adelapena commented on code in PR #2310:
URL: https://github.com/apache/cassandra/pull/2310#discussion_r1223187355


##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;

Review Comment:
   We can directly use `throw new AssertionError(...`



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/CQLTester.java:
##########
@@ -2295,6 +2369,28 @@ protected static Gauge<Integer> 
getPausedConnectionsGauge()
         return metrics.get(metricName);
     }
 
+    public static class Vector<T> extends AbstractList<T>

Review Comment:
   Nit: can use `@SafeVarargs` 



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCreateUDTs(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        Set<UserType> udts = CassandraGenerators.extractUDTs(metadata);
+        if (!udts.isEmpty())
+        {
+            Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+            pending.addAll(udts);
+            Set<ByteBuffer> created = new HashSet<>();
+            while (!pending.isEmpty())
+            {
+                UserType next = pending.poll();
+                Set<UserType> subTypes = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.extractUDTs(next);
+                subTypes.remove(next); // it includes self
+                if (subTypes.isEmpty() || subTypes.stream().allMatch(t -> 
created.contains(t.name)))
+                {
+                    String cql = next.toCqlString(false, false);
+                    logger.warn("Creating UDT {}", cql);
+                    schemaChange(cql);
+                    created.add(next.name);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unable to create UDT {}; following sub-types 
still not created: {}", next.getCqlTypeName(), subTypes.stream().filter(t -> 
!created.contains(t.name)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));

Review Comment:
   We can break the long line:
   ```suggestion
                       logger.warn("Unable to create UDT {}; following 
sub-types still not created: {}",
                                   next.getCqlTypeName(),
                                   subTypes.stream().filter(t -> 
!created.contains(t.name)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
   ```



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();

Review Comment:
   This can go into the static block right above



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCreateUDTs(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        Set<UserType> udts = CassandraGenerators.extractUDTs(metadata);
+        if (!udts.isEmpty())
+        {
+            Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+            pending.addAll(udts);
+            Set<ByteBuffer> created = new HashSet<>();
+            while (!pending.isEmpty())
+            {
+                UserType next = pending.poll();
+                Set<UserType> subTypes = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.extractUDTs(next);
+                subTypes.remove(next); // it includes self
+                if (subTypes.isEmpty() || subTypes.stream().allMatch(t -> 
created.contains(t.name)))
+                {
+                    String cql = next.toCqlString(false, false);
+                    logger.warn("Creating UDT {}", cql);
+                    schemaChange(cql);
+                    created.add(next.name);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unable to create UDT {}; following sub-types 
still not created: {}", next.getCqlTypeName(), subTypes.stream().filter(t -> 
!created.contains(t.name)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+                    pending.add(next);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int primaryColumnCount(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        return metadata.partitionKeyColumns().size() + 
metadata.clusteringColumns().size();
+    }
+
+    private String selectStmt(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("SELECT * FROM ").append(metadata).append(" WHERE ");
+        for (ColumnMetadata column : 
ImmutableList.<ColumnMetadata>builder().addAll(metadata.partitionKeyColumns()).addAll(metadata.clusteringColumns()).build())
+            sb.append(column.name.toCQLString()).append(" = ? AND ");

Review Comment:
   We can break the long line:
   ```suggestion
           for (ColumnMetadata column : ImmutableList.<ColumnMetadata>builder()
                                                     
.addAll(metadata.partitionKeyColumns())
                                                     
.addAll(metadata.clusteringColumns())
                                                     .build())
           {
               sb.append(column.name.toCQLString()).append(" = ? AND ");
           }
   ```



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCreateUDTs(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        Set<UserType> udts = CassandraGenerators.extractUDTs(metadata);
+        if (!udts.isEmpty())
+        {
+            Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+            pending.addAll(udts);
+            Set<ByteBuffer> created = new HashSet<>();
+            while (!pending.isEmpty())
+            {
+                UserType next = pending.poll();
+                Set<UserType> subTypes = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.extractUDTs(next);
+                subTypes.remove(next); // it includes self
+                if (subTypes.isEmpty() || subTypes.stream().allMatch(t -> 
created.contains(t.name)))
+                {
+                    String cql = next.toCqlString(false, false);
+                    logger.warn("Creating UDT {}", cql);
+                    schemaChange(cql);
+                    created.add(next.name);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unable to create UDT {}; following sub-types 
still not created: {}", next.getCqlTypeName(), subTypes.stream().filter(t -> 
!created.contains(t.name)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+                    pending.add(next);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int primaryColumnCount(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        return metadata.partitionKeyColumns().size() + 
metadata.clusteringColumns().size();
+    }
+
+    private String selectStmt(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("SELECT * FROM ").append(metadata).append(" WHERE ");
+        for (ColumnMetadata column : 
ImmutableList.<ColumnMetadata>builder().addAll(metadata.partitionKeyColumns()).addAll(metadata.clusteringColumns()).build())
+            sb.append(column.name.toCQLString()).append(" = ? AND ");
+        sb.setLength(sb.length() - " AND ".length());
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private String insertStmt(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("INSERT INTO ").append(metadata.toString()).append(" (");
+        Iterator<ColumnMetadata> cols = metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+        while (cols.hasNext())
+            sb.append(cols.next().name.toCQLString()).append(", ");
+        sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2); // remove last ", "
+        sb.append(") VALUES (");
+        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.columns().size(); i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0)
+                sb.append(", ");
+            sb.append('?');
+        }
+        sb.append(")");
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static Builder qt()
+    {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder
+    {
+        private long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();

Review Comment:
   Can be `final`



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/validation/entities/TupleTypeTest.java:
##########
@@ -333,7 +336,14 @@ private static Gen<TypeAndRows> typesAndRowsGen()
 
     private static Gen<TypeAndRows> typesAndRowsGen(int numRows)
     {
-        Gen<TupleType> typeGen = tupleTypeGen(primitiveTypeGen(), 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 10));
+        Gen<AbstractType<?>> subTypeGen = AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                
.withTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.PRIMITIVE)
+                                                                // ordering 
doesn't make sense for duration
+                                                                
.withoutPrimitive(DurationType.instance)
+                                                                // data is 
"normalzied" causing equality matches to fail

Review Comment:
   Typo:
   ```suggestion
                                                                   // data is 
"normalized" causing equality matches to fail
   ```



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/validation/operations/CQLVectorTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.validation.operations;
+
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQLTester;
+
+public class CQLVectorTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    @Test
+    public void select()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (pk vector<int, 2> primary 
key)");
+
+        execute("INSERT INTO %s (pk) VALUES ([1, 2])");
+
+        assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE pk = [1, 2]"), row(list(1, 
2)));

Review Comment:
   `list(1, 2)` and `row(list(1, 2)` are repeated many times across the test. 
We can put them in a var:
   ```java
   Vector<Integer> vector = vector(1, 2);
   Object[] row = row(vector);
   
   assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE pk = [1, 2]"), row);
   assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE pk = ?", vector), row);
   assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE pk = [1, 1 + 1]"), row);
   assertRows(execute("SELECT * FROM %s WHERE pk = [1, ?]", 2), row);
   ...
   
   ```



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/validation/operations/InsertInvalidateSizedRecordsTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.validation.operations;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import com.google.common.base.StandardSystemProperty;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.InvalidQueryException;
+import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQLTester;
+import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.File;
+import org.apache.cassandra.tools.ToolRunner;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
+
+import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+
+public class InsertInvalidateSizedRecordsTest extends CQLTester
+{
+    private static final ByteBuffer LARGE_BLOB = 
ByteBuffer.allocate(FBUtilities.MAX_UNSIGNED_SHORT + 1);
+    private static final ByteBuffer MEDIUM_BLOB = 
ByteBuffer.allocate(FBUtilities.MAX_UNSIGNED_SHORT / 2 + 10);
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValuePk()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob PRIMARY KEY)");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", new Object[] {null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key may not be empty");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void compositeValuePk()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
((a, b)))");
+        // sum of columns is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() * 2) + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // single column is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() + LARGE_BLOB.remaining()) + " is longer than maximum 
of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        // this is an inconsistent behavior... null is blocked by 
org.apache.cassandra.db.MultiCBuilder.OneClusteringBuilder.addElementToAll
+        // but this does not count empty as null, and doesn't check for this 
case...  We have a requirement in cqlsh that empty is allowed when
+        // user opts-in to allow it (NULL='-'), so we will find that null is 
blocked, but empty is allowed!
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {null, null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {MEDIUM_BLOB, null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column b");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {null, MEDIUM_BLOB}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+
+        // empty is allowed when composite partition columns...
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+        execute("TRUNCATE %s");
+
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+        execute("TRUNCATE %s");
+
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER, 
MEDIUM_BLOB);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValueClustering()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
(a, b))");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, null))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column b");
+
+        // 
org.apache.cassandra.db.MultiCBuilder.OneClusteringBuilder.addElementToAll 
defines "null" differently than most of the code;
+        // most of the code defines null as:
+        //   value == null || accessor.isEmpty(value)
+        // but the code defines null as
+        //   value == null
+        // In CASSANDRA-18504 a new isNull method was added to the type, as 
blob and text both "should" allow empty, but this scattered null logic doesn't 
allow...
+        // For backwards compatability reasons, need to keep empty support
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void compositeValueClustering()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, c blob, 
PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c))");
+        // sum of columns is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, 
c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() * 2) + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // single column is too large
+        // the logic prints the total clustering size and not the single 
column's size that was too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, 
c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() + LARGE_BLOB.remaining()) + " is longer than maximum 
of 65535");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValueIndex()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
(a))");
+        String table = KEYSPACE + "." + currentTable();
+        execute("CREATE INDEX single_value_index ON %s (b)");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Cannot index value of size " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " for index single_value_index on " + table + "(b) 
(maximum allowed size=65535)");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Partial port of 
cqlsh_tests.test_cqlsh_copy.TestCqlshCopy#test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types() throws 
IOException

Review Comment:
   I think we can use a camel cased method name, the JavaDoc still makes it 
easy to find the corresponding Python dtest.



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/validation/operations/InsertInvalidateSizedRecordsTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,195 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3.validation.operations;
+
+import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
+import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
+import java.io.Writer;
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
+import java.nio.file.Files;
+import java.util.UUID;
+
+import com.google.common.base.StandardSystemProperty;
+import org.junit.Test;
+
+import com.datastax.driver.core.exceptions.InvalidQueryException;
+import org.apache.cassandra.cql3.CQLTester;
+import org.apache.cassandra.io.util.File;
+import org.apache.cassandra.tools.ToolRunner;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FBUtilities;
+import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;
+
+import static org.apache.cassandra.utils.ByteBufferUtil.EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER;
+
+public class InsertInvalidateSizedRecordsTest extends CQLTester
+{
+    private static final ByteBuffer LARGE_BLOB = 
ByteBuffer.allocate(FBUtilities.MAX_UNSIGNED_SHORT + 1);
+    private static final ByteBuffer MEDIUM_BLOB = 
ByteBuffer.allocate(FBUtilities.MAX_UNSIGNED_SHORT / 2 + 10);
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValuePk()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob PRIMARY KEY)");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", new Object[] {null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a) 
VALUES (?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key may not be empty");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void compositeValuePk()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
((a, b)))");
+        // sum of columns is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() * 2) + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // single column is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() + LARGE_BLOB.remaining()) + " is longer than maximum 
of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        // this is an inconsistent behavior... null is blocked by 
org.apache.cassandra.db.MultiCBuilder.OneClusteringBuilder.addElementToAll
+        // but this does not count empty as null, and doesn't check for this 
case...  We have a requirement in cqlsh that empty is allowed when
+        // user opts-in to allow it (NULL='-'), so we will find that null is 
blocked, but empty is allowed!
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {null, null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {MEDIUM_BLOB, null}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column b");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", new Object[] {null, MEDIUM_BLOB}))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column a");
+
+        // empty is allowed when composite partition columns...
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+        execute("TRUNCATE %s");
+
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+        execute("TRUNCATE %s");
+
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER, 
MEDIUM_BLOB);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValueClustering()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
(a, b))");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // null / empty checks
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, null))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Invalid null value in condition for 
column b");
+
+        // 
org.apache.cassandra.db.MultiCBuilder.OneClusteringBuilder.addElementToAll 
defines "null" differently than most of the code;
+        // most of the code defines null as:
+        //   value == null || accessor.isEmpty(value)
+        // but the code defines null as
+        //   value == null
+        // In CASSANDRA-18504 a new isNull method was added to the type, as 
blob and text both "should" allow empty, but this scattered null logic doesn't 
allow...
+        // For backwards compatability reasons, need to keep empty support
+        executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, 
EMPTY_BYTE_BUFFER);
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void compositeValueClustering()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, c blob, 
PRIMARY KEY (a, b, c))");
+        // sum of columns is too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, 
c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() * 2) + " is longer than maximum of 65535");
+
+        // single column is too large
+        // the logic prints the total clustering size and not the single 
column's size that was too large
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b, 
c) VALUES (?, ?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Key length of " + 
(MEDIUM_BLOB.remaining() + LARGE_BLOB.remaining()) + " is longer than maximum 
of 65535");
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void singleValueIndex()
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (a blob, b blob, PRIMARY KEY 
(a))");
+        String table = KEYSPACE + "." + currentTable();
+        execute("CREATE INDEX single_value_index ON %s (b)");
+        Assertions.assertThatThrownBy(() -> executeNet("INSERT INTO %s (a, b) 
VALUES (?, ?)", MEDIUM_BLOB, LARGE_BLOB))
+                  .hasRootCauseInstanceOf(InvalidQueryException.class)
+                  .hasRootCauseMessage("Cannot index value of size " + 
LARGE_BLOB.remaining() + " for index single_value_index on " + table + "(b) 
(maximum allowed size=65535)");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Partial port of 
cqlsh_tests.test_cqlsh_copy.TestCqlshCopy#test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types
+     */
+    @Test
+    public void test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types() throws 
IOException
+    {
+        createTable(KEYSPACE, "CREATE TABLE %s (\n" +
+                              "                a text,\n" +
+                              "                b text,\n" +
+                              "                c text,\n" +
+                              "                d text,\n" +
+                              "                o uuid,\n" +
+                              "                 i1 bigint,\n" +
+                              "                 i2 bigint,\n" +
+                              "                 t text,\n" +
+                              "                 i3 bigint,\n" +
+                              "                 PRIMARY KEY ((a, b, c, d), 
o)\n" +
+                              "            )");
+
+        File csv = new File(Files.createTempFile(new 
File(StandardSystemProperty.JAVA_IO_TMPDIR.value()).toPath(), 
"test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types", ".csv"));
+        try (Writer out = new OutputStreamWriter(new 
BufferedOutputStream(csv.newOutputStream(File.WriteMode.OVERWRITE)), 
StandardCharsets.UTF_8))
+        {
+            out.write(",,,a1,645e7d3c-aef7-4e3c-b834-24b792cf2e55,,,,r1\n");
+        }
+        String table = KEYSPACE + "." + currentTable();
+        String template = "COPY %s FROM '%s' WITH NULL='-' AND 
PREPAREDSTATEMENTS = %s";
+        // This is different from 
cqlsh_tests.test_cqlsh_copy.TestCqlshCopy#test_reading_empty_strings_for_different_types
 as "false" actually is broken!
+        // If you do false, then the parsing actually fails... and the test 
didn't actually check the return code from cqlsh so doesn't detect that it 
failed!
+        // What is worse is the test didn't truncate either, which means that 
the "false" case is reading the "true" case data!
+        // Rather than try to fix the test and cqlsh... this test only keeps 
the "true" logic as it is what is needed to make sure CASSANDRA-18504
+        // didn't break things.
+        ToolRunner.invokeCqlsh(String.format(template, table, 
csv.absolutePath(), true)).assertOnCleanExit();
+        assertRowsNet(executeNet("SELECT * FROM %s"), row("", "", "", "a1", 
UUID.fromString("645e7d3c-aef7-4e3c-b834-24b792cf2e55"), null, null, null, 
"r1"));
+    }
+
+    private static int compositeElementCost(int elementSize)

Review Comment:
   Unused method



##########
test/unit/org/quicktheories/impl/JavaRandom.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.quicktheories.impl;

Review Comment:
   That could be mentioned in the JavaDoc for the class.



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCreateUDTs(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        Set<UserType> udts = CassandraGenerators.extractUDTs(metadata);
+        if (!udts.isEmpty())
+        {
+            Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+            pending.addAll(udts);

Review Comment:
   ```suggestion
               Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>(udts);
   ```



##########
test/unit/org/apache/cassandra/cql3/RandomSchemaTest.java:
##########
@@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+/*
+ * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
+ * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
+ * distributed with this work for additional information
+ * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
+ * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
+ * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
+ * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
+ *
+ *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+ *
+ * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+ * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+ * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+ * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+ * limitations under the License.
+ */
+
+package org.apache.cassandra.cql3;
+
+import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
+import java.util.ArrayDeque;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
+import java.util.Arrays;
+import java.util.Deque;
+import java.util.HashSet;
+import java.util.Iterator;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Set;
+import java.util.stream.Collectors;
+
+import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import org.junit.Test;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
+
+import org.apache.cassandra.config.CassandraRelevantProperties;
+import org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.UserType;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.ColumnMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.schema.TableMetadata;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeGenBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.CassandraGenerators.TableMetadataBuilder;
+import org.apache.cassandra.utils.FailingConsumer;
+import org.quicktheories.core.Gen;
+import org.quicktheories.core.RandomnessSource;
+import org.quicktheories.generators.SourceDSL;
+import org.quicktheories.impl.JavaRandom;
+
+public class RandomSchemaTest extends CQLTester.InMemory
+{
+    private static final Logger logger = 
LoggerFactory.getLogger(RandomSchemaTest.class);
+
+    static
+    {
+        // make sure blob is always the same
+        CassandraRelevantProperties.TEST_BLOB_SHARED_SEED.setInt(42);
+    }
+
+    {
+        requireNetwork();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    public void test()
+    {
+        // in accord branch there is a much cleaner api for this pattern...
+        Gen<AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain> domainGen = 
SourceDSL.integers().between(1, 100).map(i -> i < 2 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NULL : i < 4 ? 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.EMPTY_BYTES : 
AbstractTypeGenerators.ValueDomain.NORMAL);
+        // TODO (seed=1686092282977L) : map() == null, so CQLTEster fails as 
empty != null.... should/could we move this to AbstractType?
+        qt().checkAssert(random -> {
+            TypeGenBuilder withoutUnsafeEquality = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.withoutUnsafeEquality().withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE);
+            TableMetadata metadata = new TableMetadataBuilder()
+                                     .withKeyspaceName(KEYSPACE)
+                                     
.withTableKinds(TableMetadata.Kind.REGULAR)
+                                     
.withDefaultTypeGen(AbstractTypeGenerators.builder()
+                                                                               
.withoutEmpty()
+                                                                               
.withUserTypeKeyspace(KEYSPACE)
+                                                                               
.withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                                               
.withDefaultSetKey(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                                               
.withoutTypeKinds(AbstractTypeGenerators.TypeKind.COUNTER)
+                                                                               
.build())
+                                     .withPartitionColumnsCount(1)
+                                     .withPrimaryColumnTypeGen(new 
TypeGenBuilder(withoutUnsafeEquality)
+                                                               .withMaxDepth(2)
+                                                               .build())
+                                     .withClusteringColumnsBetween(1, 2)
+                                     .withRegularColumnsBetween(1, 5)
+                                     .withStaticColumnsBetween(0, 2)
+                                     .build(random);
+            maybeCreateUDTs(metadata);
+            String createTable = metadata.toCqlString(false, false);
+            // just to make the CREATE TABLE stmt easier to read for CUSTOM 
types
+            createTable = 
createTable.replaceAll("org.apache.cassandra.db.marshal.", "");
+            createTable(KEYSPACE, createTable);
+
+            Gen<ByteBuffer[]> dataGen = CassandraGenerators.data(metadata, 
domainGen);
+            String insertStmt = insertStmt(metadata);
+            int primaryColumnCount = primaryColumnCount(metadata);
+            String selectStmt = selectStmt(metadata);
+
+            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
+            {
+                ByteBuffer[] expected = dataGen.generate(random);
+                try
+                {
+                    ByteBuffer[] rowKey = Arrays.copyOf(expected, 
primaryColumnCount);
+                    execute(insertStmt, expected);
+                    // check memtable
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    // check sstable
+                    flush(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    compact(KEYSPACE, metadata.name);
+                    assertRows(execute(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+                    assertRowsNet(executeNet(selectStmt, rowKey), expected);
+
+                    execute("TRUNCATE " + metadata);
+                }
+                catch (Throwable t)
+                {
+                    Iterator<ColumnMetadata> it = 
metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+                    List<String> literals = new ArrayList<>(expected.length);
+                    for (int idx = 0; idx < expected.length; idx++)
+                    {
+                        assert it.hasNext();
+                        ColumnMetadata meta = it.next();
+                        literals.add(!expected[idx].hasRemaining() ? "empty" : 
meta.type.asCQL3Type().toCQLLiteral(expected[idx]));
+                    }
+                    AssertionError error = new 
AssertionError(String.format("Failure at attempt %d with schema\n%s\nfor values 
%s", i, createTable, literals), t);
+                    throw error;
+                }
+            }
+        });
+    }
+
+    private void maybeCreateUDTs(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        Set<UserType> udts = CassandraGenerators.extractUDTs(metadata);
+        if (!udts.isEmpty())
+        {
+            Deque<UserType> pending = new ArrayDeque<>();
+            pending.addAll(udts);
+            Set<ByteBuffer> created = new HashSet<>();
+            while (!pending.isEmpty())
+            {
+                UserType next = pending.poll();
+                Set<UserType> subTypes = 
AbstractTypeGenerators.extractUDTs(next);
+                subTypes.remove(next); // it includes self
+                if (subTypes.isEmpty() || subTypes.stream().allMatch(t -> 
created.contains(t.name)))
+                {
+                    String cql = next.toCqlString(false, false);
+                    logger.warn("Creating UDT {}", cql);
+                    schemaChange(cql);
+                    created.add(next.name);
+                }
+                else
+                {
+                    logger.warn("Unable to create UDT {}; following sub-types 
still not created: {}", next.getCqlTypeName(), subTypes.stream().filter(t -> 
!created.contains(t.name)).collect(Collectors.toSet()));
+                    pending.add(next);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static int primaryColumnCount(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        return metadata.partitionKeyColumns().size() + 
metadata.clusteringColumns().size();
+    }
+
+    private String selectStmt(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("SELECT * FROM ").append(metadata).append(" WHERE ");
+        for (ColumnMetadata column : 
ImmutableList.<ColumnMetadata>builder().addAll(metadata.partitionKeyColumns()).addAll(metadata.clusteringColumns()).build())
+            sb.append(column.name.toCQLString()).append(" = ? AND ");
+        sb.setLength(sb.length() - " AND ".length());
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private String insertStmt(TableMetadata metadata)
+    {
+        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
+        sb.append("INSERT INTO ").append(metadata.toString()).append(" (");
+        Iterator<ColumnMetadata> cols = metadata.allColumnsInSelectOrder();
+        while (cols.hasNext())
+            sb.append(cols.next().name.toCQLString()).append(", ");
+        sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2); // remove last ", "
+        sb.append(") VALUES (");
+        for (int i = 0; i < metadata.columns().size(); i++)
+        {
+            if (i > 0)
+                sb.append(", ");
+            sb.append('?');
+        }
+        sb.append(")");
+        return sb.toString();
+    }
+
+    private static Builder qt()
+    {
+        return new Builder();
+    }
+
+    public static class Builder
+    {
+        private long seed = System.currentTimeMillis();
+
+        public Builder withFixedSeed(long seed)

Review Comment:
   Unused method



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