Menarik,
Tapi ajaran Islam itu bukan yang memulai poligami tetapi membatasinya, jadi saya pikir
seperti worst case scenario dimana suami masih mencintai isteri dan keluarganya tapi
ingin mempunyai isteri baru, jalan keluarnya ialah poligami bukan perzinahan.
Ini bukan setiap muslim mesti ber-poligami karena poligami sangat jarang dipraktekkan
di dalam keluarga muslim. Seperti yang saya katakan Islam membatasi jalan ke poligami
bukan yang memulai poligami.
Tentang budak,
kita mesti tahu apa aturan perlakuan seorang pemilik dengan budaknya dalam Islam dan
anjuran Nabi akan memerdekakan budak, jadi disini bisa dilihat sistemnya adalah
memandirikan bekas budak agar bisa diintegrasikan dalam masyarakat.
Islam is a religion that came to fight slavery and end it once and for all. During
Judaism and Christianity, slavery was at its highest peak in the Middle East. People
were enslaved and they and their children were inherited and passed down to
generations for ever. This tradition came from Leviticus 25:44-46 in the Bible's Old
Testament, and further continued in the New Testament in 1 Timothy 6:1, 1 Peter 2:18,
and Colossians 3:22.
By gradually freeing slaves and making it be acceptable to the society of many
different pagan cultures and traditions, the idea of eliminating slavery became
powerful enough that after Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him died, the freed slaves
remained free and none of them was ever enslaved again.
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said:
Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari: "The Prophet said, "Give food to the hungry, pay a
visit to the sick and release (set free) the one in captivity (by paying his ransom)."
(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Food, Meals, Volume 7, Book 65, Number 286)"
Tapi memang ini juga dapat menjadi masalah karena cara pandang seseorang berbeda-beda
dengan latar belakang budaya yang berbeda. Dan, tidak banyak muslim yang begitu paham
akan hal ini.
How does Islam view slaves?
Islam commands the Muslims to love and respect slaves and to treat them with kindness.
Let us look at Noble Verse 2:177 "It is not righteousness that ye turn your faces
Towards east or West; but it is righteousness to believe in God and the Last Day, and
the Angels, and the Book, and the Messengers; to spend of your substance, out of love
for Him, for your kin, for orphans, for the needy, for the wayfarer, for those who
ask, and for the ransom of slaves; to be steadfast in prayer, and practice regular
charity; to fulfil the contracts which ye have made; and to be firm and patient, in
pain (or suffering) and adversity, and throughout all periods of panic. Such are the
people of truth, the God-fearing." In this Noble Verse, we see that Allah Almighty
orders Muslims to spend from their money and wealth and to give with love and respect
the kin, orphans, the needy, the wayfarer, for those who ask, and for slaves. Muslims
have to help those who need it in their community.
Let us look at Noble Verse 2:221 "Do not marry unbelieving women (idolaters), until
they believe: A slave woman who believes is better than an unbelieving woman, even
though she allures you. Nor marry (your girls) to unbelievers until they believe: A
man slave who believes is better than an unbeliever, even though he allures you.
Unbelievers do (but) beckon you to the Fire. But God beckons by His Grace to the
Garden (of bliss) and forgiveness, and makes His Signs clear to mankind: That they may
celebrate His praise." In this Noble Verse, we see that Allah Almighty in some cases
considers a slave to be better than a free human being. Allah Almighty orders Muslims
not to marry from the Pagans, and He tells us that a slave Muslim (who is owned by a
non Muslim) is better than a non believer, even if that non believer was beautiful.
Let us look at Noble Verse 24:31 "And say to the believing women that they should
lower their gaze and guard their modesty; that they should not display their beauty
and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw
their veils over their bosoms and not display their beauty except to their husbands,
their fathers, their husband's fathers, their sons, their husbands' sons, their
brothers or their brothers' sons, or their sisters' sons, or their women, or the
slaves whom their right hands possess, or male servants free of physical needs, or
small children who have no sense of the shame of sex; and that they should not strike
their feet in order to draw attention to their hidden ornaments. And O ye Believers!
turn ye all together towards God, that ye may attain Bliss." In this Noble Verse, we
see that Allah Almighty orders the Muslim women to guard their modesty and not to
display their beauty to strangers. However, the Muslim women are allowed to
display their beauty to their husbands, relatives, other women, and their slaves.
This Noble Verse clearly shows a full respect to the slaves by allowing the Muslim
women to display their beauty to them.
Some teachings from Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him:
Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) as saying: "When the
slave of anyone amongst you prepares food for him and he serves him after having sat
close to (and undergoing the hardship of) heat and smoke, he should make him (the
slave) sit along with him and make him eat (along with him), and if the food seems to
run short, then he should spare some portion for him (from his own share) - (another
narrator) Dawud said:" i. e. a morsel or two". 4097. (Translation of Sahih Muslim,
The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4096)"
Narrated Al-Ma'rur: "At Ar-Rabadha I met Abu Dhar who was wearing a cloak, and his
slave, too, was wearing a similar one. I asked about the reason for it. He replied, "I
abused a person by calling his mother with bad names." The Prophet said to me, 'O Abu
Dhar! Did you abuse him by calling his mother with bad names You still have some
characteristics of ignorance. Your slaves are your brothers and Allah has put them
under your command. So whoever has a brother under his command should feed him of what
he eats and dress him of what he wears. Do not ask them (slaves) to do things beyond
their capacity (power) and if you do so, then help them.' (Translation of Sahih
Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 29)"
Narrated Anas: "The Prophet said, 'None of you will have faith till he wishes for his
(Muslim) brother [this includes slaves, since a slave is considered a brother as shown
above] what he likes for himself.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1,
Book 2, Number 12)"
Narrated Abu Musa: "Some people asked Allah's Apostle, 'Whose Islam is the best? i.e.
(Who is a very good Muslim)?' He replied, 'One who avoids harming the Muslims with
his tongue and hands.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Belief, Volume 1, Book 2,
Number 10)"
Narrated 'Abdullah bin 'Amr: "A man asked the Prophet, 'What sort of deeds or (what
qualities of) Islam are good?' The Prophet replied, 'To feed (the poor) and greet
those whom you know and those whom you do not Know.' (Translation of Sahih Bukhari,
Belief, Volume 1, Book 2, Number 11)"
The Liberation of Slaves in Islam:
The reason why Muslims had slaves is because when Islam was still weak and growing,
the Arab Pagans' tribes used to launch continuous attacks on the Muslims to destroy
Islam once and for all. Muslims had entered many bloody and vicious battles against
the non believers which had cost both sides many lives from the men. When the Muslims
used to enter a city after defeating its army, they would face a new dilemma. They
often meet hundreds of non believing women and young children and elderly left without
any support because their men had died in the battle field.
For this reason, Allah Almighty allowed for the Muslims to take those people as slaves
to help them survive. Keep in mind that during that time, the Muslims didn't have an
Islamic government and welfare system to take care of the orphans and widows from the
non believers. The Muslims had to take care of them from their own means.
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him ordered the Muslims to be very sensitive to their
slaves. He ordered the Muslims to buy the slave young boys and girls the same quality
of clothes and gifts that they would buy for their children. He also ordered Muslims
not to hit or be violent to adult slaves. He ordered Muslims to be loving and caring
for them.
Prophet Muhammad also urged wealthy Muslims to buy slaves from the Pagan Arabs and to
let them free after that. One of Prophet Muhammad's best friends was a slave from
Africa called Bilal Al-Habashi. Bilal was bought from his Pagan master by Abu Baker
Al-Siddeek, one of Muhammad's best friends. After Abu Baker bought Bilal, he set him
free.
Islam as I mentioned in the introduction came to fight slavery. Allah Almighty
ordered the Muslims to gradually liberate slaves and to give them their freedom in
many cases.
Let us look at Noble Verse 4:92 "Never should a believer kill a believer; but (If it
so happens) by mistake, (Compensation is due): If one (so) kills a believer, it is
ordained that he should free a believing slave, and pay compensation to the deceased's
family, unless they remit it freely. If the deceased belonged to a people at war with
you, and he was a believer, the freeing of a believing slave (Is enough). If he
belonged to a people with whom ye have treaty of Mutual alliance, compensation should
be paid to his family, and a believing slave be freed. For those who find this beyond
their means, (is prescribed) a fast for two months running: by way of repentance to
God: for God hath all knowledge and all wisdom." In this Noble Verse, we see that
Allah Almighty ordered to free a believing slave if a Muslim accidentally kills
another Muslim. This Noble Verse came to encourage Muslims to liberate slaves.
Let us look at Noble Verse 5:89 "God will not call you to account for what is futile
in your oaths, but He will call you to account for your deliberate oaths: for
expiation, feed ten indigent persons, on a scale of the average for the food of your
families; or clothe them; or give a slave his freedom. If that is beyond your means,
fast for three days. That is the expiation for the oaths ye have sworn. But keep to
your oaths. Thus doth God make clear to you His signs, that ye may be grateful." This
Noble Verse is also another proof that Allah Almighty did encourage Muslims to
liberate slaves.
Let us look at Noble Verse 58:3 "But those who divorce their wives by Zihar, then wish
to go back on the words they uttered, (It is ordained that such a one) should free a
slave before they touch each other: Thus are ye admonished to perform: and God is
well-acquainted with (all) that ye do." This Noble Verse is another proof that Allah
Almighty did encourage Muslims to liberate slaves.
Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari: "The Prophet said, "Give food to the hungry, pay a
visit to the sick and release (set free) the one in captivity (by paying his ransom)."
(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Food, Meals, Volume 7, Book 65, Number 286)"
Narrated Asma: "No doubt the Prophet ordered people to manumit slaves during the solar
eclipse. (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Eclipses, Volume 2, Book 18, Number 163)"
"'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported that 'Umar b. Khattab asked the Messenger of Allah (may
peace be upon him) as he was at ji'rana (a town near Mecca) on his way back from
Ta'if: Messenger of Allah, I had taken a vow during the days of Ignorance that I would
observe I'tikaf for one day in the Sacred Mosque. So what is your opinion? He said: Go
and observe I'tikaf for a day. And Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) gave him
a slave girl out of the one-fifth (of the spoils of war meant for the Holy Prophet).
And when Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon him) set the war prisoners free. 'Umar
b. Khattab heard their voice as they were saying: Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him) has set us free. He (Hadrat 'Umar) said: What is this? They said: Allah's
Messenger (may peace be upon him) has set free the prisoners of war (which had fallen
to the lot of people). Thereupon he (Hadrat 'Umar) said: Abdullah, go to that
slave-girl and set her free. (Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of
Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4074)"
If a Muslim beats his slave or slaps him on the face, then he must set him free:
"Zadhan reported that Ibn Umar called his slave and he found the marks (of beating)
upon his back. He said to him: I have caused you pain. He said: No. But he (Ibn Umar)
said: You are free. He then took hold of something from the earth and said: There is
no reward for me even to the weight equal to it. I heard Allah's Messenger (may peace
be upon him) as saying: He who beats a slave without cognizable offence of his or
slaps him, then expiation for it is that he should set him free. (Translation of
Sahih Muslim, The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015, Number 4079)"
"Abu Mas'ud reported that he had been beating his slave and he had been saying: "I
seek refuge with Allah, but he continued beating him, whereupon he said: I seek refuge
with Allah's Messenger, and he spared him. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (may peace be
upon him) said: By Allah, God has more dominance over you than you have over him (the
slave). He said that he set him free. This hadith has been narrated on the authority
of Shu'ba with the same chain of transmitters, but made no mention of (these words) of
his: I seek refuge with Allah, I seek refuge with Allah's Messenger (may peace be upon
him). (Translation of Sahih Muslim, The Book of Oaths (Kitab Al-Aiman), Book 015,
Number 4089)"
More on freeing slaves:
Narrated Salamah ibn Sakhr al-Bayadi: "I was a man who was more given than others to
sexual intercourse with women. When the month of Ramadan came, I feared lest I should
have intercourse with my wife, and this evil should remain with me till the morning.
So I made my wife like my mother's back to me till the end of Ramadan. But one night
when she was waiting upon me, something of her was revealed. Suddenly I jumped upon
her. When the morning came I went to my people and informed them about this matter. I
said: Go along with me to the Apostle of Allah (peace_be_upon_him). They said: No,
by Allah. So I went to the Prophet (peace be upon him and informed him of the matter.
He said: Have you really committed it, Salamah? I said: I committed it twice, Apostle
of Allah. I am content with the Commandment of Allah, the Exalted; so take a decision
about me according to what Allah has shown you. He said: Free a slave. I said: By Him
Who sent you with truth, I do not possess a neck other
than this: and I struck the surface of my neck. He said: Then fast two consecutive
months. I said: Whatever I suffered is due to fasting. He said: Feed sixty poor
people with a wasq of dates. I said: By Him Who sent you with truth, we passed the
night hungry; there was no food in our house. He said: Then go to the collector of
sadaqah of Banu Zurayq; he must give it to you. Then feed sixty poor people with a
wasq of dates; and you and your family eat the remaining dates. Then I came back to my
people, and said (to them): I found with you poverty and bad opinion; and I found with
the Prophet (peace_be_upon_him) prosperity and good opinion. He has commanded me to
give alms to you. Ibn al-Ala' added: Ibn Idris said: Bayadah is a sub-clan of Banu
Zurayq. (Translation of Sunan Abu-Dawud, Divorce (Kitab Al-Talaq), Book 12, Number
2207)"
Narrated Khuwaylah, daughter of Malik ibn Tha'labah: "My husband, Aws ibn as-Samit,
pronounced the words: You are like my mother. So I came to the Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him), complaining to him about my husband. The Apostle of Allah
(peace_be_upon_him) disputed with me and said: Remain dutiful to Allah; he is your
cousin. I continued (complaining) until the Qur'anic verse came down: "Allah hath
heard the words of her who disputeth with thee concerning her husband...." till the
prescription of expiation. He then said: He should set free a slave. She said: He
cannot afford it. He said: He should fast for two consecutive months. She said:
Apostle of Allah, he is an old man; he cannot keep fasts. He said: He should feed
sixty poor people. She said: He has nothing which he may give in alms. At that moment
an araq (i.e. date-basket holding fifteen or sixteen sa's) was brought to him. I
said: I shall help him with another date-basked ('araq). He said: You have done well.
Go
and feed sixty poor people on his behalf, and return to your cousin. The narrator
said: An araq holds sixty sa's of dates. (Translation of Sunan Abu-Dawud, Divorce
(Kitab Al-Talaq), Book 12, Number 2208)"
There are a lot more Noble Verses from the Noble Quran and Sayings from our beloved
Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him that push for freeing of slaves. The Islamic
attitude toward slaves is very clear and straight forward: All slaves are eventually
to be freed! And they were all freed during the times of Islam from the
Judeo-Christian and Pagan slavery.
Can a slave request his freedom from his Muslim owner?
The Noble Quran not only allows slaves to request their freedom from their Muslim
masters, but also orders the Muslim masters to pay the slaves money to help them stand
on their feet and to be able to face life with a good jump start.
Let us look at Noble Verse 24:33 "Let those who find not the wherewithal for marriage
keep themselves chaste, until God gives them means out of His grace. And if any of
your slaves ask for a deed in writing (to enable them to earn their freedom for a
certain sum), give them such a deed if ye know any good in them: yea, give them
something yourselves out of the means which God has given to you. But force not your
maids to prostitution when they desire chastity, in order that ye may make a gain in
the goods of this life. But if anyone compels them, yet, after such compulsion, is
God, Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful (to them)," In this Noble Verse, we see that if a
slave requests his freedom from his Muslim master, then his master not only must help
him earn his freedom if there is good in the Slave, but also pay him money so the
slave can have a good start in his free life.
"The law of slavery in the legal sense of the term is now obsolete. While it had any
meaning, Islam made the slave's lot as easy as possible. A slave, male or female,
could ask for conditional manumission by a written deed fixing the amount required for
manumission and allowing the slave meanwhile to earn money by lawful means and perhaps
marry and bring up a family. Such a deed was not to be refused if the request was
genuine and the slave had character. Not only that, but the master is directed to
help with money out of his own resources in order to enable the slave to earn his or
her own liberty." [2]
Again, the Prophet peace be upon him said:
Narrated Abu Musa Al-Ash'ari: "The Prophet said, "Give food to the hungry, pay a
visit to the sick and release (set free) the one in captivity (by paying his ransom)."
(Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Food, Meals, Volume 7, Book 65, Number 286)"
Conclusion:
Islam is a very merciful religion on slaves. Islam came and fought many bloody
battles against the Arabs who believed in slavery and who brutally enslaved many
people. Islam also sees the importance of liberating slaves, and had helped to
gradually liberate slaves until all of them were ultimately freed. Islam allows for
any slave to request from his Muslim owner his freedom, and orders the Muslim owner to
grant that slave his freedom and to pay him money on top of it to help him get a good
start in his new free life.
Bibliography:
1- The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an.
Author: Abdullah Yusuf Ali.
Published by: Amana Publications, 10710 Tucker Street, Suite B, Beltsville, Maryland
20705-2223 USA.
Telephone: (301) 595-5777.
Fax: (301) 595-5888.
ISBN: 0-91597-59-0 (HC).
2- The Meaning of the Holy Qur'an [1]. Foot note #2991, page 875.
Tetapi jika seorang muslim memperbudak seorang yang sudah merdeka tentu saja dilarang
bahkan berdosa.
Menarik bukan agama Islam ini jika kita memahaminya lebih dalam.
[EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
Bisa saja pada zaman Nabi Muhammad beliau mempunyai banyak isteri. Tetapi, apakah
pemilikan beliau pada zaman tsb adalah up to date untuk zaman sekarang, dimana
diperjuangkan emansipasi kaum wanita? Mengapa diperlukan emansipasi untuk kaum wanita?
Sama halnya pada zaman Nabi, perbudakan diperbolehkan. Apakah zaman sekarang perlu
kita hidupkan kembali perbudakan?
>
> Fr�n: "peace"
> Datum: 2004/10/06 Wed PM 08:43:25 CEST
> Till: [EMAIL PROTECTED]
> �mne: [ppiindia] Re: Mengharamkan Poligami dan Menghalalkan Perzinahan
>
>
> Assalamu Alaikum Wr.Wb,
> Inilah hanya pengamatan terhadap Al Quran tentang pelurusan Poligamy.
>
> diambil dari salinan websiteku, Summary:
>
> Masih ada arti poligamy telah disalahgunakan dan difitnah bahwa boleh
> memperistri cewek cewek cantik, padahal yang jelas dari penjelasan Al
> quran adalah untuk membantu budak budak dalam kesejatheraan.
>
> Semasa Nabi Muhammad, dalam peperangan para janda kafir telah
> ditinggalkan setelah kematian para lelaki kafir dalam ada niat umat
> umat kafir menyerang umat umat beriman duluan (Baca sejarah Nabi
> Muhammad). Walaupun atas perintahNya, Nabi Muhammad langsung
> mempersiapkan penyerangan pembelaan terhadap orang orang kafir. Nabi
> Muhammad berpoligamy bertujuan membantu meringankan beban para
> wanita. Poligamy hanya berlaku terhadap nenek, janda, pelacur, tidak
> cantik, helpless wanita, wanita kafir.
>
> Dalam mengartikan poligamy untuk memerlukan kesejatheraan dan
> keimanan akibat krisis ekonomi dan kafir. Ini tidak haram semasa
> membantu helpless para wanita. Terkecuali mengancam wanita wanita
> mandiri atau istri orang legal untuk menjadi budak agar dipoligamy,
> sesungguhnya ini sangat haram. Bayangkin tulisan ayat ayat Al quran
> dalam bentuk budak. Allah menghormati hal itu. Para helpless wanita
> diartikan memerlukan kesejatheraan dan perhatian lelaki dalam
> pengurusan keluarga janda/helpless.
>
> Nabi Muhammad memiliki istri yang sangat dicintai adalah Khadijah
> (jodoh) dan beranak kandung sendiri. Walaupun berpoligamy dengan
> beberapa helpless istri untuk menyejatherakan mereka. Tidak ada dari
> anak Muhammad dari poligamy melainkan ada adalah anak Ibrahim tetapi
> akhirnya gugur di istri poligamy hasil hubungan. Untuk memahami bila
> istri poligamy (bukan Khadijah) meminta keinginan menenangkan jiwa
> dengan terhibur dengan punya anak, jadi dia meminta Nabi Muhammad
> menghamilinya. Bukan hanya untuk seks. Jadi kita rasanya belajar
> perlunya menghormati Jodoh dan artinya Poligamy.
>
> Berpoligamy pada "helpless" wanita, ini dapat diartikan membantu
> helpless wanita bukan Jodoh sebenarnya. Melainkan Jodoh perlu
> diartikan bahwa hati ke hati dalam kecocokan.
>
> Soal berpoligamy Aisha, karena bapak dan scholars sangat
> berterimakasih pada Nabi Muhammad, ingin bangga telah memiliki
> saudara spt Nabi Muhammad bila menghadiahkan Aisha padanya. Menurut
> sejarah, Mereka tidak mau Aisha bersuami non Islam. Dalam kesempatan
> Aisha dapat belajar Islam lebih banyak juga. Bagaimana kemuliaanNya
> untuk kesayangan Nabi Muhammad dan anak termuda Aisha sebagai
> menghibur jiwa Nabi Muhammad kalau tidak ada kaitan dgn seks?. Tentu
> saja Nabi Muhammad memegang kenabian dan kerasulan inilah sangat
> popular dan terhormat.
>
> Semoga Allah dapat memberkati kita semua, sesungguhnya allah yang
> maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana.
>
>
> May Allah bleesing us all, Allah yang Maha Perkasa lagi Maha Bijaksana
> In the name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful
> Semoga bermanfaaat,
>
> Wassalam Alaikum Wr.Wb,
>
> --- In [EMAIL PROTECTED], [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
> >
> > ..... tapi kena apa raja-raja israel berpoligami ???
>
> >
> >
> > Bagaimana pendapat para Muslimah? Yang memperdebatkan polygami
> > hendaknya hanya kaum Muslim, sebab dalam agama Kristen tak ada, jadi
> > mereka tak perlu memperdebatkannya. Orang Buddha dan agama lainnya
> > mungkin juga tak ada persoalan.
> >
> > Yang benar adalah, pelacuran, perzinahan dilarang. Ini bukan
> > alternatif untuk polygami. Ditiap agama. Seharusnya.
> >
> > Bagaimana mBak2 Listy, mBak Lenny dll?
> >
> > Salam
> >
> > RM D Hadinoto
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > ______________________________________________________________
> >
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> > addressed, if you are not the original recipient, please delete it
> > from your system. Any views or opinions expressed in this email are
> > those of the author only.
> > ______________________________________________________________
>
>
>
>
>
>
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