My wife agrees with you that my "vaccine research" comment was over the top, 
and I am trained to 
accept her judgement on such matters of decorum, so I apologize for that.

  I agreed with you that processor designs of the XA/ESA era were as you 
described.  The IBM 303x, 308x,and 3090 processors
all implemented the 370, 370/XA, and 370/ESA instruction sets via microcode on 
top of underlying different hardware microarchitectures,
which could be characterized as a form of emulation.  And I agree that, for 
that era, your statement that "last HARDWIRED CPU was probably the S/360 & 
S/370 model 195"
is correct.

 However, the facts are that the IBM Power processor chips and the IBM z 
processor chips are separate entities. 
IBM  z/Architecture has never been implemented by IBM on IBM Power processor 
chips, other than a brief period where
the zPDT software emulator had versions for both Power and x86 machines.  The 
Power version was subsequently discontinued. 
For more than the past decade, a considerable number of the z/Architecture 
instructions have been implemented directly in hardware,
with some others being cracked into multiple hardware ops, and some more 
complex instructions being implemented in millicode.
If you want to think of the millicoded instructions as a form of emulation, I 
don't object.  However, it is done on z hardware, not Power hardware.    
   
Jim Mulder z/OS Diagnosis, Design, Development, Test  IBM Corp. Poughkeepsie NY

"My friends, you know me to be neither rash nor impulsive. I am not given to
wild, unsupported statements."   (Jor-El, "Superman",  1978, somewhat out of 
context)  

-----Original Message-----
From: IBM Mainframe Discussion List <[email protected]> On Behalf Of 
Paul Gorlinsky
Sent: Tuesday, November 22, 2022 8:54 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: Storage protection keys

Interesting that you have to resort to a childish rant ... So totally 
unprofessional ... 

BTW if you read the documents you proved they actually prove my point ... 

Dr. Gene Amdahl picked me to lead the design and build of his CMOS XA processor 
for a reason ... My direct OS and hardware experience... 52 years worth... 

Paul

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