We used to have agriculture, as well as forests, when CO2 was below current levels, even in preindustrial eras.
Sent from my iPhone > On Jun 17, 2022, at 12:48 PM, SALTER Stephen <[email protected]> wrote: > > > Hi John > That is good to know. I had heard that greenhouse owners thought it useful > to increase CO2. I expect that they would also be adding other stuff. But > the question I wanted people to think about was having CO2 levels below > preindustrial. > Stephen > > From: John Harte <[email protected]> > Sent: Friday, June 17, 2022 5:42 PM > To: SALTER Stephen <[email protected]> > Cc: Renaud de RICHTER <[email protected]>; > healthy-planet-action-coalition > <[email protected]>; Healthy Climate Alliance > <[email protected]>; Healthy Climate Initiative > <[email protected]>; [email protected] > Subject: Re: [geo] RE: Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish > That Fact. > > This email was sent to you by someone outside the University. > You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the > email is genuine and the content is safe. > Actually people have “consulted the vegetables” about this. Carefully > controlled CO2 manipulation experiments generally reveal that when plants are > subjected to higher CO2 levels, with everything else, including water, N, and > P, remaining at ambient levels, then either the C:N ratio of plant tissue > increases and as a result herbivory increases so that herbivores can get > their needed nitrogen, or not much at all happens because of water > limitation. In both cases there is little or no net increase in production. > > There are of course circumstances in which increasing CO2 can augment > production but they are unlikely to be found in the real world, especially in > a world in which water supply has been altered by the climate effects of > increasing CO2. > > > John Harte > Distinguished Professor of the > Graduate School > Ecosystem Sciences > ERG/ESPM > University of California > Berkeley, CA 94720 > [email protected] > > > > > > > > > > > > On Jun 17, 2022, at 9:31 AM, SALTER Stephen <[email protected]> wrote: > > Hi All > Has anybody consulted the vegetables about carbon dioxide being a pollutant? > Some of my best food . . . > Stephen > > From: [email protected] > <[email protected]> On Behalf Of Renaud de > RICHTER > Sent: Friday, June 17, 2022 4:25 PM > To: healthy-planet-action-coalition > <[email protected]>; Healthy Climate Alliance > <[email protected]>; Healthy Climate Initiative > <[email protected]> > Subject: Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact. > > This email was sent to you by someone outside the University. > You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the > email is genuine and the content is safe. > Greenhouse gases must be legally phased out, US scientists argue > https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/16/greenhouse-gases-must-be-legally-phased-out-us-scientists-argue > > You can sign the petition > https://cprclimate.org/about/actions-campaigns/petition-to-epa/ > > ---------- Forwarded message --------- > De : James Hansen <[email protected]> > Date: ven. 17 juin 2022 à 16:53 > Subject: Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact. > > View this email in your browser > > A PDF of this Communication is available on my webpage, along with prior > Communications and other resources. > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Tweet to your followers > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Share on your Facebook > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Forward to your friends > <~WRD1838.jpg> > > Fig. 1. Global surface temperature relative to 1880-1920 mean. > > > Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact. > > May 2022 Temperature Update > > 17 June 2022 > James Hansen, Makiko Sato and Reto Ruedy > > CO2 fits perfectly EPA’s definition of a chemical substance that presents “an > unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.” Congress, with > strong bipartisan agreement, established the Toxic Substances Control Act > (TSCA; acronym pronounced tosca) in 1976 and – with bipartisan support again > – strengthened the law in 2016. This law has been used successfully to phase > out or reduce many substances, including asbestos, lead in paint, PCBs, and > CFCs[1]. EPA has broad latitude in how to achieve reductions and can work > with other agencies for that purpose. > > Citizens may petition EPA on the need to address a pollutant under TSCA. EPA > must respond to a petition within 90 days. Yesterday several of us[a] > delivered to EPA a petition[2] for phase out of greenhouse gas (GHG) > pollution to restore a stable and healthy climate. The prospects for EPA to > accept their obligation will be much improved if we can present them with an > impressive list of endorsers of the petition. Please examine the petition and > consider adding your name as an endorser of the petition. United States > citizens are especially relevant as endorsers, but there is also value in > support of world citizens for what is a global problem. > > Fig. 1, our global temperature update, is a reminder that the world is headed > inexorably toward hotter conditions, as the cooling effect of the current > strong La Nina barely got global temperature down to the increasing trendline > of global temperature. The 12-month running-mean temperature is already > heading toward the next global record that will occur in conjunction with the > next El Nino.[3] > > > [a] Dan Galpern (Hansen’s long-time attorney, who worked for months on this > petition), Donn Vivianni (retired EPA scientist who alerted us to the TSCA > potential for greenhouse gases), Lisa Van Susteren (physician, writer and > world’s leading authority on the psychiatric effects on young people of daily > news about growing climate impacts while adults do little to alter the > course), and atmospheric chemist John Birks, and Hansen. (Co-petitioner > climate accountability analyst Richard Heede could not be present for the > delivery to EPA). > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > > Fig. 2. Cumulative 1751-2020 fossil fuel carbon emissions (tons C/person; > 2020 populations). Horizontal lines are multiples of the global mean. The > order of individual nations from left to right is based on cumulative > national emissions. > > Fig. 2 is a reminder that the United States is most responsible for the > fossil fuel CO2emissions that are the dominant cause of human-made climate > change. We can also be leaders in the solution if we begin to make the > polluters pay via a steadily rising carbon fee with the funds distributed to > the public (a conservative, bipartisan approach). Of course, the timing has > to be right. The best time was years ago. If the rising price had started a > decade and a half ago, when Obama and Biden were elected and had the > opportunity afforded by a global financial emergency, U.S. emissions and > fossil fuel use would be down at least 40% and we would have plenty of excess > energy capacity to help Europe with its near-term fossil fuel energy demands. > > Evoking TSCA will not demand an instant carbon price – the timing needs to be > sensible. However, it will be a huge step, putting us on a course with the > potential to address the climate problem globally. The huge U.S. economy > allows the opportunity to affect the global approach via border duties on > products from countries that do not have a carbon fee. > > Other policies also need to be sensible. Whose idea was it to immediately > halt import of Russian fuels? The predictable effect was to raise the price > of fossil fuels, causing huge pain in the West – and in the rest of the > world, which thus must choose to look the other way as Ukraine suffers. > > What courage. When Putin says that he will get angry if we send the weapons > that Ukrainians need to defend their nation, our leaders quake and instead > take actions that sacrifice Ukrainian lives, raise our own energy costs, and > increase Putin’s profits needed to wage war. > > It’s expecting a lot to ask young people to understand what their political > leaders are doing, but as we mentioned in last month’s temperature update, > that seems to be necessary, and young people have tremendous potential > political power. More on that later. > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > > Hansen, Van Susteren, Vivianni and Galpern about to deliver petition (Birks > was photographer). > > > [1] CFCs hardly seemed toxic. In early advertisements, the chemical industry > showed a person breathing in “harmless” CFCs, but then we discovered their > impact on the ozone layer and their greenhouse gas effect. Likewise, CO2 was > initially thought to be a beneficial gas; and so it is, if you limit the > dosage. > [2] Viviani, D.J., J. Birks, R. Heede, L. Van Susteren, J.E. Hansen, Climate > Science, Awareness and Solutions, and Climate Protection & Restoration > Initiative, Petition to the Environmental Protection Agency to Phase-out > Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Remove Legacy GHGs, 16 June 2022. Part I > and Part II (Select scientific and economic considerations). > [3] The promised discussion about the record current planetary energy > imbalance will need to wait a while. > > Donate to CSAS Columbia > > Donate to CSAS, Inc. > FOLLOW US HERE > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Subscribe to my future Communications > <~WRD1838.jpg> > CSAS EI Website > <~WRD1838.jpg> > CSAS, Inc. Website > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Dr. Hansen's Webpage > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Dr. Hansen's Facebook > <~WRD1838.jpg> > Dr. Hansen's Twitter > <~WRD1838.jpg> > CSAS YouTube > > > Copyright © 2022 Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions. All rights > reserved. > > > > > > > > > > > > <~WRD1838.jpg> > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "Healthy Planet Action Coalition" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/healthy-planet-action-coalition/CAHodn9_XGYcOkTSSbsSGqhmzQcDFRYD1oxzM0%2BfCLNOwK4YBPw%40mail.gmail.com. > For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout. > The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, > with registration number SC005336. Is e buidheann carthannais a th’ ann an > Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann, clàraichte an Alba, àireamh clàraidh SC005336. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "geoengineering" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/DB7PR05MB56923B50AF33BEEFFF7CF06AA7AF9%40DB7PR05MB5692.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com. > > -- > You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups > "geoengineering" group. > To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an > email to [email protected]. > To view this discussion on the web visit > https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/geoengineering/DB7PR05MB5692B269EC7B3B7039ACE801A7AF9%40DB7PR05MB5692.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com. -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "geoengineering" group. 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