sas...@sas.com (Don Poitras) writes: > TPF ran lots of ATM networks. I worked at First Interstate in 1988 > working on a project to convert from TPF to MVS. And certainly any > bank that does VISA authorization at their ATMs still to this day use > TPF because that's what VISA uses.
(credit) card associations started out as non-profits for brand marketing (getting merchants to accept brands) and network interconnect between merchant acquiring and customer issuing financial institutions (at one time 30,000 institutions). Interchange rules (amount charge merchants for credit card transaction, had pieces for the acquiring and issuing financial institutions as well as piece for the association network (and other surcharges based on things like fraud history & probability) VISA installation for ACP for its card association network transaction processing was possibly big part of changing name from ACP to TPF. The card associations were making so much money off their netework interchange transaction charges (for card association networks) that they changed to profit and spun off in IPOs. Around the turn of the century ... because of bank consolidation and outsourcing, 90% of credit card transactions were handled by six datacenters that had direct connections and no longer needed the card association networks. There was then big legal battle between card associations and the six processors (who felt they no longer had to share interchange fees with the card associations ... since they were no longer using their networks). ATM/Debit networks were primarily Tandem (even though the backends might be IBM mainframes). Tandem had also acquired major ATM machine crypto hardware vendors. Long ago I got brought in as consultant into a small client/server that wanted to do financial transactions on their server, they had also invented this technology they called SSL they wanted to use, the result is now frequently called "electronic commerce". Somewhat for having done "electronic commerce", in the mid-90s I got asked to work in the X9A10 financial standard working group that had been given the requirement to preserve the integrity of the financial infrastructure for all retail payments. We did detailed end-to-end threat analysis for nearly all kinds of retail payments (credit, debit, ACH, wire-transfer, face-to-face, point-of-sale, internet, etc). The result was a standard that eliminated most of the current kinds of fraud ... the downside was interchange fees have been heavily prorated based on fraud rates ... with an enormous profit component ... actually eliminating the fraud enormously impacts those calculations (and profit). NACHA Internet Council did debit pilot with support in the Tandem network processors ... results published 23July2001, gone 404 but lives on at the wayback machine http://web.archive.org/web/20070706004855/http://internetcouncil.nacha.org/News/news.html Compaq/Tandem had previously sponsored large workshop for me Jan1999 on the financial protocol standards ... old long-winded post by somebody at the workshop http://www.garlic.com/~lynn/aepay3.htm#riskm The CEO of one of the companies that we had been working with and at the meeting, had been the head of POK mainframes in a prior life. tandem ref (which includes reference to Jim Gray, which I worked with at IBM and left for Tandem ... but by the mid-90s was at Microsoft https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tandem_Computers and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Gray_%28computer_scientist%29 -- virtualization experience starting Jan1968, online at home since Mar1970 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- For IBM-MAIN subscribe / signoff / archive access instructions, send email to lists...@listserv.ua.edu with the message: INFO IBM-MAIN
