>About Xerox, one of the first jobs I had in a print shop was making copies
>on one of the first Xerox machines. It was nothing more that a tray with
>plastic beads and toner and I rolled it back and forth to deposit toner on a
>charged metal sheet. Dropping the paper onto the metal sheet  and fusing it
>without any smudges was the tricky part.

This was Haloid Xerox Corporation's first major product and preceded the 
introduction of the revolutionary 914 copier, the first plain-paper 
xerographic copier, by several years.

The paper "plates" made as described above were mounted on an 
Addressograph-Multigraph Multilith(R) 1250 offset printing press, and 
quite a few good copies could be made thereby.

This Haloid process was rendered obsolete by a 3M presensitized aluminum 
plate system, which required an arc lamp for plate exposure, and a film 
negative.

Just to show that things come full-circle, the 3M system required a film 
negative, and a Linotype(R) Linotronic(R) L200P (about 1540 dpi) or L300P 
(about 2540 dpi) could produce negatives for the 3M (or competitive) 
system directly from a Mac, the usual server for a Linotronic.

Now, "direct to press" is used, with no platemaking being required at all.

Numerous job shops have Original Heidelberg (or competitive) 
direct-to-press systems, either one, two or four color, and several 
newspapers are printed using direct-to-press technology.

Again with respect to the Haloid system, the toner could be touched-up 
before fusing, and normally some touch-up was required.

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