Linux-Misc Digest #140, Volume #21 Fri, 23 Jul 99 19:13:09 EDT
Contents:
Re: .bashrc not loading (Floyd Davidson)
Re: .bashrc not loading (Cameron L. Spitzer)
A bit of techie humor! ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
None Under 18 Allowed 10767 ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Looking for a good email client (Gergo Barany)
Re: .bashrc not loading (Steffan O'Sullivan)
Access to Nortel Extranet VPN ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Shutdown won't Power-off using SuSE-6.1 (Stefan Ehlen)
Re: CIA assassinations ("A.T.Z.")
Re: Quicken clone? (John Doe)
Newbie needing to update a video server (Eric Powell)
Re: HTML Security (Ivan de Quesada)
Re: CIA assassinations ("R.Bloch")
redhat vs suse ("David Kunz")
Good Linux book for Red Hat Linux 5.2 (JHS)
Re: Shortcomings of Linux? ("Keith Blakemore-Noble ")
Re: bsd or linux? (Paul Kimoto)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Floyd Davidson)
Subject: Re: .bashrc not loading
Date: 23 Jul 1999 20:17:26 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Steffan O'Sullivan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Patrick M. Geahan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>Steffan O'Sullivan <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>
>>: What am I doing wrong? How can I get .bashrc to load automatically
>>: when I login?
>>
>>Well - to start out with, are you sure you're using bash?
>
>I think I am, yes. Is there a command I can use to tell for sure -
>something like whoami, but that returns my shell?
>
>I've used tcsh on unix for a dozen years, so am used to that - I'm new
>to bash. But since it's the default in linux, I believe I chose it as
>my shell during the setup.
To find out which shell you have, "echo $0" will tell you. No doubt
you are using bash.
The sequence of events for shell initialization differ depending on
whether it is a login shell or not, and on whether it is interactive
or not. From the man page,
On login (subject to the -noprofile option):
if /etc/profile exists, source it.
if ~/.bash_profile exists, source it,
else if ~/.bash_login exists, source it,
else if ~/.profile exists, source it.
...
Non-login interactive shells:
On startup (subject to the -norc and -rcfile options):
if ~/.bashrc exists, source it.
Non-interactive shells:
On startup:
if the environment variable ENV is non-null, expand
it and source the file it names, as if the command
if [ "$ENV" ]; then . $ENV; fi
had been executed, but do not use PATH to search
for the pathname. When not started in Posix mode, bash
looks for BASH_ENV before ENV.
Sourcing /etc/profile should provide just a _minimal_ working
environment. For example a PATH variable should be set, and the
prompt variables (PS1 etc.) should be set. System wide
variables which tell where certain programs are (for example,
MOZILLA_HOME=/usr/local/netscape).
Sourcing one of ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login or ~/.profile
should accomplish each user's basic environment for all things
which need only be done one time. Environment variables which
are exported and terminal selection or initialization are
examples which should not be repeated every time a subshell is
invoked. Then the .bashrc file should be sourced.
Aliases and functions which are useful for command line use on
interactive shells should be in the .bashrc file.
Aliases and functions which are useful for non-interactive shells
should be in file specified by ENV (which should be set in the
user's login init file.).
One way to arrange these files is by using ~/.bash_profile for
bash, which leaves ~/.profile for sh and/or ksh. Little needs
to be done there other than setting a user specific PATH
variable, setting ENV=~/.bashrc and then sourcing $ENV.
Then everything else goes in ~/.bashrc, which will be used
by both interactive and non-interactive shells.
There are some tricks to this too... such as when setting PATH
in ~/.bash_profile, which is only ever sourced one time, it can
be done by adding to what already exists,
PATH=~/bin:$PATH
which should not be done in ~/.bashrc because it adds that again
and again each time a subshell is invoked. Here is an example of
a ~/.bash_profile,
export PATH=~/bin:$PATH
export ENV=~/.bashrc
. ~/.bashrc
Here is an example of a ~/.bashrc file,
set -a
set -o emacs
SHELL=/bin/bash
EDITOR=gnuclient
VISUAL=gnuclient
EDIT=gnuclient
FCEDIT=gnuclient
#FCEDIT=emacs
#EDIT=emacs
#EDITOR=emacs
#VISUAL=emacs
PAGER=less
PS1='\[\033[36m\]\h:\u \w >\[\033[m\]'
PS2="?"
PS3="!"
TIME=" %e Real %U User %S System"
MORE=-c
LESS='-rcdeMwPM?f%f ?e[EOF] ?lt[Line\: %lb].:?lt[Line\: %lt]. ?pt%pt\%...'
ORGANIZATION=" "
function ht {
echo -n "]0;${1}"
}
function dir {
/bin/ls -lF "$@" | more
}
function pls {
/bin/ls -xF "$@" | more;
}
function pla {
/bin/ls -axF "$@" | more
}
alias xsane='echo -e "\\033c";tput is2;stty sane line 1 rows 30 columns 100'
alias vsane='echo -e "\\033c";tput is2;stty sane line 1 rows 24 columns 80'
alias sane='echo -e "\\033c";tput is2;stty sane line 1'
if [ "$TERM" = "xterm" ]
then
alias sane='echo -e "\\033c";tput is2;stty sane line 1 rows 30 columns 100'
else
alias sane='echo -e "\\033c";tput is2;stty sane line 1 rows 24 columns 80'
fi
alias ll='/bin/ls --color -lF'
alias la='/bin/ls --color -axF'
alias ls='/bin/ls --color -xF'
if [ "${TERM}" = "emacs" ]
then
export PS1='\h:\u \w >'
# stty -echo
# stty -onlcr
stty sane -onlcr -echo -ixon -ixany rows 30 columns 100
alias ll='/bin/ls -lF'
alias la='/bin/ls -alF'
alias ls='/bin/ls -xF'
fi
alias h='fc -l | tail -23 | more -c'
alias more='less'
alias ftp='ncftp'
alias m0='mount -t msdos /dev/fd0 /mnt'
alias e0='mount -t ext2 /dev/fd0 /mnt'
alias u='umount /mnt'
############# end of ~/.bashrc file ################
Keep in mind that there are other ways to set up these files, and this
is just one example. In fact I have trimmed about half of my real
.bashrc file out of that example just to avoid massive confusion!
Floyd
--
Floyd L. Davidson [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Ukpeagvik (Barrow, Alaska)
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Cameron L. Spitzer)
Subject: Re: .bashrc not loading
Date: 23 Jul 1999 21:14:27 GMT
This sometimes throws people who migrate from csh to bash.
Interactive c shells source .cshrc, whether they are login shells or not.
But a login bash does not source .bashrc unless you tell it to
in your .bash_profile or .profile.
Cameron
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: A bit of techie humor!
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 21:38:40 GMT
Top 20 replies by programmers when their programs don't work:
20. "That's weird..."
19. "It's never done that before."
18. "It worked yesterday."
17. "How is that possible?"
16. "It must be a hardware problem."
15. "What did you type in wrong to get it to crash?"
14. "There is something funky in your data."
13. "I haven't touched that module in weeks!"
12. "You must have the wrong version."
11. "It's just some unlucky coincidence."
10. "I can't test everything!"
9. "THIS can't be the source of THAT."
8. "It works, but it hasn't been tested."
7. "Somebody must have changed my code."
6. "Did you check for a virus on your system?"
5. "Even though it doesn't work, how does it feel?
4. "You can't use that version on your system."
3. "Why do you want to do it that way?"
2. "Where were you when the program blew up?"
And the number one reply by programmers when their programs don't work:
1. "It works on my machine."
If you want to read more jokes go to:
http://www.milomail.com/com/humor.html and click on e-mail archive.
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Share what you know. Learn what you don't.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To:
comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.setup,comp.os.linux.x,comp.os.lynx
Subject: None Under 18 Allowed 10767
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 14:36:32 -0600
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Adults Only:
http://207.240.225.250
7H?q3Sv=
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Gergo Barany)
Subject: Re: Looking for a good email client
Date: 23 Jul 1999 21:48:46 GMT
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Mykool wrote:
>I'm looking for a good pop3 email client. I'm currently using Netscape
>mail, and am getting a little tired of it. I have no problems, but I
>think it's time for a change. I don't really care if it is X or
>console.
>I've tried elm, exmh, arrow, mutt, pine, postillion, etc, etc. I've
What was wrong with mutt?
Gergo
--
Women sometimes forgive a man who forces the opportunity, but never a man
who misses one.
-- Charles De Talleyrand-Perigord
GU d- s:+ a--- C++>$ UL+++ P>++ L+++ E>++ W+ N++ o? K- w--- !O !M !V
PS+ PE+ Y+ PGP+ t* 5+ X- R>+ tv++ b+>+++ DI+ D+ G>++ e* h! !r !y+
------------------------------
Subject: Re: .bashrc not loading
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Steffan O'Sullivan)
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 21:59:13 GMT
Cameron L. Spitzer <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>
>This sometimes throws people who migrate from csh to bash.
>
>Interactive c shells source .cshrc, whether they are login shells or not.
>
>But a login bash does not source .bashrc unless you tell it to
>in your .bash_profile or .profile.
Thanks to all who responded - this indeed fixed the problem. I was
simply going by the O'Reilly book _Linux in a Nutshell_ which simply
states that .bashrc is loaded at login, end statement.
I didn't check the man pages on this because, frankly, 75% of a man
page is gibberish to me ... the key sentence is the one that
distinguishes between types of shells, login or not, and I have no clue
what that means. I don't even know what a shell is ...
Man pages are of limited use to newbies, since they invariably are
written in language that is foreign to the newbie.
But thanks for the feedback, it works now!
--
-Steffan O'Sullivan |
[EMAIL PROTECTED] | "Seek Grailo, Even Better Than the True Grail"
Chapel Hill, NC |
www.io.com/~sos | -James Thurber sums up the 20th Century
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Access to Nortel Extranet VPN
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 22:03:46 GMT
I am trying to access a Nortel Extranet VPN that is running at the
company where I work. I am using a Win 95 machine running through a
Redhat Linux 5.2 firewall which is running at my home. What do I have
to do to access the VPN through my firewall.
Thank you in advance for the replies.
-Gary
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Share what you know. Learn what you don't.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Stefan Ehlen)
Subject: Re: Shutdown won't Power-off using SuSE-6.1
Date: 22 Jul 1999 19:12:06 GMT
In article <7n7562$8dk$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"Youngert" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
> When I used RedHat 6.0 and everytime I issue a shutdown command from the KDE
> logon icon, my computer would be brought down to halt with the power off
> within 5 seconds. I replaced my RedHat-6.0 package with SuSE-6.1 and the
> shutdown process will not power off the computer except just halted the
> computer and switch the Master Resource Control to runlevel 0.
>
> Has anyone ever noticed the weird behaviour on his/her Linux using SuSE-6.1
> distro?
>
This is a known bug. Please check www.suse.com for the fix, it's somewhere
there.
...unn wech
Stefan
------------------------------
From: "A.T.Z." <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy,gnu.misc.discuss
Subject: Re: CIA assassinations
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 23:21:05 +0200
You say:
- become rich, no problem
- when you're family (parents) are rich it's not oke
So, what would you do against it. Life isn't fair.
Arkadiusz Danilecki schreef:
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Chris L wrote:
> >Richard Kulisz wrote in message <7msas0$qq2$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>...
> > Then you would have 0% employment. What is the incentive for labor? Why
> >shouldn't a person have the opportunity to make a better (subjective)
> >lifestyle? Who says I don't need that extra car or second home on the lake
> >or that ski trip or whatever else I choose to buy with what I have?
> An opportunity to make your life better is quite different to born as
> rich... I mean my opinion is you make your money yourself - everything is ok,
> but if you get money only because you born in wealth family sth is unfair.
> It's not ok that some ppl can't even dream about buying second car, because
> they born in poor family and have no chances to change his/her situation.
> So the state should do sth to help poor's - even by taking money from
> the rich and giving them to the poor.
> A.D.Danilecki "szopen"
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (John Doe)
Crossposted-To: redhat.general
Subject: Re: Quicken clone?
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Date: 23 Jul 1999 18:16:33 -0500
21 Jul 1999 19:55:40 -0500, Leonard Evens <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>Are there any open software checkbook programs out there?
>>
>>Since 1982 I have been using my own program which I wrote
>>on an original IBM PC (without a hard disk) in Pascal.
>>I recently started using Quicken for reasons I won't go
>>into here, but comparing it with my program, it does not
>>seem to do that much more. Of course Quicken has a nice graphical
>>user interface and lots of bells and whistles, but that
>>doesn't seem so hard to arrange with the programming tools
>>now available. And one could easily store the data in
>>Quicken QIF format for interchangeability. I can't imagine
>>that I am the only one who has ever written such a program.
Are you taking a survey as to whether people would like
you to see porting your won program to linux? Or what.
>i run the Mac version of Quicken 6.0 using Executor under Linux
>
>
>>
>>--
>>
>>Leonard Evens [EMAIL PROTECTED] 847-491-5537
>>Dept. of Mathematics, Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL 60208
------------------------------
From: Eric Powell <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.x,redhat.x.general
Subject: Newbie needing to update a video server
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 21:31:18 GMT
O.K., maybe I'm not being clear. I have this file... SavageX-0.2.0.tar.gz,
I've used tar to uncompress it. I did it in the /tmp directory and it
created a directory called /tmp/dist. In this directory is a Readme file
(that doesn't help), an install file, and a Copyright file, non of which
help in how to install. I'm not sure how to make XF86 use this server. I
don't think I use rpm because the server file isn't and rpm. I need to get
X to use this server, how do I do it?!?
Eric Powell
================== Posted via SearchLinux ==================
http://www.searchlinux.com
------------------------------
From: Ivan de Quesada <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: redhat.config,redhat.security.general
Subject: Re: HTML Security
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 18:29:10 -0400
Gerald Barker wrote:
> How do we limit access to an html page and it's contents to our users
> only. We are an ISP...
>
> ------------------ Posted via SearchLinux ------------------
> http://www.searchlinux.com
There are many ways to do this.
I would form a "group" of all our users.
You can do this in /etc/group.
Then any .html file that you would like the "users" group to read, set
it to users group:
chgrp users filename.html
Then any html file that should be readable by the users, but not others,
I would do this:
chmod o-rwx filename.html
The above takes away read/wrt/exec priviledge to others, then:
chmod g+r filename.html
The above allows the group "users" to read the file filename.html
The new Linux versions have graphical tools to allow you to manage the
groups that each user belongs
to.
See man pages "group", "chgrp", "chmod"
Ivan.
------------------------------
From: "R.Bloch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.advocacy,gnu.misc.discuss
Subject: Re: CIA assassinations
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 18:39:24 +0600
A.T.Z. wrote:
>
> You say:
> - become rich, no problem
> - when you're family (parents) are rich it's not oke
>
> So, what would you do against it. Life isn't fair.
Well, I'll make one comment in passing: if someone, god forbid, ever
hits you over the head with a 2x4, remember to console yourself with
this line.
------------------------------
From: "David Kunz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: redhat vs suse
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 17:41:35 -0500
At the risk of starting a flame war I would like to hear opinions concurring
redhat 6.0 and suse 6.2. All thoughtful responses are appreciated.
Kirk
------------------------------
From: JHS <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Good Linux book for Red Hat Linux 5.2
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 21:56:46 GMT
I have searched Amazon.com for a worthy Linux book for Red Hat 5.2, but
every one listed has problems. I'm looking for an excellent book that
a beginner-intermediate level user can use. Can somebody recommend a
great book for learning Linux?
Thanks,
--
J. H. Sagara
[EMAIL PROTECTED]
(Remove NO.SPAM to email)
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Share what you know. Learn what you don't.
------------------------------
Subject: Re: Shortcomings of Linux?
From: "Keith Blakemore-Noble " <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.sys.amiga.misc,comp.os.linux.advocacy
Date: Fri, 23 Jul 1999 23:11:00 GMT
On or around 23 Jul 1999 10:13:58 GMT, Chris Lee wrote something about
"Re: Shortcomings of Linux?"...
>
> In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
> [EMAIL PROTECTED] says...
> >
> >On or around 21 Jul 1999 23:52:29 GMT, Chris Lee wrote something
> >about "Re: Shortcomings of Linux?"...
>
> >> It isn't me dude. A hell of a lot of people in the newsgroups I
> >> mentioned are using pppd on linux and other OS's to connect to NT
> >>
> >> 4.0 servers using PAP and not MS-CHAP. This blows your stupid
> >> comment that everybody is using MS-CHAP out of the water.
> >
> >Oh dear, Chris.
> >
> >It is obvious that oyu know you are loosing the argument, as you
> >have resorted to claiming that the other person has said things
> >which, qite clearly, they have not said.
> >
> >Shame on you.
>
> And you better re-read this this thread. A lot of the people who use
> Linux and other OS's aside from than myself thought Kruse's comments
> concerning MS-CHAP was silly.
Actually, Chris, I was referring to your line where you claim that
Holger stated that "everyone is using MS-CHAP", which, as we both know,
is not what he said. (I've even left your quote in so you can see what
I mean).
Therefore, as I pointed out, you have resorted to claiming that the
other person has said things which they quite clearly have not, ergo
you have lost the argument.
Hope this clarifies it for you.
--
http://www.BuiltWithAmiga.org Member of Team *AMIGA* and ICOA
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Paul Kimoto)
Subject: Re: bsd or linux?
Date: 23 Jul 1999 18:19:46 -0500
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
In article <7nal9i$v4t$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> I am fairly inexperienced--my UNIX experience is
> minimal (I use Solaris at work, and know basic UNIX commands).
>
> For a system like this, with my objectives, would BSD or Linux be best?
Probably Linux is a little closer to Solaris than BSD is --
*but* if you used to use the older Sun operating system
("SunOS 4" a.k.a. "SunOS"), that's closer to BSD.
--
Paul Kimoto <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
------------------------------
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End of Linux-Misc Digest
******************************
