Linux-Misc Digest #794, Volume #23 Thu, 9 Mar 00 06:13:05 EST
Contents:
Re: Best HTML tool for Linux (Bernd Gliss)
Re: CHROOT for normal FTP USERS (Nik Jewell)
Re: staroffice (Bernd Gliss)
Re: Testing for Winmodems (Martijn Brouwer)
Re: My 'alias' doesnt' work in X windows ?? (Thomas Zajic)
Re: Testing for Winmodems (Matthew Haley)
Re: VMWare, Windoze aint a bad app launcher and print driver!, Linux Desktop
Useability (Bernd Gliss)
Re: Linux and the future of the world (Mihaly Gyulai)
Re: xset s off & RedHat 6.1 (Greg Nedel)
Re: Red Hat Linux 6.1 Compatibility ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
protection setting during boot to wrong states of /, /usr, /var and bash (Helmut
Kreiser)
Re: Linux NICs ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Memory tuning...anyone? (Anthony)
Re: Netscape using all memory in linux (Anthony)
Re: Netscape using all memory in linux (Anthony)
Re: Salary? (Desmond Coughlan)
Re: Solaris 7 vs Redhat6.1 vs NT4 (palowoda)
mt eod buggy? (Michael Stammberger)
Re: nt using less memory than Linux?? (Anthony)
Re: ftp a directory? ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: kBiff / kMail / Netscape configuration... ([EMAIL PROTECTED])
Re: Salary? ("Martin Knoblauch")
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
From: Bernd Gliss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Best HTML tool for Linux
Date: 09 Mar 2000 10:18:44 +0100
one reason for not using an html-editor is version control! If
html-files are kept under version control (as might be company policy)
a slight change in the file (thru the tool) will generate an abundance
of change notices when comparing the changed file to the original one.
I use emacs in html-mode. Bernd Gliss
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Nik Jewell)
Subject: Re: CHROOT for normal FTP USERS
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 08:55:26 +0000 (GMT)
In /etc/passwd put
/home/scan/./
for the user. Note that is slash dot slash at the end. This forces the chroot.
Nik
On Wed, 08 Mar 2000, Kendal Montgomery wrote:
>Hello..
>
>I would like to know if anyone can tell me how to make my ftp daemon
>(wu-ftp) automatically chroot to the user's home directory when they ftp in.
>Such as: I have a user called scan who's home directory is /home/scan. I
>would like it so that if the scan user logs in with ftp, it chroot's to
>/home/scan.
>
>If anyone can help out, please email me at [EMAIL PROTECTED]
>
>Thanks in advance.
>
>
>--
>
>
>Kendal L. Montgomery
>
>".the comPuter Wizard."
>
>Findlay Industries, Inc.
>-- Corporate IT
------------------------------
From: Bernd Gliss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: staroffice
Date: 09 Mar 2000 10:23:14 +0100
what's more, you can copy templates, the address database, as a matter
of fact everything except the database files in StarBase format
between NT and Linux. This works just fine.
I'm not a WNT advocate, but I got a Lexmark Z51 printer (1200 dpi) for
DM 330 that prints fine under NT and not at all under Linux. So,
there are reasons for using 'Gateware', at least sometimes.
Bernd Gliss
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Martijn Brouwer)
Subject: Re: Testing for Winmodems
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 00 09:46:21 GMT
In article <8a5uch$oap$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>, Andy9701 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Currently, I don't know if my modem is a Winmodem or not, or if it will
>work for Linux. I'm guessing that it won't, but I'd like to be
>certain. Is there any way to test if my modem is a Winmodem? If it
>isn't, how would I go about setting it up? Is there a modemconfig or
>something similar?
Easy trick: check the system requirements:
pentium -> winmodem
386 -> real modem
__________________________________________________
Martijn Brouwer [EMAIL PROTECTED]
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Thomas Zajic)
Subject: Re: My 'alias' doesnt' work in X windows ??
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Thomas Zajic)
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 09:42:20 GMT
On Thu, 09 Mar 2000 09:20:57 +0100, Thomas Hommel wrote:
> X normally starts a plain xterm without executing the "profile" file.
> You can type "bash -login" or start the xterm with "xterm -e /bin/bash
> -login" and your aliases will be there. ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
^^^^^^
The correct way to tell xterm to start a login shell is 'xterm -ls',
IIRC. My personal startup commands for an xterm and a root xterm in
IceWM are as follows:
xterm -sb -sl 500 -j -ls -tn xterm-color -rightbar
xterm -sb -sl 500 -j -ls -tn xterm-color -rightbar -T "xterm - root" \
-name xterm_root -fg red -e /bin/su - root
Yes, "-fg red" on the root xterm looks ugly, but at least it keeps me
on my toes. ;-)
HTH,
Thomas
--
=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
- Thomas "ZlatkO" Zajic <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> Linux-2.0.38/slrn-0.9.6.2 -
- "It is not easy to cut through a human head with a hacksaw." (M. C.) -
=-------------------------------------------------------------------------=
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Matthew Haley)
Subject: Re: Testing for Winmodems
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 09:50:43 GMT
On Wed, 8 Mar 2000 14:49:10 -0800, John Todd <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> You could try to use it directly from DOS, "ECHO ATH1 > com2" , and then
>"ECHO ATH0 > com2" to turn it off again. Substitute your own com port of course,
>and you should hear dial tone when it goes off hook. I actually dont know
>whether a Winmodem will do this; maybe someone can tell us! Cheers.
Reboot into MS-DOS mode first though.
--
Petition for Linux Drivers: http://www.libranet.com/petition.html
slrn : http://www.slrn.org
Xnews (Win32) : http://xnews.3dnews.net
Xnews Installer (Win32) : http://www.users.uswest.net/~mrh99/Xnews.htm
------------------------------
From: Bernd Gliss <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: VMWare, Windoze aint a bad app launcher and print driver!, Linux
Desktop Useability
Date: 09 Mar 2000 11:03:58 +0100
thanks for the realistic comments. Have you tried StarOffice as an
MS-Office alternative? I switched from WNT and MS-Office to Linux
(SuSE 6.3) and StarOffice (5.1a) and find that it satisfies all my
needs plus gives me file-format compatability to MS-Office. I work in
an environment where documents arrive in MS-Word-, Excel-, or
Powerpoint format fairly frequently. Had positive experiences so far
(have been using the product for 1 1/2 years now; the new version is
a definitive improvement over earlier ones).
Bernd Gliss
------------------------------
From: Mihaly Gyulai <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Subject: Re: Linux and the future of the world
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 10:02:16 GMT
In article <8a5o6e$p97$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
"Tom Steinberg" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I hope to get some intelligent, detailed answers to a
> variety of questions that I have set for myself to answer.
Maybe you would get more precise, structured answers if this
questonnaire would be at a webpage, where visitors could give
point-and-click answers, or write short comments into fields...
--
Mihaly Gyulai
mailto:[EMAIL PROTECTED]
http://www.freeyellow.com/members5/gyulai/
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Greg Nedel <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.setup
Subject: Re: xset s off & RedHat 6.1
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 00:12:03 -0500
daedalus wrote:
> Greetings all,
>
> I know I can turn off the screen blanking in X windows using
> "xset s off". My question is where do I put that command in a
> standard RH 6.1 (with Gnome) install so that it is executed
> every time Xwindows is started. I've found a couple of places
> I can add it that work for me, but I'd like to know the "correct"
> place to put it so will be the default for all users regardless
> of their method of starting X and without messing up the standard
> RH/Gnome functionality.
>
> TIA
> -Bill
Try the file /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc; possibly on line 84; just before
the if block that runs the Xclients.
Greg
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Red Hat Linux 6.1 Compatibility
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 10:09:56 GMT
goto http//www.xfree86.org and find out.
In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> Is the Voodoo 3 3000 AGP video board supported by Red Hat Linux 6.1?
>
> --
> Posted via CNET Help.com
> http://www.help.com/
>
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Helmut Kreiser <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: linux.misc
Subject: protection setting during boot to wrong states of /, /usr, /var and bash
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 11:08:56 +0100
Hi,
we have some big problems with one server.
A server must be bootet due to some strange behaviors. the reboot failed.
After investigation we found that the protection of:
/
/usr
/var
/bin/bash
was set to (d)r--------
So no script using bash could be executed.
Does anybody knows about this strange behavoir or has seen the same ??
Tnaks for some answers
Regards
Helmut
--
========================================================================
G S I -- Gesellschaft fuer Schwerionenforschung
Dr. Helmut Kreiser e-Mail: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
-DV&EE- Computing
System Manager DEC/OpenVMS and Linux
Bldg. Sued C, 1.251
Planckstr.1 Tel.: 49-(0)6159-71-2517
D-64291 Darmstadt Fax.: 49-(0)6159-71-2986
========================================================================
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: Linux NICs
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 10:22:37 GMT
very good website for info. and drivers for NIC's
http://cesdis.gsfc.nasa.gov/linux/drivers
In article <8a6plb$e32$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
Andy9701 <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> I'm in the market for a new NIC for my Linux box. The card I'm
> currently looking at is the Netgear FA310TX, and I'm wondering how
well
> it works with Linux. After I setup my ip, gateway, etc., does it
> always work without a hitch? Or does it "work" with Linux, only after
> days of playing around with it?
>
> As a side note, if it does work well with Linux, which module does it
> use?
>
> Thanks in advance,
> Andy
>
> Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
> Before you buy.
>
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anthony)
Subject: Memory tuning...anyone?
Date: 9 Mar 2000 10:29:42 GMT
After I read the proc.txt file and put the following in rc.local:
# Memory Tuning - /usr/src/linux/Documentation/procs.txt
echo "64 128 256" > /proc/sys/vm/freepages
echo "2 90 80" > /proc/sys/vm/buffermem
echo "2 75 80" > /proc/sys/vm/pagecache
echo "1024 64 256" > /proc/sys/vm/kswapd
These settings seems to do two things: the vm system
is likely to avoid using swap, and when it does, the
speed of swapping seems 3 times faster than before.
(kswapd was 512 32 32 I think).
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anthony)
Subject: Re: Netscape using all memory in linux
Date: 9 Mar 2000 10:38:11 GMT
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>Luke wrote:
>>
>> I'm running red hat 6.0 on my machine. I need our works webpage up all
>> day for members to use our homebanking. (sort of a kiosk machine) After
>> about 6 hours netscape is using 40 meg or more and the harddrive is
>> crunching non stop. At this point moving anywhere on the web takes about
>> five minutes. I'm using Netscape 4.7 and disabled java. Any help would
>> be great.
>>
>> --
>> Posted via CNET Help.com
>> http://www.help.com/
>
>There is a supposed fix to to netscape 4.7 problems describe
>in a variety of places, including the RedHat website. But
>roughly the recommendation is to do
>
>/usr/sbin/chkfontpath --list
>
>and if it does not show
>
>/usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
>
>do
>
>/usr/sbin/chkfontpath --add /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi
>
>But there is a good chance this won't do any good. The problem
>apparently is that some web sites have badly written Java code,
>and the current Linux versions of netscape start eating up more
>and more memory when such a site is visited. When it uses all
>available physical memory, netscape hangs and has to be killed.
>This will affect you less if you have lots of memory and also
>if you are lucky enough to avoid such sites.
>
>It is a scandal that this has not yet been fixed.
Apparently not just NS under Linux, the windows version
behave the same and so is IE. IE may be less of a memory
hog but I dont surf under windows anyway. What I guess
is after more than 2 hours of visiting pages contain large
amount of graphics, some of these are cached in memory even
if you tell NS not to do it. NS wont release those memory
until you close the browser.
This has little to do with Java code or scripts as I have
been observing this memory hogging behaviour since NS
version 2.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anthony)
Subject: Re: Netscape using all memory in linux
Date: 9 Mar 2000 10:46:46 GMT
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>In article <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
>Luke <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
>>I'm running red hat 6.0 on my machine. I need our works webpage up all
>>day for members to use our homebanking. (sort of a kiosk machine) After
>>about 6 hours netscape is using 40 meg or more and the harddrive is
>>crunching non stop. At this point moving anywhere on the web takes about
>>five minutes. I'm using Netscape 4.7 and disabled java. Any help would
>>be great.
>
>40MB is nothing. I've seen Netscape (Communicator 4.07) using 236 megabytes
>once! As my machine has 128MB physical and 128MB swap, you can imagine it
>was noticeable. The bug was triggered by typing email messages in a Yahoo
>email composer window; I watched Netscape's memory footprint grow by several
>kilobytes per keystroke.
>
>I've seen *healthy* Netscape sessions (i.e. not in runaway memory eater mode)
>use 50-60MB but that's when viewing many simultaneous pages each full of
>dozens of images.
>
>In my experience Netscape also tends to forget about its cache files; I've
>seen Netscape configured to use 5MB of disk cache and yet tie up over 50MB
>in its .netscape/cache directory.
Try this:
load a large html files with only text, for example any faq files
in a single page. Then hit alt-f to search for the word "the",
hit alt-g repeatedly and watch your swap partition blows up ;-)
(It works everytime on all version 4 I believe).
Very nice feature huh?
Btw, I dont like their cache dir, I just use squid - nice and fast
and works.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Desmond Coughlan)
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: Salary?
Date: 9 Mar 2000 10:41:14 GMT
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
On Wed, 8 Mar 2000 22:47:54 +0100, Matthias Warkus <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
[snip]
> > Education.
> Germany has got the best educational system in the whole damn world.
> That at least was the opinion of U.S. educational experts who came to
> my country when the Clinton administration took over to study our
> system in order to plan reforms.
I've heard that said, too. France has an extremely open and free
educational system. Anyone can study right up to doctorate level,
and only have to pay about 800 FFr (about 239 DM) per year. Tuition
is free, as is the right to present oneself at exams.
[snip]
> > I work so I can have a good living. I don't live so I can have a good
> > work/job/empolyment.
> Yup. Germany is a relaxed country. People can't imagine this because
> they know our Prussia-dominated past, but all through the centuries,
> we've only waited to break free from that stranglehold. A shame it
> took a series of catastrophic cataclysms to get us here.
We work 35 hours in France. As my job comes under the auspices of the
City of Paris, this is enforced quite strictly.
[snip]
--
Desmond Coughlan Network Engineer Forum des Images Paris France
***************************************************************************
The views expressed in these articles are my own, and do not necessarily
reflect the views of the Forum des Images.
***************************************************************************
[EMAIL PROTECTED] + 33 (0)1 44.76.62.29 http://www.forumdesimages.net/
------------------------------
From: palowoda <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.unix.question,comp.unix.solaris,linux.redhat
Subject: Re: Solaris 7 vs Redhat6.1 vs NT4
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 10:41:45 GMT
In article <8a6mqq$btv$[EMAIL PROTECTED]>,
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> Hi all....
>
> I have lined up three machines:
> 1) Solaris 7
> 2) NT 4.0
> 3) Redhat 6.1
>
> I have a load Balancer which distributes load i.e. HTTP request to
> any one of these machines behind the Cisco switch (2900series). I
have
> made these machines as equal as possible in terms of RAM, MHz, etc.
>
> Now my question?
>
> Is there any software or scripts which can start spitting out X amount
> of HTTP request on these machines while each counting the HTTP request
> they have served within a given time period? If someone has any other
> suggestion I would be glad to share with everyone......
>
You have to ask yourself the question if the load balancing is
done correctly by service and load factors of each individual
OS to begin with. Products like Resonate www.resonate.com do
something like this.
>From Solaris you can use a combination of SE Toolkit and Orca.
See:
http://www.sunworld.com/sunworldonline/swol-04-1999/swol-04-perf_p.html
which has further details. This will work with both Sparc
and Solaris x86 systems. Xni (Sparc specific)
http://mercury.xni.com/HOME/
---Bob
--
Bob Palowoda The Solaris x86 Corner http://fishbutt.fiver.net
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: Michael Stammberger <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: alt.os.linux.suse
Subject: mt eod buggy?
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 11:44:01 +0100
Reply-To: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Hi,
For a simple backup I want to write multiple files on a HP streamer
(DDS2).
At the beginning of the tape I write a full backup of the whole system
using "tar". That works correctly.
The next 6 days I'll do only differential backups which should be
written on the same tape behind the full backup. (Not appended to the
first backup, but as a separate file!)
To position the tape at the end of the other backups I use "mt eod".
But here is the problem:
"mt eod" does not find the end of the data.
Only I have done a shorter backup (or a differential) "mt eod" will find
the end. I tried to write some EOF after the end of the first long
(full) backup. No effect!
I use the device /dev/nst0 (not rewinding) to access the streamer.
The tapes were erased before doing the full backup.
I tried this with two different streamers so I don't think it's a
hardware problem.
It seems to me that the "mt eod" command is buggy.
Any suggestions?
Michael
--
People love chopping wood. In this activity one immediately sees
results.
- Albert Einstein
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED] (Anthony)
Subject: Re: nt using less memory than Linux??
Date: 9 Mar 2000 10:57:11 GMT
<[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> hey folks...check this...I installed two OSes here...an oldie 1997
>redhat dist with basic networking (NFS, Samba, no apache, no squid) and a NT
>Wks with about the same net capabilities.....the Linux had with KDE as the
>wm, I know that incredbly sucks up memory bad....and I was not surprised
>when I saw:
>
> memory allocated for NT Wks 22 mb of ram
> memory allocated for RedHat with KDE 28 mb of ram.....
>
> each new command line session in NT Wks 1 mb of ram
> each new terminal session in Redhat 6 mb of ram
>
>...could somebody explain this...or it's just the linux shared library hell
KDE and many many other apps is NOT Linux specific, you can run KDE
and many other apps on almost all Unix platforms. You can have a
lightweight window manager or replace X altogether but KDE and
WindowMaker is light enough and functionally rich. And yes, X is
not as light as it should be as the shared libraries are not stripped.
When I open a Eterm it took around 1.8M and most other xterms take
around 1 Meg or less. If you use transparency in xterms it take
up X resources.
In NT everything is fixed but Linux is not, so it is up to you
what you want to use, you cant compare apple to orange.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Subject: Re: ftp a directory?
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 10:53:46 GMT
Thanks for the help.
OK I am logging onto the remote mac from my linux machine using ncftp.
BUT now, when I try to ftp a whole directory from my machine to Mac,
ncftp / > put -R software
Invalid reply: "index.html" is unavailable."
Cannot parse PASV response: Using ascii mode to transfer files.
[hangs]
software is a directory, and index.html is a file in the directory. I
get this error every time I try to transfer a directory. Since I am
transferring web stuff, almost every directory has an index.html file in
it.
Any ideas what is wrong and how to fix? Is this just a broken ftp server
on the Mac? Anybody know an ftp server on Mac that WILL work with ncftp
client on linux?
Thanks for any help!
Bill
Sent via Deja.com http://www.deja.com/
Before you buy.
------------------------------
From: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Crossposted-To:
comp.os.linux,comp.os.linux.help,comp.os.linux.questions,comp.os.linux.setup,linux.redhat.install,linux.redhat.misc,redhat.config,redhat.general
Subject: Re: kBiff / kMail / Netscape configuration...
Date: Thu, 09 Mar 2000 12:01:15 +0100
Brent Marsh wrote:
>
> Hi all-
>
> I'm a relative newbie. I've Redhat 6.1 running with the KDE. I like
> the Biff applet that runs on the K panel to notify me when I have mail,
> but it's preconfigured to launch kMail when you click on it. After
> finding it adequate, I prefer Netscape's e-mail client, Messenger.
>
> The Biff setup dialog box has a place to specify which e-mail client to
> launch, but I don't know what command to put there.
>
> I don't know the command to launch Messenger, and I don't know where to
> find it. I also don't know if there are any options (like "-check" for
> kmail) that I can use with Messenger.
>
> Can someone please help me?
>
> Thanks.
>
> Brent
Hi
You 'll just have to put this :
/usr/local/bin/netscape -mail
(assuming netscape executable is in /usr/local/bin )
Regards,
--
Gilles AUVRAY
------------------------------
From: "Martin Knoblauch" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]>
Crossposted-To: comp.os.linux.networking,comp.os.linux.advocacy
Subject: Re: Salary?
Date: Thu, 9 Mar 2000 12:06:10 +0100
"Greg Yantz" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote in message
news:[EMAIL PROTECTED]...
> "Carlos J. G. Duarte" <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> writes:
>
> > In comp.os.linux.misc Mr. Rupert <[EMAIL PROTECTED]> wrote:
> > [...]
> > > In what respect is the standard of living higher in Germany than in
the
> > > USA?
>
> > they have better cars than you.
>
> Some of them. :)
>
Most of them.
> > they have tax-free highways.
>
> They get taxed in plenty of other ways.
>
Probaly a miswording. We have toll-free highways. But we pay a lot of taxes
for them.
> > they have 6 weeks vacancies, you have 2.5.
>
> I thought it was 5. Over here 2 is minimum, more is
> not unusual.
>
There is no law on it, but most positions will get you 6 weeks (30 working
days, with a usual 5 working day week). Some more. Junior positions may
start with 4-5, but quickly grow to 6.
> > most german workers have a 36h week.
>
Now there is the question of what is in your contract and what you actually
work. I have 35 right now, but I guess I do more like 50. But my salary is
pretty good and I am "expected" to go the extra hours.
> You don't see many European start-ups, then. :) This is both
> good and bad, and part of a larger debate. (And has some tiny
> relation to linux...)
>
Very much a question (in Germany) of overregulation and overtaxing from the
government side. Self-employment (as a seed for starting your own business)
is very difficult.
> > they don't have speed limits...
>
> On some roads...
>
There is no general speed limit on the highway. But 80% of the highways
have explicit limitations. And what good is the right to break your neck at
200 km/h if you are stuck in morning traffic.
All other roads have implicit limits.
> > they have free medical assistance
not true. We pay a lot of mandatory or voluntary health insurance. For
low-med paying jobs the mandatory health insurance is about 12-13% of the
pre-tax income (employer pays half of it by law). There is an upper income
limit from where on you can choose to switch to a voluntary/private
insurance, which usually is cheaper and offers better service.
If you really want the best health service you need to pay for it (or have
a private insurance). Of course nobody will be refused admission to a
hospital if there is a life threatening situation.
> > they have a freely educational system...
>
> Couldn't really comment. Though from what I've heard, the educational
> system can be very limiting- it's pretty much laid out for you from a
> surprisingly young age what types of schools you go to (and *can* go to).
> Correct me if I'm wrong.
>
You (or your parents) have to make some early decisions, but nothing is
ever fixed. Basically all kids start school at about 6. For the first four
years all got to the same school. After four years "you" make a decision:
- stay at basic school "Grundschule" for another 5 years. After passing you
may be able to learn "simple" professions or enter the unemployment market.
As sadly surprising high amount of those people cannot read or write
properly.
- stay for another 6 years at "Realschule". Passing this will allow you to
learn a "qualified" profession. Everything that needs good mastering of
written german and good practical math skills. From there on you can still
get the qualification for university.
- stay another 8 (or is it 9) years at a "Gymnasium" (very differnet from a
Us "gym" :-). Passing the final examination opens you admission to
University.
Universities are mostly public and almost free of fees. Still a university
education will coust you (you parents) a lot of money. With a five year
minimum study time and 12/13 school years you leave university at age 24
earliest. If you get a PHD it will bring you to 30-35. This is something
that hurts us a lot (so industry says at least ...).
The whole story is rather complex and varies from state to state. So I
might have confused some of it - especially as I am out of it for some time
and have no kids to worry about these issues.
> > although, they do have problems:
> > . wether: too cold at winter, too hot at summer
>
> Try North Dakota, or Montana. The US is *big*, and parts of it have
> really nasty weather. I've been in Germany in the winter, and it just
> didn't seem that bad. :P
>
I believe the correct term is "moderate". Never getting to cold in winter
and never getting to hot in summer. Hint: we have no deserts or glaciers
around here.
> > . language: hardly understandable or spoken :-)
>
> True. I never had any trouble finding people who spoke better English
> than I do, when I needed help. :)
>
French is much worse than German. At least to me :-)
Martin
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