Hi all, Note. It seems that Heather Morrison and I wrote our posts simultaneously. You'll find that our explanations are quite similar (a good thing for the both of us).
- - - - - - - To determine what a CC license allows (or forbids) one to do, one has to carefully distinguish between the Licensor (the one who holds the rights to the work) and the Licensee (everyone else, called "Downstream recipients", or "You" in the CC license code). The CC licence is indeed irrevocable, meaning that even the rights holder can't cancel it. But it's also non-exclusive, meaning that the rights holder can simultaneously distribute the work under different conditions and/or restrictions, even without using any user license. For instance, he or she may sell the work without mentioning the existence of the CC license, because Attribution (and other conditions) apply only to those who obtain rights as CC Licensees. Note that the rights holder can be the author, or any third party (e.g. a publisher) to which the author has transferred copyright or granted publishing rights. This brings us back to two situations mentioned in this forum before the actual discussion. 1. Third parties reselling a CC BY work (without the right holder authorization). This is legal, but mentioning that the work is under a CC BY licence is required by the Attribution condition, and a hyperlink to the original (no doubt OA) must be provided. The only ways to make this a business practice is through customer delusion (hoping that they don't understand what a CC license is and/or that they are too lazy to look for a free copy), or by plain violation of the license conditions. This has happened and been reported in this forum. 2. Rights holders (for instance, publishers having obtained exclusive rights) deciding at some time to offer the same work but now under different conditions. The CC BY license is still in force, but the publisher is not required to display it (not being the Licensee mentioned in the CC License, it's not bound by its conditions). This is one of the scenarios envisioned by Heather Morrison. I'm not aware that this happened, and don't think it's likely to happen. If copies of the work are available elsewhere, this is identical to situation #1. In the worst case, one person would have to buy a copy and put it online (in a repository, for instance) with the CC license. Finally, I think it's worth repeating that depositing in repositories even CC BY articles is the best way to avoid these situations. Just look at the prominence of OA versions in Google Scholar research results. People will find them. Marc Couture -----Message d'origine----- De : goal-boun...@eprints.org [mailto:goal-boun...@eprints.org] De la part de David Prosser Envoyé : 8 avril 2015 12:47 À : Global Open Access List (Successor of AmSci) Objet : [GOAL] Re: What is the GOAL? Hi Heather OK, so let's take your specific example. Every open access paper in PMC is mirrored in Europe PubMed Central. So our publisher not only has to get PMC switched off, but Europe PMC as well. Oh, and PMC Canada. I suspect that the moment that it is suspected that any publisher is trying to get all three sites shut down, through a massive lobbying operation on multiple national governments and private trusts (the funders of the three sites), somebody (and I would put money on Peter Murray Rust being first in line) will download the entire corpus and make it available. And there is nothing anybody can do to stop that somebody. The danger is greater when the CC-BY license is in the hands of a company that holds some or all of the rights under copyright. For example, if a fee is paid to Elsevier, Wiley, etc. to publish a work as CC-BY, there is nothing in the CC-BY license per se that would prevent the companies from reverting to All Rights Reserved or other more restrictive licenses. This could happen even if the author retains copyright, because author copyright retention can co-exist with transfer of virtually all rights to a publisher (some license-to-publish approaches are very much like this). Authors could in theory negotiate publishing contracts to prevent this; but don't expect the industry to develop this. Is this true? Legal experts will need to help me, but looking at the current CC-BY code I note (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode): Section 2 - Scope. 1. License grant. * Subject to the terms and conditions of this Public License, the Licensor hereby grants You a worldwide, royalty-free, non-sublicensable, non-exclusive, irrevocable license to exercise the Licensed Rights in the Licensed Material to: * reproduce and Share the Licensed Material, in whole or in part; and * produce, reproduce, and Share Adapted Material. Once the paper has been offered under a CC-BY license that license is 'irrevocable'. Does 'irrevocable' not mean what I think it does? Further, also under Scope: * 5. Downstream recipients. * Offer from the Licensor - Licensed Material. Every recipient of the Licensed Material automatically receives an offer from the Licensor to exercise the Licensed Rights under the terms and conditions of this Public License. * No downstream restrictions. You may not offer or impose any additional or different terms or conditions on, or apply any Effective Technological Measures to, the Licensed Material if doing so restricts exercise of the Licensed Rights by any recipient of the Licensed Material. 5.B means again, once issued under a CC-BY license you can't add new licensing terms on top. As I say, I'm not a licensing expert, but I can't see the problem here. David On 8 Apr 2015, at 16:41, Heather Morrison <heather.morri...@uottawa.ca<mailto:heather.morri...@uottawa.ca>> wrote: David, Thank you for your contribution. To summarize your argument, you are saying that CC-BY works cannot be enclosed because anyone can buy a copy and make it open access. Some flaws with this argument: Practical: let's imagine that every article in every journal listed in PubMedCentral were licensed CC-BY. A company with a desire for profit-making copies the lot, develops a cool value-added service at an attractive price point, sells the package - and advertising, too. This is a success; people use and advertise in this service, which erodes support for PMC and the journals listed there. The company becomes annoyed with PMC - a free public service competing with the private sector - and lobbies, successfully, for the removal of funding for PMC. Assuming all the articles remain CC-BY, yes, anyone could buy them up and make the works open access again - but the company can set the price. One could find other means to gather the articles; my advice is not to underestimate the work or cost. CC-BY does not include any obligation for downstream users to use the same license. There is nothing to stop this company from changing the works to a more restrictive license. CC-BY-SA, in this sense, is a less dangerous license. This is not intended as an endorsement of CC-BY-SA for open access. The danger is greater when the CC-BY license is in the hands of a company that holds some or all of the rights under copyright. For example, if a fee is paid to Elsevier, Wiley, etc. to publish a work as CC-BY, there is nothing in the CC-BY license per se that would prevent the companies from reverting to All Rights Reserved or other more restrictive licenses. This could happen even if the author retains copyright, because author copyright retention can co-exist with transfer of virtually all rights to a publisher (some license-to-publish approaches are very much like this). Authors could in theory negotiate publishing contracts to prevent this; but don't expect the industry to develop this. Thanks again for your contribution and another example that we in the OA movement are not fully in agreement on all of the details. I hope this discussion is useful for those interested in developing best practices for OA implementation. best, Heather Morrison On Apr 8, 2015, at 9:14 AM, "David Prosser" <david.pros...@rluk.ac.uk<mailto:david.pros...@rluk.ac.uk>> wrote: Jeroen - CC-BY license Heather - NO!!! the CC-BY license is a major strategic error of the open access movement. Allowing downstream commercial use to anyone opens up the possibility of re-enclosure. The temptation towards perpetual copyright for profit-taking should not be underestimated. Scholarly publishing is a multi-billion dollar industry (as well as a community effort relying largely on a gift economy), with some players earning profits in the millions (a billion for Elsevier), in the 40% profit range. There are other reasons to hesitate to use this license, but this is the one that OA advocates need to wake up and pay attention to. I continue to be unable to grasp Heather's argument. If, for whatever reason, I purchase from you a CC-BY article I can, as it is CC-BY, make the article freely available. I don't see how CC-BY allows for re-enclosure when it contains within itself the ultimate enclosure-busting feature of allowing unlimited distribution provided there is attribution. David David C Prosser PhD Executive Director, RLUK Tel: +44 (0) 20 7862 8436 Mob: +44 (0) 7825 454586 www.rluk.ac.uk<http://www.rluk.ac.uk> RLUK Twitter feed: RL_UK Director's Twitter feed: RLUK_David Registered Office: Senate House Library, Senate House, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HU Registered Company no: 2733294 Registered Charity no: 1026543 On 8 Apr 2015, at 02:08, Heather Morrison <heather.morri...@uottawa.ca> wrote: Surely everyone on this list is aiming for the goal of global open access! But what do we think this means? Thanks to Jeroen for posting recently his wish list. In this post, I will point out how very different my perspective on open access is from Jeroen's, even though I think Jeroen and I are both fully in favour of global open access and transformative rather than traditional approaches. The purpose of this post is to suggest that the open access movement has now reached a point where it is useful to have such discussions about the specifics of where we think we should be heading. In addition to differences in individuals' perspectives, it seems quite likely that there will be disciplinary differences as well. Jeroen's post can be found here: http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/pipermail/goal/2015-April/003154.html Following is Jeroen's wish list items followed by my perspectives. Jeroen - fully Open Access Heather: yes, of course! Jeroen - online only Heather - OA works can be online only, but should not be restricted in this manner Jeroen - CC-BY license Heather - NO!!! the CC-BY license is a major strategic error of the open access movement. Allowing downstream commercial use to anyone opens up the possibility of re-enclosure. The temptation towards perpetual copyright for profit-taking should not be underestimated. Scholarly publishing is a multi-billion dollar industry (as well as a community effort relying largely on a gift economy), with some players earning profits in the millions (a billion for Elsevier), in the 40% profit range. There are other reasons to hesitate to use this license, but this is the one that OA advocates need to wake up and pay attention to. I have written about this in my Creative Commons and Open Access Critique series: http://poeticeconomics.blogspot.ca/2012/10/critique-of-cc-by-series.html and I will be speaking on this topic next week in Washington at the Allen Press' Emerging Trends in Scholarly Publishing Seminar: http://allenpress.com/events/2015seminar Jeroen - authors retain copyright Heather - this doesn't really mean very much. With the subscription publishers' trend towards license-to-publish, author copyright retention is the norm, but the licenses themselves can be virtually identical to full copyright transfer. Jeroen - maximum APC of 500 USD (or perhaps a lifetime membership model like that at PeerJ) - APC waivers for those who apply (e.g. from LMI countries) Heather - robust system of OA publishing that does not rely on APCs. Firmly opposed to using research funds for APCs. Cancel the high-priced bundles of the big commercial scholarly publishers first, then use the savings to pay for OA. Jeroen - really international profile of editors/board (far beyond US/UK/CA/AU/NL/DE/CH/NZ/FR) Heather - this makes more sense in some areas than others. There is universal knowledge (think physics principles) and local knowledge (consider Québec politics). There are advantages to regionally based publishing. These include the financial advantages of paying local rates in one's own currency and generating local jobs, and the community advantages of working with people you have a reasonable expectation of getting to know, who are based at institutions you know something about. I think that journal "white lists" are best handled locally. There is Qualis in Brazil (I gather), although this might need some cleaning up. In Canada we have a scholarly journal publishing subsidy program which involves peer review at the journal level. Jeroen - no issues: continuous publishing - in principle no size restrictions Heather: agreed. Jeroen- using ORCID and DOI of course Heather: NOT signing up for an ORCID. On purpose!! ORCID and DOI may have their usefulness, but neither is essential to open access. Jeroen- peer review along PLOS One idea: only check for (methodological) soundness (and whether it is no obvious garbage or plagiarism), avoiding costly system of multiple cascading submissions/rejections Heather: this is most attractive for larger publishers with multiple journals, i.e. authors should submit once and then the filter of top journal can be applied or not. Another approach is transferring reviews. Jeroen - post pub open non anonymous peer review, so the community decides what is the worth of published papers Heather - an interesting experiment, this may work better for some communities than others Jeroen - peer review reports themselves are citable and have DOIs Heather - possibly interesting, but it is not clear whether all peer reviewers will be honest without blind peer review. The author of an article you are reviewing could show up someday on a hiring committee, tenure and promotion committee, or fund proposal review committee. Jeroen- making (small) updates to articles possible (i.e. creating an updated version) - making it easy to link to additional material (data, video, code etc.) shared via external platforms like Zenodo or Figshare Heather - agreed, but preferred additional platforms are institutional and disciplinary archives. Jeroen - no IF advertising - open for text mining Heather - sort of agreed, although changing reliance on IF needs to happen at tenure and promotion committees. There is no point is asking journals not to advertise something that makes them look good. Jeroen - providing a suite of article level metrics Heather - a) optional and b) dead set against article level metrics being used for evaluation purposes. Why? Most importantly, metrics are the wrong approach altogether. Truly pioneering work (e.g. Mendel on genetics) is often not appreciated when it is first published. Then, too, altmetrics have not been tested. It seems reasonable to hypothesize that altmetrics based on social media will tend to reflect and amplify social biases (e.g. the works of articles that seem to be written by men would be more likely to be tweeted than those that seem to be written by women), effects of popularity (unless we all agree that the most important research topic of the future is internet cats?), and subject to deliberate manipulation. For example, consider how companies that prefer to deny climate change science could hire people to distort social media to increase the "alt-merit" of their preferred research and researchers. Jeroen - using e.g. LOCKSS or Portico for digital preservation Heather - preservation is the responsibility of archives and libraries; pushing this to journals unnecessarily increases the costs of publication. I am opposed for this reason. Jeroen - indexing at least by Google Scholar and DOAJ, at a later stage also Scopus, Web of Science and others Heather - where indexing is important will depend on the discipline. NOT Scopus, because they are owned by Elsevier and I am boycotting Elsevier. Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science are all indexes owned and controlled by large corporations. I argue that we need public indexes controlled by scholars. Jeroen - optionally a pre-print archive (but could rely on SSRN as well) Heather - open access archiving is primary, should be mandatory, and should be the sole focus of almost all open access policies (the only exception being internal policies of publishers, which will naturally focus on publishing). Pre-prints, post-prints and research data should all be in institutional repositories and copied (easily and seamlessly) to disciplinary repositories wherever this makes sense (or vice versa; the point is the more copies the better to ensure ongoing open access and preservation. Finally, there are somewhere around a million scholars around the world, and others besides scholars who should be part of this discussion. I don't think it is up to either Jeroen or I, or both of us together, to decide on the future of open access and/or scholarly communication. This should be a broader conversation. best, -- Dr. Heather Morrison Assistant Professor École des sciences de l'information / School of Information Studies University of Ottawa http://www.sis.uottawa.ca/faculty/hmorrison.html Sustaining the Knowledge Commons http://sustainingknowledgecommons.org/ heather.morri...@uottawa.ca _______________________________________________ GOAL mailing list GOAL@eprints.org http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal _______________________________________________ GOAL mailing list GOAL@eprints.org http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal _______________________________________________ GOAL mailing list GOAL@eprints.org<mailto:GOAL@eprints.org> http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal _______________________________________________ GOAL mailing list GOAL@eprints.org http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal _______________________________________________ GOAL mailing list GOAL@eprints.org http://mailman.ecs.soton.ac.uk/mailman/listinfo/goal
