Agreed; losing the ground connection must not create an unsafe
condition, but leakage is inevitable, even if it is much less than 1 mA,
so that when the ground connection is lost, accessible parts may be at
50 V or so to ground when touched, which can be felt as a mild shock.
On 2026-06-12 23:42, Ralph McDiarmid wrote:
A fundamental axiom across all modern product‑safety standards is that
two independent levels of protection must exist so that no single
failure can result in a hazard or in an unsafe condition.
*From:*John Woodgate <[email protected]>
*Sent:* June 12, 2026 8:58 AM
*To:* [email protected]
*Subject:* Re: [PSES] [EXTERNAL] [PSES] Friday Question - in the USA,
ground pin down or gorund pin up?
Yes, but that by itself should not create an unsafe condition. A
second fault is needed (NOT!) to make accessible conducting parts
live. There might be a mild shock due to leakage current, though.
On 2026-06-12 16:24, Ted Eckert wrote:
However, if the plug is pulled at a severe angle, there is a risk
that the ground connection breaks before line and neutral.
--
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