Michael Ross via EV wrote:
​A sail is impractical, unmanageable, a very good way to tip over with out
a keel or daggerboard.

Pedaling adds almost nothing as most of us have a hard time producing
100Watts continuously.​

So called small wind energy is a money pit with no real payback

Geothermal is costly because you can't drill a deep hole just anywhere and
it costs a lot

All true. But, there are special cases. Just to play devil's advocate:

If you *are* getting power for a boat, then PV on the sail *does* make some sense. You have an enormous amount of area on those sails. I've seen small PV arrays on sailboats, but haven't seen a "Yankee Clipper" solar-powered racing sailboat yet. Possible?

Pedaling certainly works if the vehicle is very small. Joel Davidson commuted regularly on a 3-wheel recumbent trike with a 2' x 4' PV panel for a "roof".

Small wind power works just fine for locations where you just don't have the room for PV, or have problems with things like snow. It can also be very cheap if done right (we have this modern propensity to vastly over-complicate everything). Remember that millions of of farmers successfully used windmills for decades before rural electrification.

Geothermal is easy if you happen to be next to a river or lake. Or, I went to school in Michigan's Keewanaw peninsula. There are hundreds of abandoned mines left over from the copper mining boom times. So there are buildings that get their heating and cooling simply by ducting in the air from some old mine shaft or air vent. It's 68 deg.F year round!

Also, on PV for vehicles. I've wondered why they haven't built a commuter train with PV panels on the roof. Rail has such low rolling resistance and such a huge amount of roof area that I'll bet you could make a considerable amount of your power with PV. If I wanted to set a land speed record for a purely solar powered vehicle, I'd build a solar car that ran on rails!

Don't take these as serious suggestions for widespread use. But they *are* examples of special case solutions that might be useful in certain circumstances. :-)
--
Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit
them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations.
(Steve Jobs)
--
Lee Hart, 814 8th Ave N, Sartell MN 56377, www.sunrise-ev.com
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