[email protected] (Tony Harminc) writes: > In my experience, though, Windows was not generally included in what > people meant by "open systems"; they meant UNIX, and if they failed to > include z/OS (or OS/390) UNIX, it's because they were unaware of its > existence. If they wanted to include Windows in a term meaning "not > mainframes", they'd say "distributed systems". I hear very few people > these days use the term "open systems" at all.
re: re: http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#77 Term "Open Systems" (as Sometimes Currently Used) is Dead -- Who's with Me? http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#79 Term "Open Systems" (as Sometimes Currently Used) is Dead -- Who's with Me? http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/2015g.html#80 Term "Open Systems" (as Sometimes Currently Used) is Dead -- Who's with Me? google archive https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/bit.listserv.ibm-main/dvpRJRmFIJA advent of single chip processors met that companies could develop hardware systems at very low cost .... but there was still enormous cost associated with developing proprietary operating systems. the thing that unleashed was these companies being able to adapt unix for their hardware at small fraction of developing proprietary operating system from scratch. Saw big explosion in companies doing minis, workstations, mini-supers, supers, etc all using commodity processor chips and portable unix. IBM's office products group was going to use 801/RISC ROMP chip to do a displaywriter followon ... when that got canceled they decided to retarget to the Unix workstation market and got the company that had done the AT&T unix port for IBM/PC PC/IX to do one for ROMP ... released as PC/RT and AIX2. Some past posts http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/subtopic.html#801 Along the way saw universities doing unix work-alikes ... UCB doing BSD, UCLA doing Locus, CMU doing MACH, etc. IBM Palo Alto Science Center was working on doing UCB BSD for 370 when they got retargeted to PC/RT ... which came out as AOS. They had also been working with UCLA Locus ... which was eventually released as AIX/370 & AIX/386 (Locus AIX having little directly to do with AT&T UNIX for PC/RT). Jobs had left Apple and was doing NeXT and using MACH as base system, when Jobs comes back to Apple, he brings MACH with him to be the basis for applie operating system. AT&T & SUN then try and make UNIX more "proprietary" ... kicking off the UNIX wars https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_wars and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Software_Foundation The organization was first proposed by Armando Stettner of Digital Equipment Corporation at a by-invitation-only meeting hosted by DEC for several UNIX system vendors in January 1988 (called the "Hamilton Group", since the meeting was held at DEC's offices on Palo Alto's Hamilton Avenue).[3] It was intended as an organization for joint development, mostly in response to a perceived threat of "merged UNIX system" efforts by AT&T Corporation and Sun Microsystems. ... The foundation's original sponsoring members were Apollo Computer, Groupe Bull, Digital Equipment Corporation, Hewlett-Packard, IBM, Nixdorf Computer, and Siemens AG, sometimes called the "Gang of Seven" ... snip ... which also gave big boost to POSIX https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POSIX The disk division executive sponsored POSIX/Open implementation for MVS ... as part of work around communication group opposition to client/server and distributed computing ... but it was also motivated by being able to bid MVS for gov. contracts requiring POSIX compliance. i86 processors have became dominate commodity processor chip ... drastically reducing some of the hardware portability issues ... and windows took over as dominant operating system. rise of Linux was partially because the new computing paradigm for GRID and CLOUD computing that can have millions of processors ... and being able to evolve that new computing paradigm needed full, unrestricted source. Big cluster supercomputers evolved into GRID ... and the big cloud megadatacenters were not too far behind (started leveraging some of the same components) ... mostly dependent on freely available Linux source (although as the paradigm matured, some cases of other systems jumping on the bandwagon). The big cloud megadatacenters have enormously expanded on-demand computing ... there are even instances of dynamically spinning up on-demand supercomputer using credit card. Four years ago there was case of ondemand 240TIPS supercomputer created for research. Year later, there was case of dynamically created ondemand supercomputer that was three times larger, for 3hrs of cancer research (would have ranked in the top 50 supercomputers in the world). By comparison, max configured EC12 is 101 processors rated at 75BIPS (743MIPS/proc), z13 claims 30% more throughput than EC12 with 40% more processors (700MIPS/proc?). 240TIPS would be equivalent of over 3000 max configured EC12 systems ... and more recent, more like 10,000 max configured EC12 systems ... dynamically, ondemand processing created on-the-fly with just credit card (using automated processes). It is becoming increasingly hard to extract mainframe numbers. There was statement about approx. mainframe processor sales for Fall2014 as compared to some previous years ... which worked out to equivalent 14 max. configured EC12 systems or 56 max. configured EC12 systems on annualized basis. Previously since the turn of the century, numbers seemed to have been in the range of 200-300 max. configured equivalent systems per year (under 5000 total so for this century). -- virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- For IBM-MAIN subscribe / signoff / archive access instructions, send email to [email protected] with the message: INFO IBM-MAIN
