Stephen, Many substances can be pollutants at one level but essential elements for growth of biota at lower levels i.e. it all depends on the dose as Paracelsus stated some 500 years ago "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison."
Chris. On Friday, 17 June 2022 at 16:32:03 UTC+1 Stephen Salter wrote: > Hi All > > Has anybody consulted the vegetables about carbon dioxide being a > pollutant? Some of my best food . . . > > Stephen > > > > *From:* [email protected] < > [email protected]> *On Behalf Of *Renaud de RICHTER > *Sent:* Friday, June 17, 2022 4:25 PM > *To:* healthy-planet-action-coalition <[email protected]>; > Healthy Climate Alliance <[email protected]>; Healthy > Climate Initiative <[email protected]> > *Subject:* Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact. > > > > *This email was sent to you by someone outside the University.* > > You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the > email is genuine and the content is safe. > > *Greenhouse gases must be legally phased out, US scientists argue* > > > https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/jun/16/greenhouse-gases-must-be-legally-phased-out-us-scientists-argue > > > > You can sign the petition > > https://cprclimate.org/about/actions-campaigns/petition-to-epa/ > > > > ---------- Forwarded message --------- > De : *James Hansen* <[email protected]> > Date: ven. 17 juin 2022 à 16:53 > Subject: Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact. > > > > View this email in your browser > <https://mailchi.mp/caa/carbon-dioxide-is-a-pollutant-please-help-establish-that-fact?e=bee29348b6> > > > > > A PDF of this Communication is available on my* webpage > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=4b161c144d&e=bee29348b6>*, > > along with prior Communications and other resources. > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Tweet to your followers] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=61aef7a59e&e=bee29348b6> > > Tweet to your followers > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=63506ffd2f&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Share on your Facebook] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=9ac18d788d&e=bee29348b6> > > Share on your Facebook > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=5f2311ae81&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Forward to your friends] > <http://us1.forward-to-friend.com/forward?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=c3d4e889f2&e=bee29348b6> > > Forward to your friends > <http://us1.forward-to-friend.com/forward?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=c3d4e889f2&e=bee29348b6> > > > [image: Image removed by sender.] > > > > *Fig. 1. Global surface temperature relative to 1880-1920 mean.* > > > > > * Carbon Dioxide Is a Pollutant. Please Help Establish That Fact.* > > *May 2022 Temperature Update* > > 17 June 2022 > James Hansen, Makiko Sato and Reto Ruedy > > > > CO2 fits perfectly EPA’s definition of a chemical substance that presents > “an unreasonable risk of injury to health or the environment.” Congress, > with strong bipartisan agreement, established the Toxic Substances Control > Act (TSCA; acronym pronounced tosca) in 1976 and – with bipartisan support > again – strengthened the law in 2016. This law has been used successfully > to phase out or reduce many substances, including asbestos, lead in paint, > PCBs, and CFCs[1]. EPA has broad latitude in how to achieve reductions and > can work with other agencies for that purpose. > > Citizens may petition EPA on the need to address a pollutant under TSCA. > EPA must respond to a petition within 90 days. Yesterday several of > us[a] delivered to EPA a petition[2] for phase out of greenhouse gas (GHG) > pollution to restore a stable and healthy climate. The prospects for EPA to > accept their obligation will be much improved if we can present them with > an impressive list of endorsers of the petition. Please examine the > petition and consider adding your name as an endorser of the petition > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=2fb4f391a2&e=bee29348b6>. > > United States citizens are especially relevant as endorsers, but there is > also value in support of world citizens for what is a global problem. > > Fig. 1, our global temperature update, is a reminder that the world is > headed inexorably toward hotter conditions, as the cooling effect of the > current strong La Nina barely got global temperature down to the increasing > trendline of global temperature. The 12-month running-mean temperature is > already heading toward the next global record that will occur in > conjunction with the next El Nino.[3] > > > > > ------------------------------ > > [a] Dan Galpern (Hansen’s long-time attorney, who worked for months on > this petition), Donn Vivianni (retired EPA scientist who alerted us to the > TSCA potential for greenhouse gases), Lisa Van Susteren (physician, writer > and world’s leading authority on the psychiatric effects on young people of > daily news about growing climate impacts while adults do little to alter > the course), and atmospheric chemist John Birks, and Hansen. (Co-petitioner > climate accountability analyst Richard Heede could not be present for the > delivery to EPA). > > > > [image: Image removed by sender.] > > > > *Fig. 2. Cumulative 1751-2020 fossil fuel carbon emissions (tons C/person; > 2020 populations). Horizontal lines are multiples of the global mean. The > order of individual nations from left to right is based on cumulative > national emissions.* > > > > Fig. 2 is a reminder that the United States is most responsible for the > fossil fuel CO2 emissions that are the dominant cause of human-made > climate change. We can also be leaders in the solution if we begin to make > the polluters pay via a steadily rising carbon fee with the funds > distributed to the public (a conservative, bipartisan approach). Of course, > the timing has to be right. The best time was years ago. If the rising > price had started a decade and a half ago, when Obama and Biden were > elected and had the opportunity afforded by a global financial emergency, > U.S. emissions and fossil fuel use would be down at least 40% and we would > have plenty of excess energy capacity to help Europe with its near-term > fossil fuel energy demands. > > Evoking TSCA will not demand an instant carbon price – the timing needs to > be sensible. However, it will be a huge step, putting us on a course with > the potential to address the climate problem globally. The huge U.S. > economy allows the opportunity to affect the global approach via border > duties on products from countries that do not have a carbon fee. > > Other policies also need to be sensible. Whose idea was it to immediately > halt import of Russian fuels? The predictable effect was to raise the price > of fossil fuels, causing huge pain in the West – and in the rest of the > world, which thus must choose to look the other way as Ukraine suffers. > > What courage. When Putin says that he will get angry if we send the > weapons that Ukrainians need to defend their nation, our leaders quake and > instead take actions that sacrifice Ukrainian lives, raise our own energy > costs, and increase Putin’s profits needed to wage war. > > It’s expecting a lot to ask young people to understand what their > political leaders are doing, but as we mentioned in last month’s > temperature update > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=eb7444bd9d&e=bee29348b6>, > > that seems to be necessary, and young people have tremendous potential > political power. More on that later. > > > > [image: Image removed by sender.] > > > > *Hansen, Van Susteren, Vivianni and Galpern about to deliver petition > (Birks was photographer).* > > > > > ------------------------------ > > [1] CFCs hardly seemed toxic. In early advertisements, the chemical > industry showed a person breathing in “harmless” CFCs, but then we > discovered their impact on the ozone layer and their greenhouse gas effect. > Likewise, CO2 was initially thought to be a beneficial gas; and so it is, > if you limit the dosage. > > [2] Viviani, D.J., J. Birks, R. Heede, L. Van Susteren, J.E. Hansen, > Climate Science, Awareness and Solutions, and Climate Protection & > Restoration Initiative, Petition to the Environmental Protection Agency to > Phase-out Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Remove Legacy GHGs, 16 June > 2022. Part I > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=a3eadf6339&e=bee29348b6> > > and Part II > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=1a22f9b679&e=bee29348b6> > > (Select scientific and economic considerations). > [3] The promised discussion about the record current planetary energy > imbalance will need to wait a while. > > > > *Donate to CSAS Columbia* > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=928d0a0d50&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > *Donate to CSAS, Inc.* > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=bcedf79104&e=bee29348b6> > > > *FOLLOW US HERE * > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Subscribe to my future Communications] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=68286aa474&e=bee29348b6> > > Subscribe to my future Communications > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=889aa1bfce&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. CSAS EI Website] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=349a9d7da7&e=bee29348b6> > > CSAS EI Website > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=51ede4fa96&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. CSAS, Inc. Website] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=901835be4a&e=bee29348b6> > > CSAS, Inc. Website > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=9a3c101387&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Dr. Hansen's Webpage] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=68bc4845f9&e=bee29348b6> > > Dr. Hansen's Webpage > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=1a3545a266&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Dr. Hansen's Facebook] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=ada705fa6f&e=bee29348b6> > > Dr. Hansen's Facebook > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=a49260c74f&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. Dr. Hansen's Twitter] > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=d1a075d82f&e=bee29348b6> > > Dr. Hansen's Twitter > <https://columbia.us1.list-manage.com/track/click?u=0ebaeb14fdbf5dc65289113c1&id=fabbae7d61&e=bee29348b6> > > > > > [image: Image removed by sender. 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