively hateful ; I 've forgotten 
everything . I heard today that my brother Nikolay ... you know , he 's here 
... I had even forgotten him . It seems to me that he 's happy too . It 's a 
sort of madness . But one thing 's awful ... . Here , you 've been married , 
you know the feeling ... it 's awful that we—old—with a past ... not of 
love , but of sins ... are brought all at once so near to 
 a creature pure and innocent ; it 's loathsome , and that 's why one ca n't 
help feeling oneself unworthy . " " Oh , well , you 've not many sins on your 
conscience . " " Alas ! all the same , " said Levin , " when with loathing I go 
over my life , I shudder and curse and bitterly regret it ... . Yes . " " What 
would you have ? The world 's made so , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch . " The one 
comfort is like that prayer , which I always liked : 'Forgive me not according 
to my unworthiness , but according to Thy lovingkindness . ' That 's the only 
way she can forgive me . " 
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+ Part One , Chapter 11 Levin emptied his glass , and they were silent for a 
while . " There 's one other thing I ought to tell you . Do you know Vronsky ? 
" Stepan Arkadyevitch asked Levin . " No , I do n't . Why do you ask ? " " Give 
us another bottle , " Stepan Arkadyevitch directed the Tatar , who was filling 
up their glasses and fidgeting round them just when he was not wanted . " Why 
you ought to know Vronsky is that he 's one of your rivals . " " Who 's Vronsky 
? " said Levin , and his face was suddenly transformed from the look of 
childlike ecstasy which Oblonsky had just been admiring to an angry and 
unpleasant expression . " Vronsky is one of the sons of Count Kirill Ivanovitch 
Vronsky , and one of the finest specimens of the gilded youth of Petersburg . I 
made his acquaintance in Tver when I was there on official business , and he 
came there for the levy of recruits . Fearfully rich , handsome , great 
connections , an aide-de-camp , and with all that a very nice , good-
 natured fellow . But he 's more than simply a good-natured fellow , as I 've 
found out here—he 's a cultivated man , too , and very intelligent ; he 's a 
man who 'll make his mark . " Levin scowled and was dumb . " Well , he turned 
up here soon after you 'd gone , and as I can see , he 's over head and ears in 
love with Kitty , and you know that her mother ... " " Excuse me , but I know 
nothing , " said Levin , frowning gloomily . And immediately he recollected his 
brother Nikolay and how hateful he was to have been able to forget him . " You 
wait a bit , wait a bit , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch , smiling and touching his 
hand . " I 've told you what I know , and I repeat that in this delicate and 
tender matter , as far as one can conjecture , I believe the chances are in 
your favor . " Levin dropped back in his chair ; his face was pale . " But I 
would advise you to settle the thing as soon as may be , " pursued Oblonsky , 
filling up his glass . " No , thanks , I ca n't drink any 
 more , " said Levin , pushing away his glass . " I shall be drunk ... . Come , 
tell me how are you getting on ? " he went on , obviously anxious to change the 
conversation . " One word more : in any case I advise you to settle the 
question soon . Tonight I do n't advise you to speak , " said Stepan 
Arkadyevitch . " Go round tomorrow morning , make an offer in due form , and 
God bless you ... " " Oh , do you still think of coming to me for some shooting 
? Come next spring , do , " said Levin . Now his whole soul was full of remorse 
that he had begun this conversation with Stepan Arkadyevitch . A feeling such 
as his was profaned by talk of the rivalry of some Petersburg officer , of the 
suppositions and the counsels of Stepan Arkadyevitch . Stepan Arkadyevitch 
smiled . He knew what was passing in Levin 's soul . " I 'll come some day , " 
he said . " But women , my boy , they 're the pivot everything turns upon . 
Things are in a bad way with me , very bad . And it 's all through women 
 . Tell me frankly now , " he pursued , picking up a cigar and keeping one hand 
on his glass ; " give me your advice . " " Why , what is it ? " " I 'll tell 
you . Suppose you 're married , you love your wife , but you 're fascinated by 
another woman ... " " Excuse me , but I 'm absolutely unable to comprehend how 
... just as I ca n't comprehend how I could now , after my dinner , go straight 
to a baker 's shop and steal a roll . " Stepan Arkadyevitch 's eyes sparkled 
more than usual . " Why not ? A roll will sometimes smell so good one ca n't 
resist it . " " Himmlisch ist 's , wenn ich bezwungen Meine irdische Begier ; 
Aber doch wenn 's nich gelungen Hatt ' ich auch recht huebsch Plaisir ! " As he 
said this , Stepan Arkadyevitch smiled subtly . Levin , too , could not help 
smiling . " Yes , but joking apart , " resumed Stepan Arkadyevitch , " you must 
understand that the woman is a sweet , gentle loving creature , poor and lonely 
, and has sacrificed everything . Now , when the thing
  's done , do n't you see , can one possibly cast her off ? Even supposing one 
parts from her , so as not to break up one 's family life , still , can one 
help feeling for her , setting her on her feet , softening her lot ? " " Well , 
you must excuse me there . You know to me all women are divided into two 
classes ... at least no ... truer to say : there are women and there are ... I 
've never seen exquisite fallen beings , and I never shall see them , but such 
creatures as that painted Frenchwoman at the counter with the ringlets are 
vermin to my mind , and all fallen women are the same . " " But the Magdalen ? 
" " Ah , drop that ! Christ would never have said those words if He had known 
how they would be abused . Of all the Gospel those words are the only ones 
remembered . However , I 'm not saying so much what I think , as what I feel . 
I have a loathing for fallen women . You 're afraid of spiders , and I of these 
vermin . Most likely you 've not made a study of spiders and do n
 't know their character ; and so it is with me . " " It 's very well for you 
to talk like that ; it 's very much like that gentleman in Dickens who used to 
fling all difficult questions over his right shoulder . But to deny the facts 
is no answer . What 's to be done—you tell me that , what 's to be done ? 
Your wife gets older , while you 're full of life . Before you 've time to look 
round , you feel that you ca n't love your wife with love , however much you 
may esteem her . And then all at once love turns up , and you 're done for , 
done for , " Stepan Arkadyevitch said with weary despair . Levin half smiled . 
" Yes , you 're done for , " resumed Oblonsky . " But what 's to be done ? " " 
Do n't steal rolls . " Stepan Arkadyevitch laughed outright . " Oh , moralist ! 
But you must understand , there are two women ; one insists only on her rights 
, and those rights are your love , which you ca n't give her ; and the other 
sacrifices everything for you and asks for nothing . What a
 re you to do ? How are you to act ? There 's a fearful tragedy in it . " " If 
you care for my profession of faith as regards that , I 'll tell you that I do 
n't believe there was any tragedy about it . And this is why . To my mind , 
love ... both the sorts of love , which you remember Plato defines in his 
Banquet , served as the test of men . Some men only understand one sort , and 
some only the other . And those who only know the non-platonic love have no 
need to talk of tragedy . In such love there can be no sort of tragedy . 'I 'm 
much obliged for the gratification , my humble respects'—that 's all the 
tragedy . And in platonic love there can be no tragedy , because in that love 
all is clear and pure , because ... " At that instant Levin recollected his own 
sins and the inner conflict he had lived through . And he added unexpectedly : 
" But perhaps you are right . Very likely ... I do n't know , I do n't know . " 
" It 's this , do n't you see , " said Stepan Arkadyevitch , " yo
 u 're very much all of a piece . That 's your strong point and your failing . 
You have a character that 's all of a piece , and you want the whole of life to 
be of a piece too—but that 's not how it is . You despise public official 
work because you want the reality to be invariably corresponding all the while 
with the aim—and that 's not how it is . You want a man 's work , too , 
always to have a defined aim , and love and family life always to be 
undivided—and that 's not how it is . All the variety , all the charm , all 
the beauty of life is made up of light and shadow . " Levin sighed and made no 
reply . He was thinking of his own affairs , and did not hear Oblonsky . And 
suddenly both of them felt that though they were friends , though they had been 
dining and drinking together , which should have drawn them closer , yet each 
was thinking only of his own affairs , and they had nothing to do with one 
another . Oblonsky had more than once experienced this extreme sense of al
 oofness , instead of intimacy , coming on after dinner , and he knew what to 
do in such cases . " Bill ! " he called , and he went into the next room where 
he promptly came across an aide-de-camp of his acquaintance and dropped into 
conversation with him about an actress and her protector . And at once in the 
conversation with the aide-de-camp Oblonsky had a sense of relaxation and 
relief after the conversation with Levin , which always put him to too great a 
mental and spiritual strain . When the Tatar appeared with a bill for 
twenty-six roubles and odd kopecks , besides a tip for himself , Levin , who 
would another time have been horrified , like any one from the country , at his 
share of fourteen roubles , did not notice it , paid , and set off homewards to 
dress and go to the Shtcherbatskys ' there to decide his fate . 
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+ CHAPTER XIX At the men 's end of the table the talk grew more and more 
animated . The colonel told them that the declaration of war had already 
appeared in Petersburg and that a copy , which he had himself seen , had that 
day been forwarded by courier to the commander in chief . " And why the deuce 
are we going to fight Bonaparte ? " remarked Shinshin . " He has stopped 
Austria 's cackle and I fear it will be our turn next . " The colonel was a 
stout , tall , plethoric German , evidently devoted to the service and 
patriotically Russian . He resented Shinshin 's remark . " It is for the 
reasson , my goot sir , " said he , speaking with a German accent , " for the 
reasson zat ze Emperor knows zat . He declares in ze manifessto zat he cannot 
fiew wiz indifference ze danger vreatening Russia and zat ze safety and dignity 
of ze Empire as vell as ze sanctity of its alliances ... " he spoke this last 
word with particular emphasis as if in it lay the gist of the matter . Then 
with the u
 nerring official memory that characterized him he repeated from the opening 
words of the manifesto : ... and the wish , which constitutes the Emperor 's 
sole and absolute aim--to establish peace in Europe on firm foundations--has 
now decided him to despatch part of the army abroad and to create a new 
condition for the attainment of that purpose . " Zat , my dear sir , is vy ... 
" he concluded , drinking a tumbler of wine with dignity and looking to the 
count for approval . " Connaissez-vous le Proverbe : * 'Jerome , Jerome , do 
not roam , but turn spindles at home ! ' ? " said Shinshin , puckering his 
brows and smiling . " Cela nous convient a merveille . *[2 ] Suvorov now--he 
knew what he was about ; yet they beat him a plate couture , *[3 ] and where 
are we to find Suvorovs now ? Je vous demande un peu , " *[4 ] said he , 
continually changing from French to Russian . * Do you know the proverb ? [ 2 ] 
That suits us down to the ground . [ 3 ] Hollow . [ 4 ] I just ask you that . " 
V
 e must vight to the last tr-r-op of our plood ! " said the colonel , thumping 
the table ; " and ve must tie for our Emperor , and zen all vill pe vell . And 
ve must discuss it as little as po-o-ossible " ... he dwelt particularly on the 
word possible ... " as po-o-ossible , " he ended , again turning to the count . 
" Zat is how ve old hussars look at it , and zere 's an end of it ! And how do 
you , a young man and a young hussar , how do you judge of it ? " he added , 
addressing Nicholas , who when he heard that the war was being discussed had 
turned from his partner with eyes and ears intent on the colonel . " I am quite 
of your opinion , " replied Nicholas , flaming up , turning his plate round and 
moving his wineglasses about with as much decision and desperation as though he 
were at that moment facing some great danger . " I am convinced that we 
Russians must die or conquer , " he concluded , conscious--as were 
others--after the words were uttered that his remarks were too enthu
 siastic and emphatic for the occasion and were therefore awkward . " What you 
said just now was splendid ! " said his partner Julie . Sonya trembled all over 
and blushed to her ears and behind them and down to her neck and shoulders 
while Nicholas was speaking . Pierre listened to the colonel 's speech and 
nodded approvingly . " That 's fine , " said he . " The young man 's a real 
hussar ! " shouted the colonel , again thumping the table . " What are you 
making such a noise about over there ? " Marya Dmitrievna 's deep voice 
suddenly inquired from the other end of the table . " What are you thumping the 
table for ? " she demanded of the hussar , " and why are you exciting yourself 
? Do you think the French are here ? " " I am speaking ze truce , " replied the 
hussar with a smile . " It 's all about the war , " the count shouted down the 
table . " You know my son 's going , Marya Dmitrievna ? My son is going . " " I 
have four sons in the army but still I do n't fret . It is all in Go
 d 's hands . You may die in your bed or God may spare you in a battle , " 
replied Marya Dmitrievna 's deep voice , which easily carried the whole length 
of the table . " That 's true ! " Once more the conversations concentrated , 
the ladies ' at the one end and the men 's at the other . " You wo n't ask , " 
Natasha 's little brother was saying ; " I know you wo n't ask ! " " I will , " 
replied Natasha . Her face suddenly flushed with reckless and joyous resolution 
. She half rose , by a glance inviting Pierre , who sat opposite , to listen to 
what was coming , and turning to her mother : " Mamma ! " rang out the clear 
contralto notes of her childish voice , audible the whole length of the table . 
" What is it ? " asked the countess , startled ; but seeing by her daughter 's 
face that it was only mischief , she shook a finger at her sternly with a 
threatening and forbidding movement of her head . The conversation was hushed . 
" Mamma ! What sweets are we going to have ? " and Natasha
  's voice sounded still more firm and resolute . The countess tried to frown , 
but could not . Marya Dmitrievna shook her fat finger . " Cossack ! " she said 
threateningly . Most of the guests , uncertain how to regard this sally , 
looked at the elders . " You had better take care ! " said the countess . " 
Mamma ! What sweets are we going to have ? " Natasha again cried boldly , with 
saucy gaiety , confident that her prank would be taken in good part . Sonya and 
fat little Petya doubled up with laughter . " You see ! I have asked , " 
whispered Natasha to her little brother and to Pierre , glancing at him again . 
" Ice pudding , but you wo n't get any , " said Marya Dmitrievna . Natasha saw 
there was nothing to be afraid of and so she braved even Marya Dmitrievna . " 
Marya Dmitrievna ! What kind of ice pudding ? I do n't like ice cream . " " 
Carrot ices . " " No ! What kind , Marya Dmitrievna ? What kind ? " she almost 
screamed ; " I want to know ! " Marya Dmitrievna and the countess
  burst out laughing , and all the guests joined in . Everyone laughed , not at 
Marya Dmitrievna 's answer but at the incredible boldness and smartness of this 
little girl who had dared to treat Marya Dmitrievna in this fashion . Natasha 
only desisted when she had been told that there would be pineapple ice . Before 
the ices , champagne was served round . The band again struck up , the count 
and countess kissed , and the guests , leaving their seats , went up to " 
congratulate " the countess , and reached across the table to clink glasses 
with the count , with the children , and with one another . Again the footmen 
rushed about , chairs scraped , and in the same order in which they had entered 
but with redder faces , the guests returned to the drawing room and to the 
count 's study . 
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+ CHAPTER II Anna Pavlovna 's drawing room was gradually filling . The 
highest Petersburg society was assembled there : people differing widely in age 
and character but alike in the social circle to which they belonged . Prince 
Vasili 's daughter , the beautiful Helene , came to take her father to the 
ambassador 's entertainment ; she wore a ball dress and her badge as maid of 
honor . The youthful little Princess Bolkonskaya , known as la femme la plus 
seduisante de Petersbourg , * was also there . She had been married during the 
previous winter , and being pregnant did not go to any large gatherings , but 
only to small receptions . Prince Vasili 's son , Hippolyte , had come with 
Mortemart , whom he introduced . The Abbe Morio and many others had also come . 
* The most fascinating woman in Petersburg . To each new arrival Anna Pavlovna 
said , " You have not yet seen my aunt , " or " You do not know my aunt ? " and 
very gravely conducted him or her to a little old lady , wearing l
 arge bows of ribbon in her cap , who had come sailing in from another room as 
soon as the guests began to arrive ; and slowly turning her eyes from the 
visitor to her aunt , Anna Pavlovna mentioned each one 's name and then left 
them . Each visitor performed the ceremony of greeting this old aunt whom not 
one of them knew , not one of them wanted to know , and not one of them cared 
about ; Anna Pavlovna observed these greetings with mournful and solemn 
interest and silent approval . The aunt spoke to each of them in the same words 
, about their health and her own , and the health of Her Majesty , " who , 
thank God , was better today . " And each visitor , though politeness prevented 
his showing impatience , left the old woman with a sense of relief at having 
performed a vexatious duty and did not return to her the whole evening . The 
young Princess Bolkonskaya had brought some work in a gold-embroidered velvet 
bag . Her pretty little upper lip , on which a delicate dark down was jus
 t perceptible , was too short for her teeth , but it lifted all the more 
sweetly , and was especially charming when she occasionally drew it down to 
meet the lower lip . As is always the case with a thoroughly attractive woman , 
her defect--the shortness of her upper lip and her half-open mouth--seemed to 
be her own special and peculiar form of beauty . Everyone brightened at the 
sight of this pretty young woman , so soon to become a mother , so full of life 
and health , and carrying her burden so lightly . Old men and dull dispirited 
young ones who looked at her , after being in her company and talking to her a 
little while , felt as if they too were becoming , like her , full of life and 
health . All who talked to her , and at each word saw her bright smile and the 
constant gleam of her white teeth , thought that they were in a specially 
amiable mood that day . The little princess went round the table with quick , 
short , swaying steps , her workbag on her arm , and gaily spreadin
 g out her dress sat down on a sofa near the silver samovar , as if all she was 
doing was a pleasure to herself and to all around her . " I have brought my 
work , " said she in French , displaying her bag and addressing all present . " 
Mind , Annette , I hope you have not played a wicked trick on me , " she added 
, turning to her hostess . " You wrote that it was to be quite a small 
reception , and just see how badly I am dressed . " And she spread out her arms 
to show her short-waisted , lace-trimmed , dainty gray dress , girdled with a 
broad ribbon just below the breast . " Soyez tranquille , Lise , you will 
always be prettier than anyone else , " replied Anna Pavlovna . " You know , " 
said the princess in the same tone of voice and still in French , turning to a 
general , " my husband is deserting me ? He is going to get himself killed . 
Tell me what this wretched war is for ? " she added , addressing Prince Vasili 
, and without waiting for an answer she turned to speak to his dau
 ghter , the beautiful Helene . " What a delightful woman this little princess 
is ! " said Prince Vasili to Anna Pavlovna . One of the next arrivals was a 
stout , heavily built young man with close-cropped hair , spectacles , the 
light-colored breeches fashionable at that time , a very high ruffle , and a 
brown dress coat . This stout young man was an illegitimate son of Count 
Bezukhov , a well-known grandee of Catherine 's time who now lay dying in 
Moscow . The young man had not yet entered either the military or civil service 
, as he had only just returned from abroad where he had been educated , and 
this was his first appearance in society . Anna Pavlovna greeted him with the 
nod she accorded to the lowest hierarchy in her drawing room . But in spite of 
this lowest-grade greeting , a look of anxiety and fear , as at the sight of 
something too large and unsuited to the place , came over her face when she saw 
Pierre enter . Though he was certainly rather bigger than the other men in
  the room , her anxiety could only have reference to the clever though shy , 
but observant and natural , expression which distinguished him from everyone 
else in that drawing room . " It is very good of you , Monsieur Pierre , to 
come and visit a poor invalid , " said Anna Pavlovna , exchanging an alarmed 
glance with her aunt as she conducted him to her . Pierre murmured something 
unintelligible , and continued to look round as if in search of something . On 
his way to the aunt he bowed to the little princess with a pleased smile , as 
to an intimate acquaintance . Anna Pavlovna 's alarm was justified , for Pierre 
turned away from the aunt without waiting to hear her speech about Her Majesty 
's health . Anna Pavlovna in dismay detained him with the words : " Do you know 
the Abbe Morio ? He is a most interesting man . " " Yes , I have heard of his 
scheme for perpetual peace , and it is very interesting but hardly feasible . " 
" You think so ? " rejoined Anna Pavlovna in order to say s
 omething and get away to attend to her duties as hostess . But Pierre now 
committed a reverse act of impoliteness . First he had left a lady before she 
had finished speaking to him , and now he continued to speak to another who 
wished to get away . With his head bent , and his big feet spread apart , he 
began explaining his reasons for thinking the abbe 's plan chimerical . " We 
will talk of it later , " said Anna Pavlovna with a smile . And having got rid 
of this young man who did not know how to behave , she resumed her duties as 
hostess and continued to listen and watch , ready to help at any point where 
the conversation might happen to flag . As the foreman of a spinning mill , 
when he has set the hands to work , goes round and notices here a spindle that 
has stopped or there one that creaks or makes more noise than it should , and 
hastens to check the machine or set it in proper motion , so Anna Pavlovna 
moved about her drawing room , approaching now a silent , now a too-noisy 
 group , and by a word or slight rearrangement kept the conversational machine 
in steady , proper , and regular motion . But amid these cares her anxiety 
about Pierre was evident . She kept an anxious watch on him when he approached 
the group round Mortemart to listen to what was being said there , and again 
when he passed to another group whose center was the abbe . Pierre had been 
educated abroad , and this reception at Anna Pavlovna 's was the first he had 
attended in Russia . He knew that all the intellectual lights of Petersburg 
were gathered there and , like a child in a toyshop , did not know which way to 
look , afraid of missing any clever conversation that was to be heard . Seeing 
the self-confident and refined expression on the faces of those present he was 
always expecting to hear something very profound . At last he came up to Morio 
. Here the conversation seemed interesting and he stood waiting for an 
opportunity to express his own views , as young people are fond of doi
 ng . 
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