On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 2:47:39 AM UTC-6, Alan Grayson wrote:
>
>
>
> On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 1:59:40 AM UTC-6, Bruce wrote:
>>
>> On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 5:39 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> wrote:
>>
>>> On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 1:08:33 AM UTC-6, Bruce wrote:
>>>>
>>>> On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 4:57 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected]> 
>>>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> But if virtual particles don't exist, if they're based on conceptual 
>>>>> errors, what's the basis for claiming the vacuum is not a vacuum of 
>>>>> nothingness? AG 
>>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Virtual particles are a useful heuristic for evaluating a perturbation 
>>>> series. The conceptual error is to reify the terms in this series, 
>>>> particularly the virtual particles. Quantum foam, or the picture of 
>>>> virtual 
>>>> particles fluctuating in and out of existence, everywhere, and all the 
>>>> time. Is a major conceptual confusion. There are no such things as quantum 
>>>> fluctuations in the requisite sense. Disconnected Feynman diagrams do not 
>>>> contribute to physical processes -- this is an elementary text-book result.
>>>>
>>>> Bruce 
>>>>
>>>
>>> How then do you interpret the Casimir Effect? Isn't it used to 
>>> experimentally establish the existence of virtual particles? AG 
>>>
>>
>> The Casimir effect is perfectly well explained in terms of Van der Waals 
>> type forces. Explanations in terms of virtual particles don't really work 
>> because virtual particles do not exert any force on anything -- because 
>> they are not real!!!!
>>
>> Bruce
>>
>
> I see. What about the vacuum energy? What does it consist of if not 
> virtual particles? AG  
>

Part of what I'm getting at is this; if the vacuum energy has anything to 
do with the quantized EM field, the values 1/2*hbar *omega aren't photons! 
So what is the form of energy in the vacuum? AG

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