On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 1:59:40 AM UTC-6, Bruce wrote:
>
> On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 5:39 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected] 
> <javascript:>> wrote:
>
>> On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 1:08:33 AM UTC-6, Bruce wrote:
>>>
>>> On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 4:57 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> 
>>> wrote:
>>>
>>>>
>>>> But if virtual particles don't exist, if they're based on conceptual 
>>>> errors, what's the basis for claiming the vacuum is not a vacuum of 
>>>> nothingness? AG 
>>>>
>>>
>>> Virtual particles are a useful heuristic for evaluating a perturbation 
>>> series. The conceptual error is to reify the terms in this series, 
>>> particularly the virtual particles. Quantum foam, or the picture of virtual 
>>> particles fluctuating in and out of existence, everywhere, and all the 
>>> time. Is a major conceptual confusion. There are no such things as quantum 
>>> fluctuations in the requisite sense. Disconnected Feynman diagrams do not 
>>> contribute to physical processes -- this is an elementary text-book result.
>>>
>>> Bruce 
>>>
>>
>> How then do you interpret the Casimir Effect? Isn't it used to 
>> experimentally establish the existence of virtual particles? AG 
>>
>
> The Casimir effect is perfectly well explained in terms of Van der Waals 
> type forces. Explanations in terms of virtual particles don't really work 
> because virtual particles do not exert any force on anything -- because 
> they are not real!!!!
>
> Bruce
>

I see. What about the vacuum energy? What does it consist of if not virtual 
particles? AG  

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