On Tuesday, August 27, 2019 at 1:08:33 AM UTC-6, Bruce wrote:
>
> On Tue, Aug 27, 2019 at 4:57 PM Alan Grayson <[email protected] 
> <javascript:>> wrote:
>
>>
>> But if virtual particles don't exist, if they're based on conceptual 
>> errors, what's the basis for claiming the vacuum is not a vacuum of 
>> nothingness? AG 
>>
>
> Virtual particles are a useful heuristic for evaluating a perturbation 
> series. The conceptual error is to reify the terms in this series, 
> particularly the virtual particles. Quantum foam, or the picture of virtual 
> particles fluctuating in and out of existence, everywhere, and all the 
> time. Is a major conceptual confusion. There are no such things as quantum 
> fluctuations in the requisite sense. Disconnected Feynman diagrams do not 
> contribute to physical processes -- this is an elementary text-book result.
>
> Bruce 
>

How then do you interpret the Casimir Effect? Isn't it used to 
experimentally establish the existence of virtual particles? AG 

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