A visit to S. Arabia long ago, to a place now in ruins, Nazaran, access to which is sensitive and I got it through very personal contact in the ministry, gave me the contact to Nazareth, Nazaran and West Coast Nasrani or Nazarani of Tipu Sultan. I have gone along the entire west coast in Konkani, Malayalam, Tulu etc. in order to identify the Nazaran, Nazarani and 'Nasrani.' Arrival of the Portuguese in search of Christians and Spices is a litteroral story for coastal West. There is more here. Unfortunately, quite a few of my hand-written MSS have been lost, stolen or misplaced in my library which shifted to many with 'interest' in this material. I am recovering wedding celebrations pieces at present (I have begun with Dr. Jayanti Nayak for parallel references) and next I will work on Conversos, Castico, Mestico and Casado etc. Soldado, casar, casado etc. Recovery through key words which have become technical in social sciences like caste etc. All the best in your work. W R DaSilva
On Wed, Jul 9, 2025 at 8:58 AM alan machado <[email protected]> wrote: > I'd like to add that some words get lost in translation > "kindness" is given as the word for gentilidade, the term used for > activities covering gentile practices > "penas" is penance not feathers as google translate suggests > > On Wed, Jul 9, 2025 at 8:54 AM alan machado <[email protected]> > wrote: > >> I would have liked to contribute more on this subject but am too tied up >> just now to devote the time it requires. >> >> Attached is a paper by Bruno Feitler. It was written with a degree of >> collaboration with me. >> We also worked together on compiling a database of 8250 individuals >> prosecuted by Goa's Inquisition. It is freely available and can be analysed >> for various enlightening data by anyone familiar with excel. >> >> For instance, you will find material on orphans, a subject discussed >> earlier. >> >> Alan >> >> >> >> On Tue, Jul 8, 2025 at 11:12 PM fredericknoronha < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> Dr Leopoldo da Rocha's work on the *confrarias* is here: >>> >>> https://www.scribd.com/document/116619605/Leopoldo-Da-Rocha-as-Confrarias-de-Goa-Seculos-Xvi-Xx >>> >>> Pe. Gabriel Saldanha's* Historia de Goa* may be quite forgotten in Goa >>> itself, but is available online here: >>> https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32055 >>> https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.32056 >>> >>> Note: It can sometimes be tough to access the Internet Achieve from Goa >>> or other parts of India. >>> FN >>> >>> On Tuesday, 8 July 2025 at 23:01:11 UTC+5:30 Sonia Gomes wrote: >>> >>>> Sorry: Nothing more to say. Both Pe. Gabriel Saldanha as well as Dr. >>>> Leopoldo da Rocha wrote in Portuguese. As far as I know, there are no >>>> translations in English. >>>> So who has done this insightful analyses of both their books? Thank you >>>> very much. I appreciate your thoughts but I have no desire to get into any >>>> arguments with you Frederico. Thank you very much. >>>> Sonia do Rosario Gomes >>>> >>>> On Tue, 8 Jul, 2025, 10:18 pm Sonia Gomes, <[email protected]> wrote: >>>> >>>>> Nothing to say >>>>> >>>>> On Tue, 8 Jul, 2025, 9:27 pm Tino de Sa, <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>> >>>> FN - a first class summary of the critical points to bear in mind while >>>>>> making a historical assessment of the Inquisition. >>>>>> Ignorance about what the Inquisition meant, and the legal framework >>>>>> under which it operated is colossal, even among Catholics. >>>>>> The current trend to see the Inquisition as an instrument of >>>>>> 'conversion' is laughable. In fact, the reverse is probably true: since >>>>>> the >>>>>> Inquisition extended only to those who had been baptised, and not to >>>>>> non-Christians (except in very special cases, where a non-Christian was >>>>>> found to be actively engaged in opposing it), the Inquisition probably >>>>>> *dissuaded >>>>>> *many from accepting baptism, lest they come under its mandate! So >>>>>> while it brought about severe travails for Christians, both 'old' and >>>>>> 'new', it certainly had nothing to do with furthering conversions of >>>>>> non-Christians to Christianity! >>>>>> Tino de Sa >>>>>> >>>>>> >>>>>> On Tue, Jul 8, 2025 at 8:28 PM fredericknoronha < >>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>> >>>>>>> Not all repression in Portuguese Goa was the Inquisition (and not >>>>>>> all of the Portuguese rule was repression alone). Actually, the Goa >>>>>>> Inquisition was a formal institution of the Catholic Church, focussed >>>>>>> primarily on religious orthodoxy, targetting mainly "New Christians" >>>>>>> (converted Jews and Muslims suspected of continuing their own faith) and >>>>>>> converts who were accused of relapsing in their beliefs. Hindus living >>>>>>> under Portuguese rule were not subject to the Inquisition. It tried (i) >>>>>>> Converts for "relapsing" to their old practices (ii) "Crypto" Jews and >>>>>>> Muslims (iii) Europeans or missionaries suspected of "heretical >>>>>>> beliefs". >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Confiscation of native lands was a colonial strategy, not an >>>>>>> Inquisition doctrine. This was common among colonial regimes worldwide, >>>>>>> including Mughal and British Indian. We see new forms of it at play in >>>>>>> our >>>>>>> times too. Likewise, regulation of dress and festivals was more about >>>>>>> control, not just religion. This continued after the Inquisition was >>>>>>> abolished, and was not unique to it. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> The so-called *Orfãos do Estado* ("State Orphans") was a broader >>>>>>> colonial policy, part of the Iberian colonial idea of "civilising" >>>>>>> non-Christians. The aim was to assimilate them into >>>>>>> Portuguese-Christian >>>>>>> society, while ignoring the wishes of surviving kin. Of course, this is >>>>>>> deeply problematic, but it is distinct from the Inquisition's judicial >>>>>>> role >>>>>>> of trying cases of what it saw as heresy and apostasy. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> Pe. Gabriel Saldanha and Dr Leopoldo da Rocha have left us valuable >>>>>>> writing; but they need to be read in context. Saldanha was a Catholic >>>>>>> priest and historian of the late 19th and early 20th centuries; his >>>>>>> accounts need to be seen against his own biases and the framework of >>>>>>> that >>>>>>> era. Dr Rocha wrote at a time where anti-clericalism and secular >>>>>>> nationalism were on the rise in Goa, and his critiques could reflect >>>>>>> that. >>>>>>> >>>>>>> In a word: we should be careful not to collapse all colonial >>>>>>> oppression under the "Inquisition" umbrella. It has been convenient >>>>>>> short-hand for a lot many things for some time now. FN >>>>>>> >>>>>>> On Monday, 7 July 2025 at 15:16:32 UTC+5:30 Sonia Gomes wrote: >>>>>>> >>>>>>>> I am reading Pe. Gabriel Saldanha and a great many times, he >>>>>>>> mentions about fields as well as coconut groves removed from the >>>>>>>> possession >>>>>>>> of Hindus and donated to convents and churches for their upkeep. Also >>>>>>>> Dr. >>>>>>>> Leopoldo da Rocha mentions in a monograph of various strictures passed >>>>>>>> against various festivities and the personal lives of the Hindus. Even >>>>>>>> clothes. Now considering the disruption of lives, the loss of property, >>>>>>>> bought by so many Catholics at throw away prices, would this be a part >>>>>>>> of >>>>>>>> the Inquisition? And the kidnapping of orfãos from the Hindu families >>>>>>>> to be >>>>>>>> handed over to the Pai dos Cristãos for conversion to Catholics even if >>>>>>>> there were Hindu families willing to bring them up as Hindus. Which >>>>>>>> part of >>>>>>>> Inquisition is this? Or does the Inquisition only deal with torture and >>>>>>>> Autos de fé? Dr. Pacheco de Figueiredo would like your opinion. Thank >>>>>>>> you >>>>>>>> and much appreciated. >>>>>>>> Sonia do Rosario Gomes >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>> On Mon, 7 Jul, 2025, 12:52 am Tino de Sa, <[email protected]> >>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> This clarifies things, John. And seems to be a fair and accurate >>>>>>>>> historical assessment. >>>>>>>>> Tino >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 6, 2025 at 11:25 PM John de Figueiredo < >>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> I was not referring to FN’s comment, I was referring to the >>>>>>>>>> announcement of the lecture “The Jews of Goa under the Portuguese” by >>>>>>>>>> Professor Shalya Weil. It says that “many Jews” were tried but Alan’s >>>>>>>>>> research shows that only 15 were tried. The focus of the Inquisitors >>>>>>>>>> was on >>>>>>>>>> Christians, not on Jews or on Hindus. >>>>>>>>>> Death by fire was not unusual those days. Before the >>>>>>>>>> establishment of the Inquisition in Goa, several homosexuals were >>>>>>>>>> killed by >>>>>>>>>> fire, and both Goan Christians and Hindus approved their killings. >>>>>>>>>> There >>>>>>>>>> was also the practice of “sati” (“suttee”). Thus being said, to >>>>>>>>>> disinter >>>>>>>>>> the remains of a person and burn them and to burn women who were old >>>>>>>>>> and >>>>>>>>>> poor are horrific displays of religious intolerance and most >>>>>>>>>> certainly >>>>>>>>>> contrary to the teachings of Jesus of Nazareth under whose name those >>>>>>>>>> practices were conducted.. Pyrard de Laval was probably right when he >>>>>>>>>> stated that the practices of the Inquisition were excessive even for >>>>>>>>>> the >>>>>>>>>> standards of the time. What Alan’s research shows is that those >>>>>>>>>> practices >>>>>>>>>> in Goa were milder than in Portugal. >>>>>>>>>> John M. de Figueiredo >>>>>>>>>> Sent from my iPhone >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Jul 6, 2025, at 8:35 AM, Tino de Sa <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> But John, that is exactly what FN said. The 'Jews' who were >>>>>>>>>> targeted by the Inquisition were not because they were ethnic Jews, >>>>>>>>>> or Jews >>>>>>>>>> who professed and practised the Jewish faith (these were >>>>>>>>>> discriminated >>>>>>>>>> against, but not subject to the Inquisition), but Jews who had >>>>>>>>>> converted to >>>>>>>>>> Christianity, but were suspected of - as Christians - practising >>>>>>>>>> rituals of >>>>>>>>>> their former religion in secret. >>>>>>>>>> Tino de Sa >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> On Sun, Jul 6, 2025 at 4:39 AM John de Figueiredo < >>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> This description of the activities of the Inquisition in Goa is >>>>>>>>>>> misleading. Alan Machado (Prabhu) demonstrated on the basis of >>>>>>>>>>> original >>>>>>>>>>> documents that the primary targets of the Inquisition of Goa were >>>>>>>>>>> not Jews, >>>>>>>>>>> Hindus, and other Non-Christians unless they interfered with the >>>>>>>>>>> workings >>>>>>>>>>> of the Inquisition. The primary targets were Christians. As I noted >>>>>>>>>>> in my >>>>>>>>>>> articles on the practice of Ayurvedic Medicine in Goa, when Gabriel >>>>>>>>>>> Dellon >>>>>>>>>>> was in jail and pretended to be sick, the Inquisitors brought a >>>>>>>>>>> Hindu >>>>>>>>>>> physician to treat him. Machado (Prabhu) also demonstrated that the >>>>>>>>>>> Inquisition in Goa was relatively mild compared to the ones in >>>>>>>>>>> Portugal. >>>>>>>>>>> The clear proof of this is the independent testimony of foreign >>>>>>>>>>> travelers >>>>>>>>>>> in the 16th and 17th centuries that there were several synagogues >>>>>>>>>>> in Goa >>>>>>>>>>> and Jews and Hindus were practicing their religion freely in Goa. >>>>>>>>>>> There was >>>>>>>>>>> even a Rua dos Judeus (Road of the Jews) in Old Goa (Velha Goa) >>>>>>>>>>> which >>>>>>>>>>> suggests that Jews were settled in Goa. Yet, as Machado (Prabhu) >>>>>>>>>>> noted, the >>>>>>>>>>> same fictions about the Inquisition of Goa get repeated over and >>>>>>>>>>> over. >>>>>>>>>>> John M. de Figueiredo >>>>>>>>>>> Sent from my iPhone >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Jul 5, 2025, at 9:29 AM, Tino de Sa <[email protected]> >>>>>>>>>>> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> What a terrible pity that the lecture is not available on >>>>>>>>>>> youtube! Or is it? >>>>>>>>>>> Tino de Sa >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> On Sat, Jul 5, 2025 at 5:27 PM William Robert Da Silva < >>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> Your explanation is too meagre in historical explanation. The >>>>>>>>>>>> Jews and early Christians were in West-Coast India very early for >>>>>>>>>>>> trade, >>>>>>>>>>>> continuing before and after the fall of Rome. Cosmas >>>>>>>>>>>> Indicopleustes etc. >>>>>>>>>>>> are examples of this and we need to explore more in these areas. >>>>>>>>>>>> What is >>>>>>>>>>>> done is Goa, Portugal is too meagre to bring out history. >>>>>>>>>>>> William Robert Da Silva >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> On Thu, Jul 3, 2025 at 12:07 AM fredericknoronha < >>>>>>>>>>>> [email protected]> wrote: >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Shalva Weil >>>>>>>>>>>>> *The Jews of Goa under the Portuguese* >>>>>>>>>>>>> Thursday 3.07.2025 >>>>>>>>>>>>> How to watch >>>>>>>>>>>>> This lecture starts on 3 July at 5:00pm (UK). >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://www.lockdownuniversity.org/email_verifications/new> >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://www.lockdownuniversity.org/about/subscribe> >>>>>>>>>>>>> Summary >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> *Please note this session will only be available to watch >>>>>>>>>>>>> live.* >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> There may have been early settlement of Jews in Goa, but there >>>>>>>>>>>>> certainly was a Jewish colony there under the Portuguese. >>>>>>>>>>>>> However, the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Portuguese set up an Inquisition in Goa and tried many Jews and >>>>>>>>>>>>> conversos >>>>>>>>>>>>> or New Christians. They kept alive Garcia de Orta (1501-68), the >>>>>>>>>>>>> physician >>>>>>>>>>>>> of the king and a famous botanist, but burned his sister on the >>>>>>>>>>>>> stake. By >>>>>>>>>>>>> the 18th century the community of Jews had disappeared but their >>>>>>>>>>>>> memory >>>>>>>>>>>>> lingered on in some families to this day. >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://www.lockdownuniversity.org/ >>>>>>>>>>>>> lectures/2560-the-jews-of-goa-under-the-portuguese >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Goa-Research-Net" group. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to [email protected]. >>>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion, visit >>>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/01568723-9a2f-4dcb-b6c1-9e811bfa52f0n%40googlegroups.com >>>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/01568723-9a2f-4dcb-b6c1-9e811bfa52f0n%40googlegroups.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Goa-Research-Net" group. >>>>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from >>>>>>>>>>>> it, send an email to [email protected]. >>>>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion, visit >>>>>>>>>>>> https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/CA%2BvNr4%2BdyVUhzKkfbo5WQLNKe%3DZ_N6fm89iBKMkJwTzzDCQu6Q%40mail.gmail.com >>>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/CA%2BvNr4%2BdyVUhzKkfbo5WQLNKe%3DZ_N6fm89iBKMkJwTzzDCQu6Q%40mail.gmail.com?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>>> *Dr. Anthony de Sa, IAS (Retd), PhD**, FRICS, MPA (Harvard)* >>>>>>>>>>> *Former Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh,* >>>>>>>>>>> *Former Chairman, MP Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA)* >>>>>>>>>>> *Mobile (WhatsApp): +91-9810981818 <+91%2098109%2081818>* >>>>>>>>>>> *e-mail: [email protected]* >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>>> * [email protected]* >>>>>>>>>>> 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https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/20433D3C-5FBF-43A2-95BB-6340A2ABD0BC%40sbcglobal.net >>>>>>>>>>> <https://groups.google.com/d/msgid/goa-research-net/20433D3C-5FBF-43A2-95BB-6340A2ABD0BC%40sbcglobal.net?utm_medium=email&utm_source=footer> >>>>>>>>>>> . >>>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>> *Dr. Anthony de Sa, IAS (Retd), PhD**, FRICS, MPA (Harvard)* >>>>>>>>>> *Former Chief Secretary of Madhya Pradesh,* >>>>>>>>>> *Former Chairman, MP Real Estate Regulatory Authority (RERA)* >>>>>>>>>> *Mobile (WhatsApp): +91-9810981818 <+91%2098109%2081818>* >>>>>>>>>> *e-mail: [email protected]* >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> * [email protected]* >>>>>>>>>> >>>>>>>>>> -- >>>>>>>>>> You received this message because you are subscribed to the >>>>>>>>>> Google Groups "Goa-Research-Net" group. >>>>>>>>>> To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, >>>>>>>>>> send an email to [email protected]. >>>>>>>>>> To view this discussion, visit >>>>>>>>>> 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