>
>By the way, am I hallucinating or are marcato markings like [the hat 
>accent] unusual in piano music?  After half a century of looking at 
>piano music, I don't remember seeing those, but I do remember (and 
>find, now that I look) countless > marks, of course.  I use marcatos 
>mostly in wind parts, but I don't think I've ever put one in a piano 
>score.... live and learn, I guess.
>
>Linda Worsley
>

It's certainly less common than the usual accent, but not at all rare 
or unorthodox. I have in front of me the Dover volume of Gottschalk 
reprints, and he appears to use the hat accent exclusively, and in 
almost every piece. Other 19th-c. composers, I'm sure, use both types 
together.

Like many of the standard articulation signs, this one has changed 
its meaning over time. It now means a heavy, violent accent, 
somewhere between > and sfz, but before ca. 1850 it meant an accent 
that was leaned into rather than punched, therefore a *less* violent 
effect than the >. The hat symbol is in fact a graphic representation 
of a swell, just as the > is a short diminuendo.
-- 
Andrew Stiller
Kallisti Music Press

http://www.kallistimusic.com

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