Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> Enviado desde mi iPhone
> 
> > El jul. 27, 2023, a la(s) 09:18, Sarunas Burdulis
> >  escribió:
> > 
> > On 7/27/23 07:14, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:  
> >> [...]
> >> Your image shows that you have three persistent partitions:
> >> /dev/nvme2n1p1 - /boot/efi - vfat
> >> /dev/nvme2n1p3 - / - btrfs
> >> /dev/nvme1n1p1 - /home - btrfs
> >> So that all looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
> >> The partitioning is not your problem.
> >> I'm sorry but I don't know what might produce messages about HOME
> >> not being found, or the reasons for that.
> > > [...]  
> > 
> > Home partition not being mounted, for example. A look at /etc/fstab
> > might help.
> > 
> > -- 
> > Sarunas Burdulis
> > Dartmouth Mathematics
> > math.dartmouth.edu/~sarunas
> > 
> > · https://useplaintext.email ·
> >   
> I did check it out and still the same.
> Does the installer create the subvolume or no?

Sorry I have no idea what you mean. Checked what out? And what was it
originally if it is still the same?

And as I wrote: "... looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
The partitioning is not your problem."

What is the content of /etc/fstab?

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> > El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 17:07, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> > escribió:
> > 
> > On Wed, 26 Jul 2023 16:27:54 -0400
> > Erick Delgado  wrote:
> >   
> >> Unfortunately I am unable to provide the output by text since I am
> >> only able to login via tty2. I can take a photo of it and send it.
> >> Will that be okay?  
> > 
> > Please keep the conversation on list.
> > And please don't top post.
> > 
> > I'd assumed you knew pretty much what you were doing, since you're
> > trying a somewhat unusual installation for Debian. You can post a
> > photo somewhere if you need to and post a link to the mailing list.
> >   
> >>> El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 16:04, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> >>> escribió:
> >>> 
> >>> Erick Delgado  wrote:
>  Dear Debian users and developers,
>  I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
>  subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert
>  installation? If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was
>  following this YouTube video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and
>  I have tried to do the partition table first (/ on first disk
>  and the /home on the second disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt +
>  F2 to the Debian installer shell to create some BTRFS subvolumes
>  on the first disk similar as in the video. The subvolumes for
>  the first disk that I created were @ (for /root), @cache, @log,
>  and @tmp.
> >>> 
> >>> Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume
> >>> should be for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root
> >>> (i.e. root's home directory). The latter is just a normal
> >>> directory in the former.   
>  After I finish, I proceed to do
>  a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the
>  complete installation and login through terminal I get a message
>  that HOME is not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since
>  the partition was done). I tried to install the minimal KDE
>  Plasma and tried to login to see what occurs. But can’t login to
>  the desktop because it takes me right back to the login screen.
>  Can someone please help me on this?
>  
>  Thank you for your time and help.
> >>> 
> >>> Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output
> >>> here.   
> >   
> My sincere apologies. I did not notice that the conversation was not
> on the list. Here is a photo link of my df -hT as requested >
> https://drive.google.com/file/d/1xaJ8kyPGMYY32H2cG_pipuwYjXYQQxhn/view?usp=drivesdk
> 
> Thank you for your time and help.

OK, thanks.
Please don't send me a second copy of the mail; I'm subscribed to the
list.

Your image shows that you have three persistent partitions:
/dev/nvme2n1p1 - /boot/efi - vfat
/dev/nvme2n1p3 - / - btrfs
/dev/nvme1n1p1 - /home - btrfs

So that all looks like it's been created exactly as you wished.
The partitioning is not your problem.

I'm sorry but I don't know what might produce messages about HOME not
being found, or the reasons for that. Maybe somebody else can help?
And I never use KDE :(

PS BTW, if your computer has network access then using that to copy
files to another machine that has email might save you having to take
photos and post images.

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

On Wed, 26 Jul 2023 16:27:54 -0400
Erick Delgado  wrote:

>Unfortunately I am unable to provide the output by text since I am
>only able to login via tty2. I can take a photo of it and send it.
>Will that be okay?

Please keep the conversation on list.
And please don't top post.

I'd assumed you knew pretty much what you were doing, since you're
trying a somewhat unusual installation for Debian. You can post a photo
somewhere if you need to and post a link to the mailing list.

>> El jul. 26, 2023, a la(s) 16:04, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk escribió:
>> 
>> Erick Delgado  wrote:  
>>> Dear Debian users and developers,
>>> I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
>>> subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert installation?
>>> If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was following this YouTube
>>> video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and I have tried to do the
>>> partition table first (/ on first disk and the /home on the second
>>> disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt + F2 to the Debian installer
>>> shell to create some BTRFS subvolumes on the first disk similar as
>>> in the video. The subvolumes for the first disk that I created were
>>> @ (for /root), @cache, @log, and @tmp.  
>> 
>> Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume should
>> be for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root (i.e.
>> root's home directory). The latter is just a normal directory in the
>> former. 
>>> After I finish, I proceed to do
>>> a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the complete
>>> installation and login through terminal I get a message that HOME is
>>> not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since the partition was
>>> done). I tried to install the minimal KDE Plasma and tried to login
>>> to see what occurs. But can’t login to the desktop because it takes
>>> me right back to the login screen. Can someone please help me on
>>> this?
>>> 
>>> Thank you for your time and help.  
>> 
>> Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output
>> here. 

Re: How to create /home BTRFS subvolume on a second disk during installation?

[debian-user]

Erick Delgado  wrote:
> Dear Debian users and developers,
> I would like to know if it’s possible to create the /home BTRFS
> subvolume on a second disk (nvme, etc.) during expert installation?
> If so, how? The reason I ask is because I was following this YouTube
> video (https://youtu.be/MoWApyUb5w8) and I have tried to do the
> partition table first (/ on first disk and the /home on the second
> disk, both BTRFS), then Ctrl + Alt + F2 to the Debian installer shell
> to create some BTRFS subvolumes on the first disk similar as in the
> video. The subvolumes for the first disk that I created were @
> (for /root), @cache, @log, and @tmp.

Err I haven't looked at the video but I think the @ subvolume should be
for / (i.e. the root directory) rather than for /root (i.e. root's home
directory). The latter is just a normal directory in the former.

> After I finish, I proceed to do
> a minimal installation of Debian. Once I reboot after the complete
> installation and login through terminal I get a message that HOME is
> not found and sets HOME=/ (which is very odd since the partition was
> done). I tried to install the minimal KDE Plasma and tried to login
> to see what occurs. But can’t login to the desktop because it takes
> me right back to the login screen. Can someone please help me on this?
> 
> Thank you for your time and help.

Maybe after you boot you could run e.g. df -hT and post the output here.

Re: Wireless temperature & humidity measurement

[debian-user]

zithro  wrote:
> On 14 Jul 2023 10:53, Joe wrote:
> > On Fri, 14 Jul 2023 09:27:12 +0200
> > Bruno Kleinert  wrote:
> >   
> >> Hello,
> >>
> >> I'm looking for a wireless way to measure temperature and humidity
> >> indoor with hardware off the shelf and software included in Debian
> >> 12 bookworm.
> >>
> >> Sensors --> Radio --> Receiver --> Any typical PC interface, e.g.,
> >> USB, Ethernet.
> >>
> >> I don't need a visual interface, but plan to process measured
> >> values in shell scripts.
> >>
> >> Do you have any hardware recommendations and can you share
> >> experience?  
> 
> I use DS18B20 chips (1-wire protocol, nice for long distances
> cabling) and some BME280s or MPL3115A2, plugged on Raspberry Pies.
> The DS18B20 can be directly manipulated via sysfs, while the BMEs and 
> the MPL3115A2 need a software library to interpret the sensors output
> (I use Adafruit's one, in python).
> 
> A cron script records the values in a CSV, which I've linked in the 
> apache folder so remote hosts can access the data file (trying to 
> display a graph from 5 sensors values on a full year time period is a
> no go on a Raspi B v3).
> I've also created 2 webpages, one to quickly display the last X
> values (tail -n X), one to display a pretty graph, depending on some
> web form parameters (source host, from day X to Y, last week, etc).
> I'm using jpgraph, a PHP graph lib (free for personal use), to
> display nice curves.
> If you're not a web dev, you could also use OoO Calc or Excel to
> build the graphs from the CSV files.
> 
> As you want wireless, I'd recommend a Raspi zero as it has BT+wifi 
> built-in,

FWIW, a Pi Zero DOESN'T have WIFI & BT. You need a Pi Zero W for that.
I have one as another source to my OEM emonBase and it works well. I 
use an Si7021 sensor although I do have some BME680 as well. It all
depends how comfortable you are playing with hardware and fiddling with
software. The emon boxes I suggested earlier are more plug and play.

> a clock (kind of), an IP stack, a webserver, etc.
> Of course an Arduino is simpler, but requires a bit more work (and
> maybe money) : no built-in storage, no built-in comms, no date/time.
> But ok, you don't need local storage or a clock/time if only sending
> values to another host, the remote host can set the time before
> recording. Although if you operate on batteries, an Arduino would be
> the best choice, as it requires a lot less energy.
> 
> Another choice could be a Raspberry Pi Pico, but that's closest to an 
> Arduino than to a Raspi (ie. no OS). But if I'm not mistaken, the 
> advantage of the Pico is that it has built-in BT+wifi (I've not
> tested it, only read about it).
> 
> In all cases, you could also turn the wireless chip(s) off till not 
> sending data, or even go to (deep) sleep mode between polls (IIRC 
> Arduino/Pico only).
> 
> > and a bit of PHP to make a 7-day graph web page of T and H. Boot
> > script to set up the serial port and initiate logging on reboot.  
> 
> Joe, out of curiosity, what are you using to display the graphs ?
> If you didn't read above, I'm using jpgraph, a PHP lib.
> 

Re: Wireless temperature & humidity measurement

[debian-user]

Nate Bargmann  wrote:
> * On 2023 14 Jul 02:37 -0500, Bruno Kleinert wrote:
> > Hello,
> > 
> > I'm looking for a wireless way to measure temperature and humidity
> > indoor with hardware off the shelf and software included in Debian
> > 12 bookworm.  
> 
> Off the shelf the Davis Vantage Pro 2 is probably one of the most
> popular.

I think the OP said they were looking for temperature and humidity
indoors, so I don't think an outdoor weather station quite fits the
bill as well as being an order of magnitude too expensive! :(

There are quite a few battery-powered T+H sensors with wi-fi, but I'm
not up to date with which ones can be intercepted to provide data
directly rather than uploading to a 'cloud'.

Certainly some emonTH plus an emonBase from
https://shop.openenergymonitor.com/ would do the job, but I expect
there are other alternatives

>  I have one and the Integrated Sensor Suite (ISS) is placed
> about 100 meters from the console.  Davis claims nearly 300m (1000
> feet) of distance between the ISS and console, but obstructions will
> surely limit that.  The big problem with the Davis is that to get the
> interface adapter one must buy their software package.  There are
> some independent sources of interfaces (called loggers) which can be
> found mentioned at the wxforum.net[1].
> 
> > Sensors --> Radio --> Receiver --> Any typical PC interface, e.g.,
> > USB, Ethernet.
> > 
> > I don't need a visual interface, but plan to process measured
> > values in shell scripts.  
> 
> For software I use Weewx but it is not part of the Debian repositories
> but does have a Debian package available.[2]  I have been using this
> package for several years and am running the latest release of 4.10.2.
> My data is uploaded to Weather Underground[3], CWOP [4](Citizens
> Weather Observation Program) and my own Web host[5][6].  I've
> customized the generated pages with additional images.  Weewx also
> supports supplying data to other providers as well.  It is quite
> flexible.
> 
> > Do you have any hardware recommendations and can you share
> > experience?  
> 
> The Davis VP2 is likely among the most turnkey of stations available.
> It does not have serial/Ethernet output included so that must be
> sourced either through buying the Davis software package or from a
> third party. Prior to the Davis I had a Peet Bros wired system but it
> caused and was subject to interference to/from my amateur radio
> operations.  I've had no interference problems with the Davis.
> 
> I recently did a bit of refurbishing of my ISS by replacing the
> tipping spoon with a new design and replacing the anemometer sensing
> cartridge. Those parts were easily sourced through Scaled
> Instruments[7].  They carry complete stations for many brands as well
> as parts.
> 
> The aforementioned wxforum.net is a good place to seek out better
> answers to your questions.
> 
> HTH,
> 
> - Nate
> 
> [1] https://www.wxforum.net/index.php?board=59.0
> [2] http://weewx.com/
> [3]
> https://www.wunderground.com/dashboard/pws/KKSBREME2?cm_ven=localwx_pwsdash
> [4] http://www.findu.com/cgi-bin/wxpage.cgi?call=n0nb [5]
> https://www.n0nb.us/weather/ [6]
> https://www.n0nb.us/weather/seasons/index.html [7]
> https://www.scaledinstruments.com/
> 

Re: Migrating system from u-sd to nvme memory on arm64's?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:

> In the same vein, it's really a bad idea to run video surveillance on
> a SSD as overwriting the complete SSD every couple of weeks will
> trash it in no time. There are probably SSDs that boast to do this,
> but the standard now is using carefully designed spinning drives
> optimised for surveillance.

So all dashcams are junk?

Re: file server

[debian-user]

lina  wrote:
> I need to extract the data for downstream analysis. after that, these
> data can be removed.

Do you need all the data present at the same time to extract it?
Obviously you won't need as much storage if you can analyse/extract it
in sections.

> On Wed, Jul 12, 2023 at 2:24 PM Jerome BENOIT
>  wrote:
> 
> > Hello,
> >
> > On 12/07/2023 13:48, lina wrote:  
> > > Currently I do not have a plan to keep the data, once the data
> > > finished  
> > analyzing, I can just remove it.
> >
> > Do you want a `scratch space` [1] ?
> > What can be also interesting to know is whether you can compress
> > your data.
> >
> > Best wishes,
> > Jerome
> >
> > [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch_space
> >  
> > >
> > > On Wed, Jul 12, 2023 at 12:26 PM Dan Ritter
> > >  > > wrote:  
> > >
> > > lina wrote:  
> > >  > Dear all,
> > >  >
> > >  > My computer only has 2 TB data storage capacity,
> > >  >
> > >  > I want to have 100 TB capacity to store/analyze data.
> > >  >
> > >  > I am thinking of adding 5 hard drives, each is 18TB, and
> > >  > then  
> > merge them  
> > >  > into one volume?
> > >  > or get a file server?
> > >  > What is the best option for me, and what is the budget?  
> > >
> > > Two questions:
> > >
> > > - do you have a backup plan in mind, or will you accept the
> > > loss of all data?
> > >
> > > - how fast does new data come in, and how long do you need to
> > >keep it around?
> > >
> > > -dsr-
> > >  
> >  

Re: configuring zathura's print preview

[debian-user]

Brian  wrote:
> On Sun 09 Jul 2023 at 10:42:52 -0700, Paul Scott wrote:
>  
> > On 7/9/23 4:40 AM, Brian wrote:  
> 
> [...]
>  
> > > The file displayed by zathura is not the file that is sent to the
> > > printing system. The latter can be viewed by using Print to File.
> > > 
> > > The print dialog converts your PDF to a new PDF with Cairo
> > > Graphics. Scaling is also done by Cairo Graphics. CUPS is not
> > > involved.  
> > 
> > That's good to know and seems somewhat illogical!  Would it be
> > reasonable to ask if you know why?  
> 
> Zathura uses the GTK print dialog, as do many other applications. GTK
> has to deal with a variety of file formats that the application can
> dispay.
> 
> Let's take firefox. It can display html files. Sending an html file to
> the printing system is a recipe for disappointment (usually). CUPS is
> unable to process and render it as displayed. GTK produces a PDF of
> the page. CUPS is happy.
> 
> The same comment also applies to PNG files.
> 
> > Pdffonts does indeed tell me that there are illegal characters in
> > the PDF created by Print to File.
> > 
> > Now that I know that the paper size is correct I see that "lp"
> > prints my file perfectly.  
> 
> The fonts are embedded in the original PDF. CUPS prints what it is
> given.
> 
> > If the file were not the correct size I would have liked to use the
> > scaling and page choices in the print dialog.
> > 
> > Does
> > 
> > lp -o "letter"
> > 
> > scale the document?  
> 
> This is an option unknown to CUPS. It will be ignored.

I don't use lp very much but according to
https://www.cups.org/doc/options.html#OPTIONS

 $ lp -o fit-to-page -o media=Letter filename

should do what the OP wants.

Re: why bookworm isn't called deb12?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:
> On 7/7/23 19:28, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> >
> > That may be or not, but is irrelevant. Accurate attribution of
> > quotes is important, IMHO, and not difficult to do. So doubling
> > down on your mistake instead of a simple mea culpa means you move
> > further down in my hierarchy of respect. :(
> >  
> 
> I suspect that my saying Microsoft is not an absolute evil may be
> your issue rather than any (mis?) attribution of quotes.

Did you say something abot Microsoft? I didn't notice.

Re: why bookworm isn't called deb12?

[debian-user]

jeremy ardley  wrote:
> On 7/7/23 16:59, Bret Busby wrote:
> >> On 7/7/23 16:30, Bret Busby wrote:  
> >>> Microsoft didn't invent anything.  
> >
> > I did not post that statement as the original poster of that
> > statement.   
> 
> Your comment about  BSOD strongly suggests you agree with the
> sentiment.

That may be or not, but is irrelevant. Accurate attribution of quotes
is important, IMHO, and not difficult to do. So doubling down on your
mistake instead of a simple mea culpa means you move further down in my
hierarchy of respect. :(

Re: Deactivating and Reactivating the display of a NUC 13

[debian-user]

Stefan Schumacher  wrote:
> I have exchanged the connections - one NUC from HDMI to USB-C and the
> other from USB-C to HDMI.  The problem persists.
Yes, but did it stay with the NUC or move with the cable?

Re: Why does Debian have code names for releases?

[debian-user]

Emanuel Berg  wrote:
> Curt wrote:
> 
> >> No but I live in the UK and I know the A1, A2, A4, A5, A6
> >> and many others, plus the M1, M4, M5, M6.  
> 
> But M5 can be a bolt size and a lot of other things as well,
> while creative names may stay "more" unique.

Nonsense. Curt's reply (which you cut when wrongly attributing my text
to him!) provides an excellent example of a memorable name 'Penny Lane'
- which I for one know only as the name of a song and didn't even know
which town the road was in (Abbey Road I do happen to know). All names
need context and the M5 as a road is not likely to be mixed up with an
M5 bolt or screw.

I think the problem with Debian codenames is a poor choice of order for
choosing them. Three successive ones with the same initial letter
smacks of a deliberate attempt to confuse the 
by the cognoscenti. Some naming plan that stepped through the alphabet
would be far more useful and easier to understand IMHO.

> But on the other hand there are many Emmas and Camillas, and
> people tend to keep track of who is who anyway ...
> 
> Nah, creative, especially cute names are silly, this is an
> engineering and to some extent even scientific discipline
> after all. Bugs Bunny release names makes it silly compared to
> minor.major.patch or whatever other a-personal numbers game
> you'd like to play ...

Re: Deactivating and Reactivating the display of a NUC 13

[debian-user]

Stefan Schumacher  wrote:
> Hello Timothy
> 
> >Do both NUC's have the same behavior or is just one of them having
> >this problem? If just one of >them is having this behavior is it the
> >DP or HDMI?  
> 
> I have just done some tests and it's only the USB-C-to-DP NUC that is
> problematic. The HDMI one goes into suspend and wakes up without any
> problems. Unfortunately my monitor only does 120hz on the Display Port
> Connectors and I am by now very much used to the much smoother motion
> of 120 hz vs 60 hz. I am, according to lsmod, using the i915 driver.
> At the moment I am considering contacting the maintainer of the driver
> - maybe he/she can help with this.

Sorry maybe I have missed the information but ...

Have you tried the USB-DP cable on the other NUC? And/or moved the DP
end to the other connector? Does the problem move with the cable or stay
with the original NUC? Do you have another USB-DP cable and have you
tried that?

> Your sincerely
> Stefan

Re: How do I remotely access the computer in the next room?

[debian-user]

Andy Smith  wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On Mon, Jul 03, 2023 at 12:17:36AM +0100, Alain D D Williams wrote:
> > On Sun, Jul 02, 2023 at 06:49:07PM -0400, hobie of RMN wrote:  
> > > Chiefly I'm looking for the most convenient way to keep an eye
> > > on his incoming e-mail for him.  Mostly I use Mutt; he uses
> > > claws-mail exclusively, so I'll need to remotely launch
> > > claws-mail and have it retrieve latest e-mails.  
> > 
> > Claws-mail stores mail in the MH mailbox format. Mutt can handle MH
> > mailboxes.  
> 
> I'd probably go a step further and rsync those MH folders to my
> machine; that way I could use whatever mail program I liked locally
> without fear of affecting the other machine or the pristine copy of
> its email.

There's no point in just looking at Claw's MH folder. It contains the
mail that has already been received. I imagine the brother wants to
access new mail that arrives. Depending how his system is set up that
may involve starting Claws and pushing the 'Get Mail' button on the
toolbar.

As David asks, why not just access the mail on the provider's website?
Easier than fighting with a broken computer system.

Re: Why does Debian have code names for releases?

[debian-user]

Nicolas George  wrote:
> Roger Price (12023-07-03):
> > Exactly my point that inanimate objects of which there are many
> > examples are best known by numbers.  Numbers so well known that
> > songs are written about the number: historic US 66 [1], and in
> > France the historic N7 [2], a vacation highway.  
> 
> And you know which one is the N6 or the N8? Or the US route 65 or 67?

No but I live in the UK and I know the A1, A2, A4, A5, A6 and many
others, plus the M1, M4, M5, M6.

> The objects that are by their number are the exception, not the rule.

There are roads whose 'numbers' I don't know but I don't know the
'names' of any of them except for rare exceptions such as 'the Great
North Road'. But road numbers are mostly just labels, although there is
a kind of system for allocating them.

Re: FOSS tool to do general stats from text indata

[debian-user]

Emanuel Berg  wrote:
> Nicholas Geovanis wrote:
> 
> > Those books teach and discuss some of the software that's
> > used. I doubt you will find them in debian's repositories.
> > Of course you can do plenty of computational linguistics
> > with perl or python which you already have.
> >
> > What is a "regular expression" which is at the heart of perl
> > and python? An expression which conforms to a certain type
> > of grammar. Perl and python are used directly for analyzing
> > text (any old language). You are learning basic
> > computational linguistics.  
> 
> Okay, but if there isn't a tool readily available I think this
> is a window for a bunch of young programmers that feel the
> need to show their skills. It could be a degree project in
> Computer Science even, unless the Computational Linguistics
> guys have their own degree projects. If so, they can borrow
> FOSS and CLI from us and we'd get the tool as well when they
> are done, that would be a fair trade IMO :)

Well if you were prepared to type a search for computational
linguistics software into google, you would find several free tools
available for linux listed on pages such as

https://martinweisser.org/corpora_site/comp_ling_resources.html
https://www.sil.org/linguistics/linguistics-software

and other pages contining reviews of such software, so perhaps you
could start there rather than writing your own?

Re: OT: Kmail/Akonadi insists on using Gmail account even on non-Gmail email account

[debian-user]

Kent West  wrote:
> I don't *really* understand how Akonadi fits into Kmail/Yahoo, but,
> meh;

I don't use KDE or Kmail so I googled akonadi. The first hit is
https://userbase.kde.org/Akonadi and it starts by saying:

"The Akonadi framework is responsible for providing applications with a
centralized database to store, index and retrieve the user's personal
information."

Then the first item listed on that page is:

 KMail
Mail Client
Uses Akonadi to store emails

which seems to answer the question as far as my curiousity goes at
least :)

Re: Debian freezes when power cable plugged

[debian-user]

Zakaria Farhati  wrote:
> Hello,
> I have installed Debian 12 for a couple of weeks, 2 days ago, I
> noticed that when I plug the power cable, the system/desktop does not
> respond and freezes for 1 min. What should I do to solve this issue?

I don't understand what you mean. What is 'plug' a power cable? Plug in
or plug out? What hardware is this? Is it a desktop or a laptop or
what? What brand and model?

> Regards,
> Zakaria

Re: How to stop systemd or whatever does,to always tries to check and fix disk errors

[debian-user]

Mario Marietto  wrote:
> ---> Second, you are asking for help: that means your time is less
> valuable than the time of people who might help you, and the most
> effort comes from you.
> 
> it's not a matter of effort : not everything is under our control :
> If I don't know something,I COULD learn MORE,but if I don't know that
> thing YET,I might NEVER know it. Knowledge is limited,but also
> imagination can be limited. Your sentence is dangerous,because it
> "paints" someone that can do everything,can learn everything,can
> imagine what he/she does not know yet. You are painting some kind of
> superhero that has everything under his control. Tell me that there
> are limits to what someone can do,learn,imagine,because it's so
> important. The worst personality structure, the sickest,in terms of
> clinical psychology is the narcissistic / omnipotent one.

I call troll.
 
> On Tue, Jun 20, 2023 at 5:48 PM Nicolas George 
> wrote:
> 
> > Mario Marietto (12023-06-20):  
> > > What about if I don't know which kind of information you need ?
> > > I'm the hobbyist,you are the developer. It's better that you ask
> > > what you want to know and I try to reply with my limited
> > > knowledge.  
> >
> > You are doubly mistaken here.
> >
> > First, this is a users mailing lists: the people who might help you
> > are not developers, they are users just like you.
> >
> > Second, you are asking for help: that means your time is less
> > valuable than the time of people who might help you, and the most
> > efforts come from you.
> >
> > If you expect useful help on this mailing-list, start by respecting
> > the people who are here, and that includes observing how their
> > mails are formatted and trying to do the same.
> >
> > --
> >   Nicolas George
> >
> >  
> 

Re: Debian USB Wifi

[debian-user]

Celejar  wrote:
> On Mon, 05 Jun 2023 13:51:21 -0400
> Stefan Monnier  wrote:
> 
> 
> ...
> 
> > The best option is to buy one that says clearly that it works with
> > the vanilla kernel and without requiring proprietary firmware blobs.
> > These are hard to come by and will usually be sold by companies
> > specializing in this market like tehnoetic.com,
> > thinkpenguin.com, ...  
> 
> ...
> 
> > Be aware that there is simply no wifi card (USB or otherwise) that
> > satisfies this requirement beyond the 11n spec: beyond 11n you
> > currently have to accept the use of a proprietary binary blob :-(  
> 
> I believe that there are at least some 11ac cards supported by the
> vanilla kernel and open source firmware:
> 
> https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath10k
> https://wireless.wiki.kernel.org/en/users/Drivers/ath10k/firmware

I know nothing about the topic but I note that the subject says USB and
that the first link says "Any SDIO or USB devices are not supported,
but work is ongoing to add that."

Re: Cable colors and urban legends

[debian-user]

Stefan Monnier  wrote:
> >> Can you point to any evidence?  
> > You've never cut open a magenta cable that quit to see what's
> > inside?  
> 
> Nope.  Never had them fail on me either for that matter.
> 
> > If rust colored dust falls from where copper used to be, you have
> > your evidence.  
> 
> Right.  But I don't have that, so I don't have my evidence.  Do you?
> Can you point to such stories being reported somewhere?
> My web-searches all turn up empty.

I was pretty sceptical about Gene's claim, especially for nowadays, but
I just found
https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/insulated-copper-wire-turned-into-gray-powder.976956/
FWIW. From 2019.

> > That said, there probably aren't a lot of computers that had
> > them left in service. I think the manufacturers got it figured out
> > before SATA rev 2.0 cables saturated the markets.  
> 
> If the problem was known in the 70s, then presumably the manufacturers
> got it figured out before sata rev 1.0 (let alone sata cable), no?
> 
> Stefan

Re: Isn't KDE Live ISO accompanied by an ultra-light Windows Manager, like OpenBox is with LXDE?

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Tue, May 30, 2023 at 02:04:01PM +0200, Nicolas George wrote:
> > to...@tuxteam.de (12023-05-30):  
> > > > > Rajib. In the future, all most GUI desktop(s) will run under
> > > > > Wayland. So i suggest that you have to adapt to change,
> > > > > IMHO.  
> > > I'm still hoping I give up on computers before that happens ;-)  
> > 
> > The most likely is that Freedesktop will introduce something that
> > obsoletes Wayland and something that obsoletes that thing that
> > obsoletes Wayland before the move to Wayland is complete.  
> 
> I think that's called "leapfrogging". Having successfully avoided
> pulseaudio up to now [1], I'm seriously looking into pipewire...

You're braver than I am. Let me/us know how it goes.

> Cheers
> 
> [1] in spite of stubborn applications: firefox, I'm looking at you.

Using apulse solves that for me for now :)

Re: Isn't KDE Live ISO accompanied by an ultra-light Windows Manager, like OpenBox is with LXDE?

[debian-user]

Byung-Hee HWANG (황병희)  wrote:
> > (...)
> > I have begun to dislike Gnome when it switched over to wayland
> > desktop environment. I don't like it. (...)  
> 
> Rajib. In the future, all most GUI desktop(s) will run under Wayland.
> So i suggest that you have to adapt to change, IMHO.

It won't be for a considerable time yet, if at all, so there's no need
to opt for the pain now if he doesn't want.

Re: netmask question

[debian-user]

Dan Purgert  wrote:
> On May 22, 2023, gene heskett wrote:
> > On 5/22/23 15:04, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:  
> > > On Mon, May 22, 2023 at 12:16:09PM -0400, gene heskett wrote:  
> > > > On 5/22/23 03:32, Tim Woodall wrote:  
> > > > > On Mon, 22 May 2023, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > > > > 
> > > > >    number; for (human) display it is subdivided into four 8
> > > > > bit chunks  
> > > > > > (called "octets" for obvious reasons), and those octets
> > > > > > only can go from 0 to 255 (since 2^8 == 255).
> > > > > >   
> > > > > Nit, but 2^8 is 256.
> > > > > 
> > > > > .  
> > > > The octets count from base 0 Tim.  
> > > 
> > > That's right, but then they go 0 .. 2^8 - 1. 2^8 is still 256,
> > > Tim does have a point there :-)
> > >   
> > I don't see it, 255 is all 8 bits set, 256 is all 8 bits cleared
> > and carry set.  
> 
> In "natural counting", 2^8 is 256.  (1, 2, 3, 4, ... , 256).

In any counting, 2^8 is 256. "2^8 is 256" is just a way of saying in
English the same as the assertion "2^8 == 256" in a programming
language. They are exactly the same statement. And they are true.
That's all Tomas was saying.

And yes you need 9 bits in binary to say it.

> However, you're correct in that the 256 possible values for an 8-bit
> number in computing are 0-255. (i.e. 0 to (2^8)-1)

Re: how to create bootable usb stick from iso file

[debian-user]

hlyg  wrote:
> Thank riveravaldez for download link! i've downloaded it.
> 
> but Assets section seems inaccessible

You might want to check your browser version and javascript settings.
Those can easily block certain things.

> many sites are blocked here ...

Re: how to find out regdomain/country of wifi network

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 08:29:11PM +0200, to...@tuxteam.de wrote:
> > On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 01:01:27PM -0500, Nicholas Geovanis wrote:  
> > > Ifconfig has been deprecated in Debian for some years.  
> > 
> > It is *not* deprecated. It is just optional, not essential.  
> 
> I don't know what Debian's official stance is, but if you do web
> searches for "Linux ifconfig deprecated", you find MANY results.
> 
> :
> The ip command is the future of network config commands. ifconfig
> has been officially deprecated for the ip suite, so while many of
> us are still using the old ways, it is time to put those habits to
> rest and move on with the world.
> 
> :
> Many Linux distributions have deprecated the use of ifconfig and
> route in favor of the software suite iproute2, such as ArchLinux[3]
> or RHEL since version 7,[4] which has been available since 1999 for
> Linux 2.2.
> 
> :
> [...] back around 2009 when the debian-devel mailing list
> announced plans on deprecating the net-tools package due to lack
> of maintenance. It is now 2015 and net-tools is still around.
> 
> 
> Those are the most official-sounding references I can find in a few
> minutes.

A couple more useful-looking pages I found that explain some of the
issues and history:

https://phoenixnap.com/kb/ifconfig-command-not-found

https://lwn.net/Articles/710533/

Re: sudoers question

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Sat, May 13, 2023 at 10:35:31AM +0200, Michel Verdier wrote:
> > Le 12 mai 2023 tomas a écrit :
> >   
> > >> > `sudo bash` anyone?  
> > >> 
> > >> also quicker done with
> > >> su -  
> > >
> > > But not the same.  
> > 
> > Which differences do you see ?  
> 
> For su, you have to enter the root password. For sudo, there
> are many options, depending on config. Typically you enter
> yours.
> 
> Plus, you can configure which commands (and args) can be done
> by whom, based on user id, local or remote, etc.
> 
> OTOH the sudo system is way more complex than simple su, so
> there's more place where bugs can hide (it has had actual
> issues, btw).
> 
> Security is engineering: always looking for a good tradeoff.
> Not magic.
> 
> (That's why I cringe when people around here scaremonger about
> "you NEED to have a password" and things. People should know
> what they are getting into, for sure, but at the same time they
> should take their own decisions).
> 
> Cheers

Not to mention that su - uses the --login option, whilst sudo bash
doesn't.

Re: repeat of previous question that has gone unansweredseveraltimes.

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:
> On 5/10/23 14:22, Brian wrote:
> > A link would be ever so useful.  
> 
> send browser to cups.org, click help, in right pane, click "printer 
> sharing", scroll down about a screenfull to Automatic using IPP

So the answer to Brian's question is
https://www.cups.org/doc/sharing.html and scroll down about a screenful
to Automatic Configuration using IPP

I think :)

Re: WiFi Not Working After System Reinstallation

[debian-user]

Marko Randjelovic  wrote:
> Both systems are fully updated Bullseye on a laptop. I have two
> access points, let's call them A and B. When I connect to A, DHCP
> does not work. When I connect to B, DHCP works, laptop gets an IP
> address and internet works without problems. On the other hand, my
> mobile phone can successfully connect to both. Both APs have enabled
> DHCP server and I made sure the IP ranges do not overlap.
> 

what does 

$ journalctl | grep dhcp

show when it should be connecting to A?

Re: disk usage for /usr/lib on bullseye

[debian-user]

Bret Busby  wrote:
> On 2/5/23 20:23, Michel Verdier wrote:
> > Le 2 mai 2023 Bret Busby a écrit :
> >   
> >> I expect that, by context, running
> >> apt purge
> >> without the restriction specifying particular package, will apply
> >> apt purge
> >> to all installed packages, according to what purge does, in
> >> relation to packages.  
> > 
> > But as "apt purge " remove this package and remove
> > configuration for this package, I hope that "apt purge" will not
> > remove "all installed packages". Personnally I will not test it...
> >   
> I believe that this is a case of a problem with having different
> primary languages (me, English, the above poster, French), with
> things getting "lost in translation".
> 
> I did not mean that purge will remove all installed languages; as 
> according to my last previous post in this thread (I think it was my 
> last previous post - I am not sure);
> apt purge
> apparently removes obsolete configuration files (orphaned
> configuration files - that would have been associated with only
> packages that have been removed), and, so, where a particular package
> is specified as an argument to the command, all obsolete
> configuration files associated with the package, will be removed,
> and, where no package is specified as an argument to the command, all
> obsolete configuration files for "all installed packages", will be
> removed.
> 
> No suggestion has been made, insofar as I am aware, other than in the 
> above post, that using
> apt purge
> will remove all installed packages.

I think you're all speculating too far. It says it will purge 'one or
more packages specified via regex(7), glob(7) or exact match'. So if you
specify none, I expect it will purge none.

Oh, and 'purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed
and purged (any configuration files are deleted too)'. It doesn't JUST
remove config files.

Re: repeat of previous question that has gone unansweredseveraltimes.

[debian-user]

gene heskett  wrote:

> I'd think I could start by comparing cupsd.conf's, but miss And I
> can't see the trees for all this forest in the way in both, but
> missing is a client.conf. I think... But that is probably whats
> wrong, me thinking.

Your directory listings showed that both had a ppd directory, but you
didn't show the content of those directories. Since your error message
was specifically that it couldn't find the PPD, the first thing I'd do
is compare those two directories.

Re: Am I infected with a rootkit?

[debian-user]

 wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 18, 2023 at 05:29:43AM +, David wrote:
> > On Tue, 18 Apr 2023 at 04:42, David Wright
> >  wrote: 
> > > There is an option to timestamp entries in the history file. I've
> > > never used it, nor heard of its being used. That might
> > > disambiguate things if you ever suspect it might happen again.  
> > 
> > Hi, on my machines I use Bash as interactive
> > shell, with:
> > HISTTIMEFORMAT=: %Y%m%d_%H%M%S ;
> > 
> > That provides a couple of benefits:
> > 
> > 1) it writes a commented Unix timestamp with
> > each addition to the ~/.bash_history file, so that
> > the history file not only logs what commands were
> > run interactively, but also when.
> > 
> > 2) when I run the 'history' command, the outpt
> > is formatted like this:
> > 501  : 20230418_151124 ; help history
> > 502  : 20230418_151406 ; env
> > 503  : 20230418_151749 ; history
> > The colon and semicolon allow the timestamp
> > to function as a no-operation command.  
> 
> At least in bash, this doesn't seem necessary, as you are
> only seeing an external representation: internally, bash
> keeps the timestamp separate (as happens to the seq number,
> too).
> 
> In the external file, the timestamps are kept as #-comments
> in separate lines (with the UNIX timestamps in them).

bash seems to treat root and a normal user differently.

> > That means that history expansion
> > can still function, for example entering !502
> > interactively will run line number 502, but
> > only the 'env' that comes after the semicolon
> > will have any effect.  
> 
> I tried it out, and this also works with a "naked" timestamp,
> without the : ... ; wrapping.
> 
> Caveat: I only tried with bash.
> 
> Cheers

Re: What do all those "* * *" mean on a traceroute log?

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Wed, Apr 12, 2023 at 05:37:32PM +, Albretch Mueller wrote:
> >  It is not with every site and it is mostly with one hop.  
> 
> > $ traceroute google.com
> > traceroute to google.com (172.217.0.174), 30 hops max, 60 byte
> > packets 1  _gateway (199.83.128.1)  6.687 ms  6.660 ms  6.683 ms
> >  2  199.83.240.2 (199.83.240.2)  6.101 ms  6.622 ms  6.610 ms
> >  3  ad.nypl.org (199.254.254.1)  6.600 ms  6.588 ms  6.577 ms
> >  4  199.254.252.1 (199.254.252.1)  6.566 ms  6.590 ms  6.738 ms
> >  5  * * *
> > . . .
> > 30  * * *  
> 
> First you have to understand how traceroute works.  It's like ping,
> except that instead of just sending out a stream of normal packets,
> one per second, and noting the reply times, it sends out a bunch of
> packets with increasing Time To Live fields.
> 
> Each router along the path to the destination decreases the TTL field,
> and if it's negative (or zero?) at any given point, that hop is
> supposed to return a "Time Exceeded" response.  (Time is a badly
> chosen word here; it's a hop number, not an actual time interval,
> that's being counted.)
> 
> So, in theory, you should get one Time Exceeded response from each
> router along the path.  That's what traceroute shows you.
> 
> However, some routers may choose not to honor this, and do not send a
> Time Exceeded response to you.  Or, in some cases, the response packet
> may simply be lost in transit.  Those are the hops where traceroute
> shows * * *.
> 
> An example from my system:
> 
> unicorn:~$ traceroute www.google.com
> traceroute to www.google.com (142.250.190.4), 30 hops max, 60 byte
> packets 1  routerlogin.net (10.0.0.1)  0.413 ms  0.355 ms  0.415 ms
>  2  65-131-222-254.mnfd.centurylink.net (65.131.222.254)  38.070 ms
> 39.776 ms  36.299 ms 3  75.160.81.21 (75.160.81.21)  41.687 ms
> 45.801 ms  39.873 ms 4  * * *
>  5  ae0.11.bar2.Toronto1.level3.net (4.69.151.242)  56.715 ms
> ae14.14.bar2.Toronto1.level3.net (4.69.216.246)  56.550 ms
> ae0.11.bar2.Toronto1.level3.net (4.69.151.242)  58.637 ms [...]
> 
> No response was received from hop number 4, so traceroute shows me *
> * * there.

I was playing with the addresses listed by Albretch and found that
199.254.252.1 is interesting. whois says it belongs to "Alexandria Sash
& Door (ASD-1)" and
https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_wa/601161047 (via google) tells
me that firm was dissolved in 2005. But the whois entry was updated in
2021. So something's a little odd there. ping says "From 51.148.77.136
icmp_seq=1 Destination Net Unreachable" when I try to ping it.

Re: ICMP router advertisement (ipv4)

[debian-user]

Jeremy Ardley  wrote:
> On 11/4/23 11:40, Tim Woodall wrote:
> >
> >
> > My googling suggests that a superhub or hub 5 can be switched to
> > 'modem only' mode but I've got a hub 6 which doesn't have that
> > option. 
> >>
> >>   Virgin Media: Virgin Media is the largest cable broadband
> >> provider in the UK, operating its own network separate from
> >> Openreach's infrastructure. Virgin Media's network is based on
> >> Hybrid Fibre-Coaxial (HFC) technology, which delivers high-speed
> >> internet using a combination of fiber-optic and coaxial cables.
> >> Virgin Media is not obligated to provide wholesale access to its
> >> network, meaning customers can only access services directly from
> >> Virgin Media. 
> >  
> Looks like you have HFC service. In itself that's good, but Virgin
> don't let anyone else on their HFC network which is bad. Worse is
> that they don't use an industry standard modem such as an Arris unit.
> Instead they use a proprietary NTD and router in the same box.
> 
> Your only option seems to be to sign up with some external IPv6 
> provider. This service (I've never used it so beware) says it gives
> you ipv6 etc for free. What their business model is I'm not sure 
> https://tunnelbroker.net/

Note that Dublin is in Eire and Eire is not part of the UK. The Virgin
company operating in Ireland is different to that operating in the UK.
Pages may help such as 

https://www.havevirginmediaenabledipv6yet.co.uk/
https://community.virginmedia.com/t5/QuickStart-set-up-and/IPv6-support-on-Virgin-media/td-p/35748/page/129
 
> Jeremy
> (Lists)

Re: Getting Admin Rights

[debian-user]

Aren Vardhan  wrote:
> It worked, thanks a lot for your help.
> 
> Can you also help me in installing the Damask software in My debian
> OS. I am not able locate the package through the sudoers.

If you mean https://damask.mpie.de/ then a quick look at
https://damask.mpie.de/installation/index.html leads to
https://damask.mpie.de/installation/package_manager.html#debian and
thence to https://build.opensuse.org/package/show/home:MarDieh/damask
and between them they give details of what's available.

> On Sun, Apr 9, 2023, 16:19 Timothy M Butterworth <
> timothy.m.butterwo...@gmail.com> wrote:  
> 
> >
> >
> > On Sun, Apr 9, 2023 at 6:39 AM Aren Vardhan
> >  wrote:
> >  
> >> Hello, I am Aren Vardhan, a Graduate Student. I am reaching out to
> >> you to help me with the User Access. I recently installed the
> >> Debian 11 Operating System for a project purpose. I want to get
> >> permitted the Admin Rights to my system so that I can install the
> >> Damask software using Sudo commands. Please do the needful and let
> >> me know how to proceed.
> >>
> >> Thanks & Regards,
> >> Aren Vardhan Pilli
> >>  
> >
> > As root run:
> >
> > usermod -a -G sudo 
> >
> > Log off and log back in and you should be able to run sudo.
> >
> > Tim
> > --
> > ⢀⣴⠾⠻⢶⣦⠀
> > ⣾⠁⢠⠒⠀⣿⡁ Debian - The universal operating system
> > ⢿⡄⠘⠷⠚⠋⠀ https://www.debian.org/
> > ⠈⠳⣄⠀⠀
> >  

Re: Is perl still the No.1 language for sysadmin?

[debian-user]

Jeffrey Walton  wrote:
> On Tue, Apr 4, 2023 at 9:46 AM Stefan Monnier
>  wrote:
> >  
> > > Here are three more data points.
> > >
> > >* Emacs - 41 CVEs since 2000 [1]
> > >* Vi - 61 CVEs since 1999 [2]
> > >* Vim - 656 CVEs since 2001 [3]
> > >
> > > I'm not sure how many CVEs overlap for Vim due to Vi.  
> >
> > I don't know what the number of CVEs tells us about a project...  
> 
> I'm a big fan of, past performance is an indicator of future
> expectations. Whatever is happening, it is probably going to continue
> to happen, and more frequently to Vim.

But cropping and ignoring the actual point of Stefan's mail rather
misses the point and insults him. For example, three CVEs chosen at
random from the 'vim' list:

CVE-2010-3481   Multiple SQL injection vulnerabilities in
login.php in ApPHP PHP MicroCMS 1.0.1, when magic_quotes_gpc is
disabled, allow remote attackers to execute arbitrary SQL commands via
the (1) user_name and (2) password variables, possibly related to
include/classes/Login.php. NOTE: some of these details are obtained
from third party information. NOTE: the password vector might not be
vulnerable.

CVE-2010-2704   Buffer overflow in HP OpenView
Network Node Manager (OV NNM) 7.51 and 7.53 allows remote attackers to
execute arbitrary code via a long HTTP request to nnmrptconfig.exe.

CVE-2010-2703   Stack-based buffer overflow in the execvp_nc
function in the ov.dll module in HP OpenView Network Node Manager (OV
NNM) 7.51 and 7.53, when running on Windows, allows remote attackers to
execute arbitrary code via a long HTTP request to webappmon.exe. 

FWIW, the word SQL appears 127 times in the 'vim' CVEs, and the word
'vim' doesn't appear in most so I'm not sure how helpful these numbers
actually are.

> Jeff

Re: Is perl still the No.1 language for sysadmin?

[debian-user]

Jeffrey Walton  wrote:
> On Sun, Apr 2, 2023 at 4:59 AM  wrote:
> >
> > I saw many commands in /bin and /usr/bin are written by perl.
> > is perl still the first choice for sysadmin on linux?  
> 
> I am surprised this thread has not started a mini-flame war.

Me too, but I'm pleasantly surprised :) I'd say it's a mark of a good
community.
 
> About the best you can say is, Perl is one of the more popular
> scripting languages. Trying to pin down the "best" will fail because
> it is opinion based.

+1 (perl is best though :)
 
> Next, you might ask which is the best editor to use on Unix & Linux.
> That should really stir the pot :) Emacs for the win!

Ah no, that one's easy to answer - vi is what's guaranteed to be
installed everywhere, so vi it is. And I probably only use a tenth of
its features.

> Jeff

Re: Is perl still the No.1 language for sysadmin?

[debian-user]

Emanuel Berg  wrote:
> Greg Wooledge wrote:
> 
>  But development is faster with Python [...]  
> >>>
> >>> Is it?  
> >> 
> >> Yes.  
> >
> > Development is fastest using whatever language you know
> > best. This is not an objective argument.  
> 
> Put it this way, a novice Python programmer can do more in
> Python than the novice Lisp programmer can do in Lisp, or, if
> you will, the same in less time.

I'm afraid that Python has one specific feature that puts me off.
Sensitivity to indentation. To those who first had to learn 'make',
it's a sin that cannot be forgiven.

I'll admit that when I first saw perl, I thought it was horrific and I
swore to continue using awk and C and ... anything but perl. But then
one day $job required me to learn perl so I did and have been a convert
ever since.

Re: Is perl still the No.1 language for sysadmin?

[debian-user]

Emanuel Berg  wrote:
 
> One aspect of Python is that so many people use it so there is
> so much information, web pages, books, the works.
> Whatever issue you have, Google will find a solution, pretty
> much every time. I don't have more than "I've done it"
> experience from Perl but if we compare Lisp to Python when it
> comes to readily available web (and other) resources, Python
> wins - and huge.

Duh, Python has nearly as much as Perl maybe :) Introducing Lisp as a
substitute for comparison is a neat idea but is still cheating!

CPAN is still the original and best. https://perldoc.perl.org/ is
pretty good. There are thousands (?) of books and lots of works, many
of them modules on CPAN. Then there's https://www.perlmonks.org/ or
just look at https://perlhacks.com/articles/rtfm/perl-websites/ for
many more.

Re: Which Diff tool could I use for visually comparing two text files where Word Wrap is possible?

[debian-user]

rhkra...@gmail.com wrote:
> On Friday, March 31, 2023 11:37:30 PM Susmita/Rajib wrote:
> > Suppose I wrote a book book1.txt. I then send it to an editor who
> > corrects the initial mistakes, altering some lines while doing so,
> > renaming to another file book2.txt.
> > 
> > When I receive the editor's correction, I don't accept them
> > straightaway, but based on his suggestions I change my book1 and
> > edit and alter it further. Diff helps in comparing the two draft
> > editions.
> > 
> > This one cycle could again be repeated.  
> 
> > I checked wdiff and also dwdiff. But they are very bland
> > and very complicated to handle as dwdiff uses a lot of braces with +
> > and - signs, but doesn't present the two files side by side for
> > intuitive/visual comparison.  
> 
> Thanks for the reply!
> 
> I don't remember the name of the utility that I used to use in the
> Microsoft world, but it was very nice in showing changes within lines
> or paragraphs, using underline and crossout (wrong name).  
> 
> Just to create an example, suppose I changed the previious paragraph
> to say "I never used in Linux:" then that utility would show
> something like what I show below.
> 
> Aside: I'm not sure I can show crossout in an email, so will precede
> and end it with "-".
> 
> The utility also showed a vertical line at the beginning of either a
> line or paragraph that had changed.
> 
> I don't remember the name of the utility that I used to use in the
> Microsoft world, but it was very nice in showing changes within lines
> or paragraphs, using underline and crossout (wrong name).  
> 
> 
> | I don't remember the name of the utility that I *never used in
> Linux:* -used to use in the Microsoft world-, but it was very nice in
> showing changes within lines or paragraphs, using underline and
> crossout (wrong name).  

It sounds like you're describing the way Microsoft Word displays
differences between versions. I believe LibreOffice will do something
very much the same.

> I found that very useful for generally text based documents like
> specifications and contracts.
> 
> It did have trouble "resynchronizing" -- I mean, for example, if a
> section of text was not changed but moved a fair distance (for some
> definition of "fair") it often showed that as a deletion of the text
> from the original location and insertion of the (unchaged) text in a
> new location (which wasn't necessarily all bad).
> 
> IIRC, there was another problem that I characterized as trouble with 
> resynchronizing, but, atm, I can't recall any details.
> 
> When I moved to Linux, I looked for a similar utility, and the
> closest I could find (at the time -- possibly 20 years ago) was wdiff.
> 
> I hope you find wnat you're looking for (or maybe even something
> better ;-)
> 

Re: gradle wants openjdk-11 even if a newer version is installed? ...

[debian-user]

Dan Ritter  wrote:

> Perl is quite stable, and has tooling to acquire modules and turn
> them into Debian packages that works very well most of the time.

Perl is a special case IME. It is used a lot by system features so it
is important that the installed module versions match the rest of the
system. (Although python et al are taking over some of these respons-
ibilities). But as a Perl developer you generally want something closer
to the latest, greatest version. Fortunately perl has an excellent
mechanism for maintaining multiple versions of modules such that those
installed from system repositories for system use and those installed
from CPAN for development or other uses keep themselves separate in a
very nice way. Other languages would do well to emulate it, IMHO.

Re: should CLI have a nice UI today?

[debian-user]

Nicolas George  wrote:
> The issue is not what you CAN express with different media: any
> program can be expressed as a flowchart.

Is that true? Genuine question - I don't know the answer. But are the
two mathematically equal/equivalent? I wonder how, for example,
self-modifying code or tail recursion are modelled in flowcharts?

Re: should CLI have a nice UI today?

[debian-user]

Nicolas George  wrote:
> to...@tuxteam.de (12023-03-29):
> > Perhaps roughly 3k to 4k years of storing, transmitting and
> > retrieving information in written form have a part in it.
> > 
> > It may be a social convention, but by now it runs so deep that I'm
> > convinced you'll find epigenetic traces of it in us humans.  
> 
> Or perhaps those 3-4K years of storing information have selected a
> format that is close to the best possible with the limitations of our
> brains, our eyes and our hands.
> 
> Keyboards are roughly 150 years old: it is possible we find some
> improvement on the way they are designed that makes entering data more
> efficient.
> 
> On the other hand, computers have not changed the fact that data
> enters us mostly as images and sound, so I predict it is unlikely we
> find means significantly more efficient than reading.

Hmm, I suppose Neuralink et al might disagree with you. Only partly in
jest :)

Re: gradle wants openjdk-11 even if a newer version is installed? ...

[debian-user]

Albretch Mueller  wrote:
>  OK this is what the gradle folks told me/us:
> 
>  
> https://discuss.gradle.org/t/gradle-wants-as-java-version-openjdk-11-even-if-a-newer-version-is-installed/45254/6
> 
>  Gradle itself would just use the Java from your JAVA_HOME or as
> fallback from PATH (given you use a version that is compatible with
> your Gradle version, otherwise it will most likely fail to execute
> later on).
> ~
>  so, the installation by apt-get should have detected that I had set
> JAVA_HOME and the included the JDK in my PATH.

As others have pointed out, apt-get doesn't work like that. It seems to
me that the gradle package is wrong in having java as a dependency,
since the need can be resolved at run-time rather than install time,
and by a dynamic link. So bug report the gradle package, not apt-get.

>  In case someone stumbles on the same problems, runs into the same
> thread, here are the quick steps about how to install gradle on Linux
> (without gregorian chanting " ... and if you use Windows, ... and if
> you use MacOS, ..."):
> 
>  1) look for the installation file at: https://gradle.org/install/

[snip of a message where Albretch explains how to install the upstream
version of gradle instead of the packaged version.]

Re: Playing Card Symbols

[debian-user]

Richmond  wrote:
> debian-u...@howorth.org.uk writes:
> 
> 
> >> I tried this in rxvt(-unicode), xterm, and lxterm (which is
> >> apparently part of the xterm package -- never heard of it
> >> before!).  
> >
> > It's lxterminal, not lxterm, and it's part of LXDE so I'm surprised
> > if it's bundled with xterm.
> >  
> 
> lxterm and lxterminal are two different things.
> 
> lxterm, and uxterm, are wrappers for xterm.

Ah, good to know. That explains why Greg couldn't reproduce my result
by using the wrong program :)

Re: Playing Card Symbols

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 27, 2023 at 08:45:18PM +0100, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> wrote:
> > Greg Wooledge  wrote:  
> > > Just to be clear, are you using some kind of Desktop Environment
> > > specific means of entering these Unicode characters?  I don't know
> > > what CTRL-SHIFT-Uunicode means.  If I try it here, it just gets
> > > interpreted as Ctrl-U which kills the line I'm typing in vim.  
> > 
> > No, he's using a standard keyboard mechanism which works well inside
> > gvim here for example, or in a normal terminal (lxterminal to be
> > precise). You hold down CTRL and SHIFT and then press U. You should
> > see an underlined lower case letter U. Now type the four digit
> > code, e.g. 2660. You will see the digits be echoed, also underlined
> > and perhaps with a coloured background. Now press ENTER and the
> > whole lot is magically replaced with a 'black spade suit' glyph.  
> 
> I tried this in rxvt(-unicode), xterm, and lxterm (which is apparently
> part of the xterm package -- never heard of it before!).

It's lxterminal, not lxterm, and it's part of LXDE so I'm surprised if
it's bundled with xterm.

> In all 3 terminals, Ctrl-Shift-U simply acts like Ctrl-U.  If there's
> already text typed at the bash prompt, it's all erased.  If there's no
> text typed at the bash prompt, it beeps.

It seems to be a somewhat complex thing. It might be invoked by ibus,
apparently, but I don't have that installed. I don't know what all the
possibilities are for enabling or disabling the facility. You can see
it described at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_keyboard_shortcuts under the
heading of Insert Unicode for linux. There's no qualification there,
unfortunately.

> Interstingly, though, in rxvt-unicode, if I only press Ctrl-Shift and
> skip the U, a small region of the terminal window (lower left corner,
> which is annoyingly right where the cursor is) is colored yellow and
> says "ISO 14755 mode".  If I keep holding Ctrl-Shift and type 2660
> then the yellow region gets bigger and shows lots of text, including
> a spade character.  When I release the Ctrl and Shift keys, the
> yellow goes away, and I'm left with just a spade character typed into
> the shell.
> 
> This is a feature I was not previously aware of.  It also doesn't work
> in xterm or lxterm.
> 
> You spoke of gvim, which I don't have installed, but which I'm fairly
> sure is a GUI program.  So, I tried a GUI program -- Google Chrome.  I
> opened a new tab and went to google.com which I know has a text entry
> widget.  In the text entry widget, I tried this Ctrl-Shift-U thing,
> and there, it works as you claimed it should.  Space and Enter both
> seem to terminate the Unicode entry.  "x" does not.

It works here in both vim (the terminal-based editor) and gvim (the
identically-functioned separate window-based version). Hitting space
instead of enter causes it to erase everything back to and including
the CTRL-SHIFT-U.

> It also works in Firefox.
> 
> So it looks like this "standard keyboard mechanism" is part of some
> GUI toolkit, either X11, or GTK+, or something along those lines.
> It definitely doesn't work in a regular X terminal, nor would I expect
> it to.

The mechanism is specified by the standard ISO 41755, but it doesn't
specify the introducer sequence. I have no idea how it is enabled or
disabled.

Re: Playing Card Symbols

[debian-user]

Michael Stone  wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 27, 2023 at 02:13:35PM -0400, Jude DaShiell wrote:
> >You know, if all of those symbols were in some font set and had text
> >labels attached to them that could speak when a screen reader was
> >used a whole bunch of playing card applications would suddenly
> >become accessible for screen reader users.  
> 
> Some? Many? text to speech engines already translate unicode emojis
> to descriptions.

Jude, what do you hear when one occurs, such as ♠ ? It sounds like it
might be a shortcoming of whichever app you're using, or perhaps of
whichever font you're using?

Re: Playing Card Symbols

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> On Mon, Mar 27, 2023 at 12:04:53PM -0400, Thomas George wrote:
> > I am amazed that the playing card symbols spade, heart, diamond and
> > club don't appear any of the collections in my Debian Buster
> > programs. I can insert them in the text I type by entering
> > CTRL-SHIFT-Uunicode but if this text in a Thunderbird email to a
> > friend he receives only the unicode.  
> 
> If you paste, or type, one of these Unicode characters into the body
> of your email, and if your Mail User Agent correctly encodes it and
> sets the right MIME headers, then it should work as intended.
> 
> ♣ ♦ ♥ ♠
> 
> I'm using mutt, and it looks like mutt is going to send this message
> encoded as "text/plain, 8bit, utf-8".
> 
> The reading MUA will have to be able to display these characters
> (something about fonts, which are not my strong point).

I think that is exactly the OP's point. It is somewhat likely that the
recipient will be using a font that does not include the playing card
glyphs, and the OP wonders why they aren't more universal in fonts.

> Just to be clear, are you using some kind of Desktop Environment
> specific means of entering these Unicode characters?  I don't know
> what CTRL-SHIFT-Uunicode means.  If I try it here, it just gets
> interpreted as Ctrl-U which kills the line I'm typing in vim.

No, he's using a standard keyboard mechanism which works well inside
gvim here for example, or in a normal terminal (lxterminal to be
precise). You hold down CTRL and SHIFT and then press U. You should see
an underlined lower case letter U. Now type the four digit code, e.g.
2660. You will see the digits be echoed, also underlined and perhaps
with a coloured background. Now press ENTER and the whole lot is
magically replaced with a 'black spade suit' glyph.

> The way I entered these characters was, first, to look up their
> Unicode values on the web (2660, 2663, 2665 and 2666).  Then in a
> terminal running bash, I used printf '\u2660\n' and so on.  I used
> the mouse to copy and paste the characters from that terminal into
> this one, where I'm writing this email (in vim, in mutt, in screen,
> in rxvt-unicode).

♠ it also appears to work directly in my MUA (claws).

> I could also have copy/pasted the characters from the web page where I
> found their Unicode code point numbers.
> 
> > I don't understand why these symbols are not as ubiquitous as all
> > the smiley faces.  
> 
> Well, I guess card games are not as popular among the younger crowd.

I suspect you may be right, which I find disappointing as an
explanation for the phenomenon.

Re: cpan oddity

[debian-user]

f...@dnsbed.com wrote:
> On 2023-03-27 08:21, Jude DaShiell wrote:
> > I ran cpan and did quick configuration and chose sudo to elevate
> > privileges when necessary.  Unfortunately I don't have write access
> > on /usr/local/bin so cpan is crippled.
> 
> try cpanminus?
> $ sudo apt install cpanminus

Yes, I haven't used cpan in many years. Use cpanm instead.

As to the lack of write permission problem. I think we'll need more
information about what you did and what the output was. If your sudo
made you root, then how could you not have write access?

Re: Question for this IP's PTR

[debian-user]

f...@dnsbed.com wrote:
> Greetings,
> 
> as you see this PTR,
> 
> $ dig -x 1.1.1.1 +short
> one.one.one.one.
> 
> so 2.2.2.2 can have the PTR two.two.two.two? and 3.3.3.3 can have 
> three.three.three.three?

A simple counter example is 
$ dig -x 8.8.8.8 +short
dns.google.

> Sorry I am not good at the DNS knowledge.

Me neither but thanks for the question. It prompted me to visit the
one.one.one.one website, which is interesting. I do use 1.1.1.1 for DNS
queries in my browser, but this is something much bigger.

Re: ID problem: "the nouveau driver"

[debian-user]

Felix Miata  wrote:
> debian-u...@howorth.org.uk composed on 2023-03-24 11:02 (UTC):
> 
> > Felix Miata  wrote:  
> 
> >> 
> >>   
> 
> > "You are not logged in or you do not have permission to access this
> > page."  
> 
> > ?? why should I need an account to see this page?  
> 
> You would have to login and ask the webmaster. :( I've submitted your
> question to one of its admins.
> 
> This is its content, last updated 2021-09-14
> [quote]
[snip]
 [/quote]

Thanks, Felix :)

Re: ID problem: "the nouveau driver"

[debian-user]

Felix Miata  wrote:

> 

"You are not logged in or you do not have permission to access this
page."

?? why should I need an account to see this page?

Re: question about net address

[debian-user]

Yassine Chaouche  wrote:
> Le 3/18/23 à 12:28, cor...@free.fr a écrit :
> > Hello
> > 
> > I know 192.168.1.0/24 is a valid C range for network address.
> > 
> > but what does 192.168.1.1/24 mean?
> > 
> > I ask this just for a setting in the SPF:
> > 
> > spf.pinoad.se.    300    IN    TXT    "v=spf1
> > ip4:188.66.63.1/24 -all"
> > 
> > 
> > Thanks.
> >   
> 
> The A.B.C.D/24 notation can be used to either :
>   - specify an IP address along with its netmask
>   - specify a network address when D=0.

Except in an SPF record when its meaning is defined somewhat differently
by RFC 7208 as already noted upthread.

Re: auto restarting in crontab

[debian-user]

"p...@ymail.ne.jp"  wrote:
> debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> > But it sounds like what...@ymail.ne.jp  is doing isn't best practice
> > either, although I don't fully understand what they mean by "I often
> > change default ruby in interactive shell". If they mean 'global'
> > then I suspect they should be using 'local' instead. Or just
> > possibly 'shell'.  
> 
> I installed ruby only in my personal account, not the global.
> Sometimes I was using the older ruby version (1.x), but sometimes I
> am using the latest ruby (3.x). For example, different streaming
> libraries for ruby require different versions.
> 
> For instance, I developed a ruby client for Kafka streaming, and 
> deployed it in crontab, and this script must use ruby 3.x version.
> 
> 0 * * * * ruby kafka-consumer.rb
> 
> But one day I changed the default version in my personal path to ruby 
> 1.x via rbenv, the crontab above should not work. This is a risk, is
> it?

You're using terms I don't recognize from my brief reading of the docs.
But it seems you're doing things that I don't see mentioned there, and
that you have older ruby versions that I don't expect to see. So I
suggest reading the docs and trying to follow them. I believe your
kafka-consumer should be set up with rbenv local so it doesn't matter
what you say in the crontab.

> regards
> Yong

Re: auto restarting in crontab

[debian-user]

Please don't send me an individual copy of emails; I am subscribed.

Dan Ritter  wrote:
> debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote: 
> > Dan Ritter  wrote:  
> > > p...@ymail.ne.jp wrote:   
> > > > For dev stuff, for example, I have many versions of ruby
> > > > installed in the system by rbenv.
> > > > 
> > > > Since I often change default ruby in interactive shell, this may
> > > > break the ruby for sysadmin job in crontab. What’s the solution
> > > > for this?  
> > > 
> > > Everywhere it matters, set an explicit PATH at the beginning.
> > > 
> > > There is no other solution.  
> > 
> > Err, I know nothing about the subject but that doesn't seem to
> > correspond with what it says in the readme at
> > https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv  
> 
> rbenv is a fancy way of setting the PATH. It changes out setting
> the PATH directly for requiring you to set up a .ruby-version
> file for every project. If you commit to it, it might be better
> for you. If you don't, it's harder to debug what's going wrong.

The point is that the OP said they were using rbenv, so that's what
matters to them. That's what they've chosen.

> In general, development environments might want multiple Ruby
> versions but production should only have one. If the production
> version isn't the one that Debian is currently shipping, the
> Debian-shipped version shouldn't be installed at all.
> 
> -dsr-

Re: auto restarting in crontab

[debian-user]

Dan Ritter  wrote:
> p...@ymail.ne.jp wrote: 
> > For dev stuff, for example, I have many versions of ruby installed
> > in the system by rbenv.
> > 
> > Since I often change default ruby in interactive shell, this may
> > break the ruby for sysadmin job in crontab. What’s the solution for
> > this?
> 
> Everywhere it matters, set an explicit PATH at the beginning.
> 
> There is no other solution.

Err, I know nothing about the subject but that doesn't seem to
correspond with what it says in the readme at
https://github.com/rbenv/rbenv

But it sounds like what p...@ymail.ne.jp is doing isn't best practice
either, although I don't fully understand what they mean by "I often
change default ruby in interactive shell". If they mean 'global' then I
suspect they should be using 'local' instead. Or just possibly 'shell'.

> -dsr-

Re: ImageMagick weird colors on composite with black

[debian-user]

Emanuel Berg  wrote:
> I don't understand, there is no ImageMagick ML/group
> registered on Gmane, and just some <10 people on #imagemagick
> on Libera?
> 
> People don't care about this software which is the CLI
> powerhouse for image editing?

I occasionally use ImageMagick but never needed support. However a
quick google found:

https://imagemagick.org/index.php

"Community

"Join the ImageMagick community by participating in the discussion
service. Here, you can find answers to questions asked by other
ImageMagick users or ask your own questions. If you have a technical
question, a suggestion for an improvement, or a fix for a bug, you can
also open an issue to get help from the community."

https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/discussions
https://github.com/ImageMagick/ImageMagick/issues

Re: [HS] Facturation électronique obligatoire. Comment s'y préparer ?

[debian-user-french]

Bonjour,
Ce qui est important c'est de mettre tous les éléments obligatoires 
(voir https://www.economie.gouv.fr/cedef/facture-mentions-obligatoires).

Ensuite n'importe quel logiciel va convenir.
Depuis plus de 15 ans j'adresse des factures "à la main" en traitement 
de texte converties en pdf (des entreprises du CAC 40 font partie des 
destinataires, aucun soucis).

Salutations
Yann

Le 22/02/2023 à 17:26, Olivier a écrit :

Bonjour,

Je viens d'apprendre que l'article "26 de la loi de finances
rectificative pour 2022 prévoit l’obligation de facturation
électronique dans les échanges entre entreprises assujetties à la TVA
et établies en France" (cf [1]).

Avez-vous connaissance d'outils ou prestataires permettant à des
entreprises dont l'informatique repose sur Debian, de se préparer à
cette nouvelle obligation ? Quel retour d'expérience ?

Comment se rétribuent les plateformes de dématérialisation ?

[1] 
https://www.impots.gouv.fr/facturation-electronique-entre-entreprises-et-transmission-de-donnees-de-facturation

Slts

Re: ps and AIX field descriptors

[debian-user]

Greg Wooledge  wrote:
> This sounds like a bug in procps that should be reported, if it
> hasn't already. 

It might be a bug if it disagreed with its documentation. But do the
docs say anything about this feature? What they do say is that you
should be able to use comma-separated field decriptions instead of
space-separated I think. Is that true for the new version?

Re: How to use bridge-utils to enable connection sharing?

[debian-user]

> Am 05.02.2023 um 18:30 schrieb Dan Ritter:
> > (...)
> > RJ45 is a physical connector with 8 pairs of twisted wires. The
> > twisted pairs carry the same signal but with the polarity
> > reversed, + on one is - on the other. Together with the
> > twisting, that makes the signal being carried resistant to
> > interference. Ethernet is a low level protocol often carried by
> > RJ45-connected twisted pair cables.
> > 
> > Bridging extends a network segment. Routing makes decisions
> > about where IP packets should go.
> > 
> > The router that connects to the internet for you is probably
> > doing several jobs:
> > 
> > - it is bridging from a long-haul network like xDSL, DOCSIS
> > (cable modem), or fiber, to your local ethernet  
> That is correct, DOCSIS in my case.
> > 
> > - it is acquiring an IP address from the provider and using it
> > as your public address
> > 
> > - it is probably using network address translation (NAT) to
> > allow multiple internal addresses to masquerade as the single
> > public address
> > 
> > - it is probably providing those internal addresses via DHCP  
> I can confirm all of the above. And i'd have to add, that matters got
> more complicated with dozens of VM's running on the host, and atm 5
> networks serving different purposes, which would really need some
> unwinding to happen for progress to be even possible. I am afraid,
> that i did create all this mess over time due to my understanding
> being so poor...
> > 
> > It would be reasonably cheap to put an ethernet switch between
> > the router and your existing host and new backup host. In the
> > US, an 8 port ethernet switch is $28:
> > https://www.newegg.com/netgear-gs308-300pas-8-x-rj45/p/N82E16833222029?Item=N82E16833222029
> > 
> > and you would need at least two more ethernet cables, which are
> > also cheap.
> > 
> > $7.50 for preterminated 25 foot cable
> > https://www.newegg.com/yellow-belkin-25-ft-accessories-cable-management/p/N82E16812107315?Item=9SIB897JGS5925
> > 
> > I presume that there are similar companies in Germany which will
> > sell you basically the same things.
> > 
> > You unplug the host from the router, plug the router into the
> > switch, and the two hosts into the switch. No configuration
> > changes, most likely. Everything is likely to work.
> > 
> > ---
> > If you insist on plugging your second host directly into your first,
> > you can do that instead:
> > 
> > - configure an ethernet interface on both sides with an RFC1918
> > network address
> > 
> > - plug them into each other
> > 
> > - you can now ping each from the other
> > 
> > - now you configure routing and NAT masquerading on your primary
> > host to hide the secondary host behind it
> > 
> > I don't recommend this. Buy a switch and some cables.

I would second that recommendation. Get it all working and then play
with the network afterwards if you must.

> > -dsr-
> >   
> 
> I believe, this would work, because i had someone lend me a switch for
> some time and it just worked (somehow).
> For some reason, i am still interested to get bridge-utils to work,
> and i am taking your hint, to use static ip configuration as a
> starting point. The difficulty in that case: the backup-server does
> not have any OS at this point, which makes it necessary to switch
> keyboard and monitor several times in the process, and my handicap
> forces me to ask someone for physical help in order to do that.
> Very inconvenient to say the least. :-(

You don't say what you've done, but I presume you're following
https://wiki.debian.org/BridgeNetworkConnections
What steps have you taken?

Regarding your computer without an OS, can you not load a Live system
from CD or DVD or USB stick? None should require Internet access to
start up and be usable.

Re: Correction: Re: Resolved: (was: Re: OT: Auto repeat on key (not a Debian specific question))

[debian-user]

> In my original post, I blamed those pop up texts (warning about an
> external link) on noscript -- they are actually coming from kmail
> itself.  (I use an older version so it may not be a problem in more
> up-to-date versions of kmail.)

I'm glad you wrote that explanation. I just drove myself nearly mad
trying to find the bit I was missing in noscript that would allow it to
do that!

Re: Syslog/Rsyslog/Systemctl issue

[debian-user]

> I've tried they sent me back here :/
> 
> Le 02/02/2023 à 17:06, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk a écrit :
> >> On 01/02/2023 21:48, Freyja wrote:  
> >>> Instead of just creating the folders, I've reinstalled some
> >>> packages:  
> >> I would consider complete reinstall (install from scratch). It may
> >> be faster even for a person having experience with systemd
> >> troubleshooting. Something low level is affected.
> >>
> >> However I find the problem interesting: how to get logs if journald
> >> can not start.  
> > Maybe it's worth asking on the systemd-devel mailing list?

You asked about something slightly different. Given what we know now it
might be worth asking again, specifically about this question of how to
diagnose journald not starting given there are no logs as a consequence.

Re: Syslog/Rsyslog/Systemctl issue

[debian-user]

> On 01/02/2023 21:48, Freyja wrote:
> > Instead of just creating the folders, I've reinstalled some
> > packages:  
> 
> I would consider complete reinstall (install from scratch). It may be 
> faster even for a person having experience with systemd
> troubleshooting. Something low level is affected.
> 
> However I find the problem interesting: how to get logs if journald
> can not start.

Maybe it's worth asking on the systemd-devel mailing list?

Re: ASCII formatting for plain text email

[debian-user]

> On Tue, Jan 31, 2023 at 11:06:44PM +0100, Pierre Willaime wrote:
> >1- a simple way to draw a line (without pressing 72 times on "-")
> >---  
> 
> Are you using emacs? I'm *sure* there must be a quick short-hand to do
> this. I use vi, and the keys to press are 
> 
> 72i-
> 
> I actually write something like this frequently, and it's fast enough
> that I've never bothered to shorten via macro or similar.
> 
> >2- a simple way to align some text to the right (that is to say to
> >automatically calculate how many spaces are needed to fill the gap
> >between the text on the left an the text on the right for 72
> >characters line.  
> 
> With vi, for a whole line, it's simply the command :right, assuming
> you've configured the desired textwidth (':set tw=72'. My
> configuration sets this automatically for mail buffers).
> 
> I'm not sure how to do it for only a portion of a line but I'm sure
> it's reasonably straightforward (and a little less sure that this
> holds true for emacs as well)

Type the right-hand bit, right justify it, then type the left hand bit
using substitute/overwrite mode (R) instead of insert mode (i etc).

Fw: locating blocked port

[debian-user]

Haines Brown sent a reply directly to me instead of the list in
response to the post I made. I advised him to send his reply to the
list instead. He didn't, he just forwarded me another copy of his
reply. So here's his reply so anybody that's interested can read it. I
expect Haines may end up in my bitbucket soon.

Begin forwarded message:

Date: Wed, 1 Feb 2023 06:09:32 -0500
From: Haines Brown 
To: debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
Subject: Re: locating blocked port


On Tue, Jan 31, 2023 at 10:09:28PM +, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
wrote:
> Haines Brown wrote:  
> >   $ jabref  
...
> > 15:43:56.628 [AWT-EventQueue-0] INFO  net.sf.jabref.JabRefMain -
> > Arguments passed on to running JabRef instance. Shutting down.  
> 
> The last line there seems to imply there is already another instance
> of jabref running. Is that the case? What does
> 
> $ ps -fe | grep jabref
> 
> show, for example?  

Yes indeed. It showed two instances of jabref. I killed the processes
and now

  $ ps -fe | grep jabref
  haines3597  3160  0 06:02 pts/100:00:00 grep jabref

So I should be able to start jabref:

  $ jabref
  06:04:08.576 [AWT-EventQueue-0] WARN  
net.sf.jabref.logic.remote.server.RemoteListenerServerLifecycle - 
  Port is blocked
  java.net.BindException: Address already in use
  ...
  06:04:08.591 [AWT-EventQueue-0] INFO  net.sf.jabref.JabRefMain - 
Arguments passed on to running JabRef instance. Shutting down.

It seems that the jabref command i starts jabref twice. Hoewver the 
$ ps -fe command does not show them

-- 

 Haines Brown 
 /"\
 \ /  ASCII Ribbon Campaign
  Xagainst HTML e-mail 
 / \

Re: locating blocked port

[debian-user]

Haines Brown wrote:
>   $ jabref
>   15:43:56.614 [AWT-EventQueue-0] WARN  
> net.sf.jabref.logic.remote.server.RemoteListenerServerLifecycle - 
> Port is blocked
>   java.net.BindException: Address already in use
> at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind0(Native Method) ~[?:?]
> at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:555) ~[?:?]
> at sun.nio.ch.Net.bind(Net.java:544) ~[?:?]
> at sun.nio.ch.NioSocketImpl.bind(NioSocketImpl.java:643)
> ~[?:?] at java.net.ServerSocket.bind(ServerSocket.java:388) ~[?:?]
> at java.net.ServerSocket.(ServerSocket.java:274) ~[?:?]
> at
> net.sf.jabref.logic.remote.server.RemoteListenerServer.
> (RemoteListenerServer.java:26) ~[JabRef-3.8.2.jar:?] ...
> 
>[Many more lines for jav.awt]
> 
>  at
> java.awt.EventDispatchThread.run(EventDispatchThread.java:90) ~[?:?]
> 15:43:56.628 [AWT-EventQueue-0] INFO  net.sf.jabref.JabRefMain -
> Arguments passed on to running JabRef instance. Shutting down.

The last line there seems to imply there is already another instance of
jabref running. Is that the case? What does

$ ps -fe | grep jabref

show, for example?

Re: OpenSolaris Boot Environements equivalent

[debian-user]

> Hello all,
> 
> I was wondering if there was anyone working on an equivalent of
> OpenSolaris BE? Basically,
> It automatically creates ZFS snapshots of the whole system each time
> you do a system upgrade. Next time you boot,
> you'll have the choice of running the new system
> or the old one.
> Pretty handy to roll back in case anything goes wrong during the
> system update.
> 
> If nothing like it is avaiable for linux,
> what would be the necessary steps to achieve something similar?
> (even manually)

openSUSE does this by default using a btrfs file system and its snapper
utility.

Re: Installation of Salome 9.9.0

[debian-user]

> On Sat, Jan 14, 2023 at 12:20:21PM -0800, Gary L. Roach wrote:
> > Hi all,
> > 
> > I have been trying to install Salome 9.90 from the tar.gz file.
> > When I unzip the file the contents look nothing like the
> > installation instructions that I have found on line. Does anyone
> > have experience with the Debian installation of this package. If
> > so, please help  

Gary, it would be helpful if you gave references for all your
statements, rather than have Greg and me and whoever else guessing what
you may have or have not done. Especially more detail about what
problems you've found.

> I assume you mean the thing found at
> .
> 
> Good luck with this.  I can't find installation instructions anywhere
> on this web site.  There's a 30-page PDF of "release notes", but guess
> what's not in it.  That's right -- no installation instructions in it.
> 
> There are, however, 4 pages of prerequisites that this thing
> apparently needs.
> 
> Sounds like a real party.

There is: 

https://docs.salome-platform.org/latest/dev/cmake/html/index.html

Which I suppose is what Gary was referring to?

Seems like a potentially useful project. I'll be interested to see how
it goes.

Re: Network bridge usage.

[debian-user]

> On Mon, Jan 02, 2023 at 11:30:02AM +, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> wrote:
> > > On Sun, Jan 01, 2023 at 11:31:38AM -0800, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> > > It's first quad is 9, binary 0110.  
> > 
> > Eh? 9 is 0101 in binary! 0110 is denary 10.  
> 
> 5  is 0101
> 6  is 0110
> 9  is 1001
> 10 is 1010

Oops. How embarrassing. Apologies for the noise.

Re: Network bridge usage.

[debian-user]

> > On Sun, Jan 01, 2023 at 11:31:38AM -0800, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:  
> > > Greetings for the New Year to Debian users,
> > > 
> > > Verifying and updating instructions here.
> > > https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall#Network_Connection_on_a_Virtual_Machine
> > > Questions (1) and (2) follow.
> > > 
> > > root@joule:/home/root# ip link show br0
> > > 4: br0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue
> > > state DOWN mo de DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
> > > link/ether 92:e0:54:07:2a:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
> > > 
> > > br0 is a virtual interface; not connected to hardware.
> > > (1) How is address 92:e0:54:07:2a:e2 derived?
> > 
> > It's first quad is 9, binary 0110.  
> 
> Eh? 9 is 0101 in binary! 0110 is denary 10. The last bit in a binary
> number determines whether a number is odd or even.
> 
> So I think this means universally administered?

Oops. The U/L bit is actually 1 I think, the last one in 01010010.
So yes, locally administered.

> > The second bit is set: this
> > tells you that it is a locally administered address [1]
> > 
> > Typically it's the VM hypervisor who's in charge of generating
> > one (ideally in a way that it doesn't collide with others). For
> > example, qemu-xxx have a command line parameter `mac' for that.
> > 
> > Cheers
> > 
> > [1]
> > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Universal_vs._local_(U/L_bit)
> >   
> 

Re: Network bridge usage.

[debian-user]

> On Sun, Jan 01, 2023 at 11:31:38AM -0800, pe...@easthope.ca wrote:
> > Greetings for the New Year to Debian users,
> > 
> > Verifying and updating instructions here.
> > https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Oberon/ETH_Oberon/QEMUinstall#Network_Connection_on_a_Virtual_Machine
> > Questions (1) and (2) follow.
> > 
> > root@joule:/home/root# ip link show br0
> > 4: br0:  mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue
> > state DOWN mo de DEFAULT group default qlen 1000
> > link/ether 92:e0:54:07:2a:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
> > 
> > br0 is a virtual interface; not connected to hardware.
> > (1) How is address 92:e0:54:07:2a:e2 derived?  
> 
> It's first quad is 9, binary 0110.

Eh? 9 is 0101 in binary! 0110 is denary 10. The last bit in a binary
number determines whether a number is odd or even.

So I think this means universally administered?

> The second bit is set: this
> tells you that it is a locally administered address [1]
> 
> Typically it's the VM hypervisor who's in charge of generating
> one (ideally in a way that it doesn't collide with others). For
> example, qemu-xxx have a command line parameter `mac' for that.
> 
> Cheers
> 
> [1]
> https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAC_address#Universal_vs._local_(U/L_bit)
> 

Re: Topic: Problems with USB Sticks

[debian-user]

> Hello group. Hello Joe.
> Thank you for your Email.
> 
> Sorry, I did bad asking.
> So I split the question.
> 
> 1
> How can I repair USB stick which is readable but not writable?
> 
> question 2
> What did I do wrong to create this problem?

You didn't tell us what you actually did, and especially which bits you
think might be a mistake, so it's very difficult for us to answer this
question.

For example, you might have hit them with a hammer, or connected them
to the wrong voltages, or washed them in a bath, or who knows what? Or
you might have plugged them in correctly but used some sequence of
commands that has caused a problem. But until you tell us what you did,
we can't know which bit was wrong!
 
> Thank you.
> 
> Regards,
> Sophie

Re: Customize XFCE4

[debian-user]

> On 28/12/2022 00:21, Klaus Jantzen wrote:
> > I, finally, installed Bullseye with XFCE4 as desktop environment.
> > On the desktop, how do I change the color of the text under the
> > icons (which is now white) to black?
> > The information about themes I found is somewhat confusing as there
> > are references to GTK-2.0 and to GTK-3-0.
> > Which GTK is actually used?  
> 
> XFCE4 uses GTK3.

AIUI early versions of Xfce4 used GTK 2 and versions beginning with
4.13 use GTK 3. So yes Xfce4 on bullseye uses GTK 3.

> There are still some applications that use GTK2. You 
> can install new themes and select them under Applications /
> Settings / Appearance / Style. You can also install alternate icon
> sets (selected under Appearance / Icons). Some themes support both
> GTK 3 and GTK 2 and will give you a more consistent appearance. Some
> themes have both dark and light variants, for example Adwaita.

There's some information about installing different themes at
https://wiki.xfce.org/howto/install_new_themes

It's perhaps worth noting that quite a few GTK themes seem to have
obscure bugs that affect the appearance of some applications but not
others, so your experience may be better or worse than other people's
depending on which applications you use. Mainstream choices generally
seem to be safer.

> Kind regards,

Re: Wear levelling on micro-sd cards

[debian-user]

> John Conover (12022-12-26):
> > So, the more unused SD space is better, since wear leveling writes
> > to a "bit" that has been written to fewer times.
> > 
> > To test, say with a 16 GB SD, fill the SD to all except the last 1
> > KB, and with a looping script, write 1KB of 1's to the remainder of
> > the SD, erase the "bits," then 1KB of 0's, erase the "bits", and so
> > on; the SD card will fail within hours to a few days, (with
> > luck-note that MTBF is mean time between failures, meaning that by
> > MTBF, half will have failed, half still running; its a
> > stochastic/probability issue; it does NOT mean that all are
> > expected to last at least 6K writes.)
> > 
> > Doing the same test without filling to the last 1 KB, and the SD
> > card will last a very long time, (about 16 million total writes.)  
> 
> Are you suggesting that the microcontroller of the SD card is capable
> of decoding filesystem data structures to find out which sectors are
> unused?
> 
> I find it rather surprising.
> 
> That implies a SD card could discard data from deleted file, defeating
> recovery tools and steganography.
> 
> If find it highly doubtful.

Perhaps you might want to read what e.g. wikipedia says about
wear-levelling before drawing too many more apparent conclusions about
how it works, what the conseqiences may be, and John's credibility? :)

> Regards,
> 

Re: xscreensaver problem

[debian-user]

> Try 'xscreensaver-demo '.

Err that runs xscreensaver-demo and then immediately exits from the
terminal session that starts it. I'm not sure why you'd want to do that?

> It will ask to restart a non running 
> xscreensaver service.

No it won't!

> Try to purge xscreensaver packages and
> reinstall them again.
> 'sudo apt-get purge xscreensaver* ; sudo apt-get install xscreensaver 
> xscreensaver-data-extra'
> 
> > On Thu, 22 Dec 2022, Pierre Frenkiel wrote:
> >   
> >> I have now a big problem with xscreensaver.
> >> Up to yesterday, it worked perfectly, but I had to re-install
> >> Debian on my PC, and now if fails
> >> when I run "xscreensaver" I get:
> >>    xscreensaver-systemd: 13:59:54: user bus connection failed: No 
> >> medium found
> >> If I run "xscreensaver-demo", I get "Segmentation fault"
> >> I was unable to find what changes from my previous install to the
> >> new one can explain that.
> >> Has anybody an idea?
> >> best regards,
> >>
> >> Pierre Frenkiel
> >>  
> > I found a good work around: instead of calling xscreensaver, I call
> > one on the binaries provided with the program: scooter
> > and that works perfectly
> > I'm just curious to understand why the xscreensaver itself no more
> > works...  
> 

Re: Maximum time for offline updates?

[debian-user]

Yvan Masson wrote:

[snip]
> 
> Indeed, in a perfect setup, system should make a snapshot before
> updates are applied (see 6. in systemd.offline-updates manpage, note
> that I have not heard it is done yet by any distribution by default),
> and revert the changes if the update fails. Anyway, being able to fix
> a system that has been broken by *online* updates is only relevant if
> the user has technical skills to do so.
> 
openSUSE does that by default, assuming you use their recommended
filesystem of btrfs. The snapper program takes a snapshot before any
update and again afterwards.

[snip]

Re: stopping mass surveillance

[debian-user]

[snip]

Sorry but what does all this have to do with Debian, and specifically
with supporting Debian users?

Re: LF (was Re: CR/LF)

[debian-user]

> On Sun, 2022-12-11 at 21:22 +, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> > 
> > You're misunderstanding what Greg's saying, again. He's not saying
> > you were given working solutions three times, he's saying you were
> > told at least three times that echo without -n will always produce
> > a newline.  
> 
> I believe that I have made it very clear, yesterday[1], that using or
> not using -n was not an option for my use-case because it produced
> inconsistent results depending on the cmd output.  To claim that I did
> not, and do not, know that is disingenuous. 

The important bit of my email was actually the bit you've omitted :)

But I'm not claiming anything about what you said or know, I'm trying to
explain what he said. Whether or not it was directly relevant to your
particular situation is immaterial. Please reread my second paragraph,
as well as other messages from other people saying much the same thing
in different words.

Good night :)

Re: LF (was Re: CR/LF)

[debian-user]

> On Sun, 2022-12-11 at 12:48 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > On Sun, Dec 11, 2022 at 11:48:23AM -0500, Jim Popovitch wrote:  
> > > On Sun, 2022-12-11 at 08:54 -0500, Greg Wooledge wrote:  
> > > > On Sun, Dec 11, 2022 at 08:16:35AM +0100, to...@tuxteam.de
> > > > wrote:  
> > > > > That said. Greg, I was also shaken by your roaring tone.  
> > > > 
> > > > Yeah, well, he was told the same thing, repeatedly, by multiple
> > > > people, and somehow he managed to ignore every single instance
> > > > of it.  
> > > 
> > > That is not true at all.  
> > 
> > <https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2022/12/msg00274.html>:
> > 
> >   Try echo -n ${TEST} at the end.  
> 
> 
> My reply, from yesterday, to that is here:
> 
>https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2022/12/msg00277.html
> 
> 
> > 
> > <https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2022/12/msg00275.html>:
> > 
> >   The second echo command (the local one) produces a newline.
> > Since you did not give it any parameters, that's all it produces.  
> 
> 
> In that same email you stated "It does not produce a carriage return,
> unless you're on Windows." and I knew I wasn't on Windows so that
> couldn't be the issue.  At that time I did not know that it was
> impossible for you to incorrectly assume that someone else was doing
> someone different than what you knew them to be doing. :)
> 
> > 
> > <https://lists.debian.org/debian-user/2022/12/msg00279.html>:
> > 
> >   Because the second echo in the first line does not have a -n.
> > 
> >   All the ssh stuff is superfluous.
> >   
> 
> I did read that email yesterday, and as with the earlier one, the -n
> was not a workable solution.   Nit: It is quite telling that Charles
> mentioned the superfluous text, which you quoted above, Greg, yet you
> were also bemoaning around the same time saying "I'm waiting for the
> question to change, and then that one will be relevant".  It's like no
> question is good enough for some folks on debian-user@.  I'll note
> that my question remains unchanged, and a workable answer has been
> provided.
> 
> > 
> > Those are the direct responses to your initial message.  I didn't
> > even have to go beyond the first layer of replies to get THREE
> > instances of people telling you the SAME thing -- that your "extra
> > newline" was being produced by your echo command.  
> 
> As you can see above, I had already read and responded appropriately,
> yesterday.  Read on for details of the solution that does work. 
> 
> > 
> > I'm fairly sure there are more instances in the next layers of
> > replies.  
> 
> Please do share if you are certain they exist.
> 
> > 
> > All of them are telling you the SAME THING.  You just can't hear it. 
> 
> Nice, more snark.  I'll say it the final time, so that you can see
> it, -n will not work (and I know you know this). 

You're misunderstanding what Greg's saying, again. He's not saying you
were given working solutions three times, he's saying you were told at
least three times that echo without -n will always produce a newline.

> The thing that does work is dumping the output to a TXT file and
> reading the TXT file elsewhere (instead of using a variable).  You,
> Greg, introduced that possible use-case in the very same email where
> you berated me for not reading the answers yet.  Very odd how your
> head works. ;)

Also very odd how yours works. Strange how different people's minds
work in somewhat different ways, and usually wise to take account of
that, especially when you're the one asking for help.

> All the best, 
> 
> -Jim P.
> 

Re: e-mail with line in body beginning with "From"

[debian-user]

> On Sat, Dec 10, 2022 at 02:57:42AM -0500, pa...@quillandmouse.com
> wrote:
> > You don't want to do this. Consider an MUA which stores your mail in
> > "mbox" format-- one email right after another in one file. The
> > delimiter is a line which starts at the left margin with the word
> > "From".  
> 
> Technically, it's the 5-character sequence "From " (including the
> space) that matters in mbox formats.  If you begin a line with
> "Fromage", or "From:", or even "From" followed by a tab, it won't
> need to be escaped/armored.

There also has to be a blank line before it (unless it's the first five
letters in a mailbox) so effectively it has to be the start of a
paragraph that starts with 'From'. (and then has a particular address
format after it. :)

Re: Starting Debian

[debian-user]

> I  have heard good things said about Private Internet Access (PIA),
> from several YouTubers.

This seems like a paid advertisement, or am I misunderstanding
something?

> Thanks, 
> Chip
> 
> On November 17, 2022 2:12:20 PM EST, Larry Rodgers
>  wrote:
> >Dear Debian.org  Personnel:
> > I’ve unsuccessfully tried to use Ubuntu on my Linux-based
> > computer for quite some time.  The problems seem to be
> > related to security issues and hacking.  I’ve made progress,
> > but I notice that the only commands that work well are the
> > commands that are entered through the Terminal. I am
> > interested in purchasing Debian if I could find a good
> > eraser, good security through a VPN, and information on
> > using Debian.
> > Respectfully submitted,
> >  Larry Rodgers  

Re: [HS] Domotique

[debian-user-french]

Bonjour

Plusieurs années de retour d'expérience et usage quotidien pour piloter 
l'appartement de ma mère en déficit cognitif :


Pour les caméra IP j'ai misé sur le standard ONVIF
On peut prendre du noname asiatique avec le protocole ONVIF
Une app Android : Onvier

Pour le pilotage j'ai choisi TUYA
Plein de modules disponibles mais un serveur évidemment hébergé à 
l'étranger.

Une app Android : Tuya Smart


Alors évidemment, j'ai eu envie de construire mon environnement avec des 
Raspberry et autres Arduino. Mais le temps de mettre tout ça au point, 
comme TUYA fonctionne bien, j'ai continué avec.



Yann


Le 17/11/2022 à 14:16, NoSpam a écrit :

Bonjour

Le 17/11/2022 à 13:43, David Martin a écrit :

Bonjour Bernard,

Installation de caméra dans un premier temps, une ou deux. Je 
souhaiterais pouvoir les consulter partout, même à l'étranger quand

je suis en déplacement.


Les caméras chinoises sont souvent vendues avec un espace cloud + 
logiciel smartphone. C'est le noir absolu, à oublier à mon avis.


J'utilise domoticz en  rf433 pour les alarmes incendies, capteurs de 
mouvements et portes, température et tout le tsoin tsoin. Pour la vidéo, 
j'utilise AgentDVR en docker et sous smartphone ipCamViewer version PRO




A plus ou moyen long terme j'aimerai faire un maximum de chose avec. 
Allumer des prises via mon téléphone, ouvrir mon portail via

le téléphone...
les volets, le portier vidéo et ouverture de porte, etc. rf433 est 
compatible par ex. avec Somfy


En gros je ne sais pas par ou commencer de façon pragmatique.

David




Le jeu. 17 nov. 2022 à 13:22, Bernard Schoenacker 
 a écrit :




Bonjour David,

Que souhaiterais-tu faire dans le domaine de la
domotique ?

Merci

@+

Bernard

- Mail original -

> De: "David Martin" 
    > À: "debian-user-french@lists.debian.org French"
> 
> Envoyé: Jeudi 17 Novembre 2022 13:07:29
> Objet: [HS] Domotique

> Bonjour à tous,

> Est-ce que l'un de vous, ou plusieurs, sont des afficionados de la
> Domotique ?

> Je cherche à m'y mettre, des conseils, des bonnes pratiques, les
bons
> usages.

> --

> david martin



--
david martin

Re: Explaining snapshots (for backup)

[debian-user]

> On Tue, 15 Nov 2022 09:40:11 -0500
> Dan Ritter  wrote:
> 
> > rhkra...@gmail.com wrote:   
> > > I'm not really clear on the concept of a snapshot (for backup) --
> > > I've done a little googling but haven't found an explanation that
> > > "satisfies" me.
> > > 
> > > Starting from a beginning, I suppose I could copy the entire
> > > contents of whatever I wanted to make a snapshot of (by any of a
> > > variety of tools -- dd, cp, ...) and call that a snapshot,
> > > although the more common name for it would be a "full backup".  
> > 
> > Let's look at the larger circumstances.
> > 
> > In ordinary usage, there are tens to thousands of processes
> > runnning on your system. Some of them are emitting logs or
> > writing files.
> > 
> > Taking a backup takes some time. During that time, some files
> > get written, some get opened, and some are related to each other
> > (by the processes) in ways which are inconsistent until all of
> > them are written.
> > 
> > A snapshot differs from a backup in two important regards:
> > 
> > - first, it requires the filesystem to bring writes to a halt.
> > There is now a consistent view.
> > 
> > - second, it doesn't actually copy things. It just records their
> > state and, when done, allows future writes to continue -- writes
> > which are not part of this snapshot.
> > 
> > As a result, you can take a snapshot and then:
> > 
> > - discard it (trivial)
> > 
> > - look through it and copy off any file or group of files, thus
> > getting what they contained at the time of the snapshot, not the
> > what they contain now (excellent for recovering from an
> > accidental delete)
> > 
> > - copy all of it off elsewhere, producing a consistent full
> > backup.
> >   
> 
> Assuming a snapshot is taken so that you can recover a filesystem to a
> previous state (or the current state). Is that correct?
> 
> I don't understand "recording the state" of files. To me, this means
> the ownership, size, etc., not the contents. That doesn't seem
> valuable for recovering the state of a system.
> 
> Let's assume, as the OP says, you do an original full backup. A
> snapshot ought to record either the contents of all the files which
> have changed, or record the delta of each file which has changed.
> Thus, you'd be able to recover a filesystem to either some prior state
> or its current state, using the snapshot.
> 
> Am I missing something?

I think what you're missing is that 'snapshots' are usually an
attribute of a copy-on-write (COW) filesystem such as btrfs or zfs. So
a snapshot is a list of the blocks that belong to particular files at
some particular moment. Once the snapshot has been taken, the
filesystem can resume writes by copying any blocks that need to be
written subsequently and updating the current map of which blocks
belong to which files, but not touching the snapshot's map. And when
looking for empty space on the disk to use, it ignores any block that
appears in any map.

bullseye : install grub install en echec

[debian-user-french]

Hello, 

J'ai un nouveau pc (occasion, mais garanti) avec efi, pour des
questions de sav je garde la partition windows (que j'ai déjà réduite a
son minimum)

J'installe bullseye depuis une clef usb (en mode graphique), tout ce
passe bien jusqu’à l'installation de grub.

(de mémoire)
grub-install: error: embedding is not possible, but this is required
for RAID and LVM install.


Pour info (de mémoire)
gpt1,1 => vfat boot
gpt1,2 => truc windows ("partition réservé")
gpt1,3 => truc windows (l'os ?)
gpt1,4 => truc windows (recovery ?)
gpt1,5 => ma debian (avec le /boot) : luks, lvm2



Du coup reboot, j'ajoute depuis le bios, des entrées efi 
* debian avec grubx64
* debian avec bootx64
(j'ai vu cela au hasard de mes recherches, c'est ptet pas hyper
cohérent...)

je reboot ma clef usb en Rescue mode : cela me détecte bien ma
partition chiffrée (il me demande bien la passphrase) 

je monte en bind dev dev/pts proc sys run sur le chroot de mon install

Dans mon chroot
je monte /dev/mapper/vol1{home|tmp|var} dans /{home|tmp|var}


j'ajoute dans /etc/default/grub/grub.d/toto.cfg
GRUB_ENABLE_CRYPTODISK=y
GRUB_PRELOAD_MODULES="cryptodisk luks lvm"



grub-install --verbose --removable --efi-directory=/boot/efi
--bootloader-id=BOOT1 --target=x86_64-efi /dev/sda

après quelques centaines de lignes (stroboscopiques)

ça se termine par du truc du genre 
copying /boot/grub/x86_64-efi/load.cfg -> /boot/efi/EFI/BOOTgrub.cfg 

"installation finished. No error reported"





Je reboot (je test mes 2 entrées debian) sans succès, j'arrive direct
sur

grub> 


j'ai tenté insmod cryptodisk , lvm 

et je ne sais plus quoi pour "monter" mon cryptodisk

==> pas de demande de passphrase


#  c'est a ce moment que je sèche ###











Note : dans le chroot : systemctl start ssh , ne fonctionne pas (a
priori ce truc n'aime pas le chroot), avec /etc/init.d/openssh-server
start , lance quelques chose, mais je trouve pas les logs pour voir ce
qui deconne pour me connecter

Re: ssh -X authentication with sudo

[debian-user]

> On 2022-10-05 at 10:48, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:
> 
> >> On Wed, Oct 05, 2022 at 10:30:37AM +0100,
> >> debian-u...@howorth.org.uk wrote:  
> 
> >>> Yes, I am running a GUI as root. It won't run as normal user.  
> >> 
> >> You seem to have missed the implied criticism and/or incredulity. 
> >> Hint: look at the double question mark.  
> > 
> > Sorry, must have missed the memo that made an apparently-typo-ed
> > double question mark into an emoticon.  
> 
> It's not an emoticon. There is a convention, which if I'm not mistaken
> goes back decades and originates well before emoticons (and perhaps
> even *icons* in anything like the modern sense) were ever a thing,
> that "??" indicates not just a question but one asked with an air of
> incredulity.

I still missed the memo. So I didn't miss something I didn't know, and
can't find any evidence for.

> >> Switching to ssh -X root@ with a pubkey would actually *improve*
> >> your security, not that you really need a lot of security on your
> >> home LAN.
> >> on a widescreen, placing them on the side, as wm2 and wmx do,
> >> would save valuable vertical pixels. Of course that still leaves
> >> you running GUI admin programs as root, which is something you'll
> >> have to wean yourself from at your own pace.  
> > 
> > Perhaps you could explain why the debian manpage specifically says
> > it must be run as root then?  
> 
> What is "it" here? That is, what is the specific program to whose man
> page you're referring? (Identifying the exact man page would probably
> be best, for that purpose.)

Perhaps you should read the thread since I already posted its
invocation.

Re: ssh -X authentication with sudo

[debian-user]

> On Wed, Oct 05, 2022 at 10:30:37AM +0100, debian-u...@howorth.org.uk
> wrote:
> > > Regarding the following, written by "debian-u...@howorth.org.uk"
> > > on 2022-10-04 at 13:52 Uhr +0100:  
> > > >PS as you surmised, I don't really want root ssh access.
> > > 
> > > But you are running GUIs as root??  
> > 
> > Yes, I am running a GUI as root. It won't run as normal user.  
> 
> You seem to have missed the implied criticism and/or incredulity.
> Hint: look at the double question mark.

Sorry, must have missed the memo that made an apparently-typo-ed double
question mark into an emoticon.

> Your clinging to the ridiculous superstition that "direct root access
> with a pubkey on a LAN is bad, but sudo is good" while simultaneously
> running admin GUIs as root (which is *demonstrably* a bad idea) is
> unfortunate, but sadly common.

If you want to persuade me to lose such a ridiculous superstition, then
providing a link to some educational source that supports your
assertion would be helpful.

> Switching to ssh -X root@ with a pubkey would actually *improve* your
> security, not that you really need a lot of security on your home LAN.
> 
> Of course that still leaves you running GUI admin programs as root,
> which is something you'll have to wean yourself from at your own pace.

Perhaps you could explain why the debian manpage specifically says it
must be run as root then?

Re: ssh -X authentication with sudo

[debian-user]

> Regarding the following, written by "debian-u...@howorth.org.uk" on
> 2022-10-04 at 13:52 Uhr +0100:
> >PS as you surmised, I don't really want root ssh access.  
> 
> But you are running GUIs as root??

Yes, I am running a GUI as root. It won't run as normal user.

Re: Anacron job output/email

[debian-user]

> Folks:
> 
> I have a Raspberry Pi (Raspberry Pi OS = Debian version 11.5) which
> runs a backup daily via a file called /etc/cron.daily/backup. This
> file generates copious output, which should get emailed to root. The
> backup script ran this morning at 06:25, as predicted. I know this
> because it created a timestamp file at the end of its backup, and
> that file indicates it ran on schedule. However, there is no email
> containing its output. I checked the contents of /var/mail, and
> there's no output. FWIW, when run manually, it generates the
> aforementioned output.
> 
> I haven't tampered with anacron other than to add the script to the
> directory above. Can anyone give me a clue why the output of the
> script would fail to generate an email for me?

Have you installed mail on the pi? It's not there by default. You may
find messages in the journal about discarding the output if so, or
which may indicate another cause if not.

> Paul

Re: ssh -X authentication with sudo

[debian-user]

> On 4/10/22 7:39 pm, Greg Wooledge wrote:
> > Change the sshd_config to allow direct root logins.
> > Then do ssh -X r...@debian.box.
> >
> > If you're the paranoid type, or if the Debian system is exposed to
> > the public Internet, then make sure you only permit root logins
> > when using pubkey authentication, not password.  Then set up an RSA
> > pubkey for your direct root login.
> >  
> 
> To use the display without ssh root login. ssh as normal user to
> host. Then
> 
> echo $DISPLAY
> 
> su -
> 
> export DISPLAY=localhost:10 (or whatever your logged in user DISPLAY
> is set to)
> 
> xauth add $(xauth -f ~/.Xauthority list | tail -1)
> 
> xhost

Thanks, that worked after a little fiddling. Firstly, /root/.Xauthority
didn't exist, so xauth complained. Touching the file sorted that. And
secondly, the .Xauthority file contained three lines and the one I need
was in the middle :( I suppose that was a result of previous fiddling
about I'd done resulting in extra logins. But removing the last entry
in the file (a) didn't immediately crash anything and (b) let xauth
work next time I ran it :) So success, and many thanks! Oh and

sudo su - of course.

PS as you surmised, I don't really want root ssh access.

Re: Monthly FAQ for the Debian-user mailing list

[debian-user]

> On 2022-10-01 at 18:25, Stefan Monnier wrote:
> 
> >> For example: as soon as you've had more than one change in the
> >> entire history of the document, you need to start considering what
> >> the previous version against which you're showing differences is.
> >> If you try to do it against all of them, it very quickly becomes
> >> unwieldy; if you try to do  
> > 
> > For me the better option is to point to a version of the file with
> > all its VCS history so people can see what's been changed when.  
> 
> Yes, but for a tiny and rarely-updated document like this that's even
> *more* clearly overkill.

If the document were maintained using technology such as a wiki (with
restricted edit permissions) then the wiki underpinnings would maintain
the edit history automatically. A link to the wiki page and a statement
as to whether there were any recent changes would then be sufficient, I
think.

Re: update-initramfs outside of /boot

[debian-user]

> Le 01/10/2022 à 18:25, Felix Miata a écrit :
> > Erwan David composed on 2022-10-01 16:21 (UTC+0200):
> >  
> >> My /boot is 235 MB (from deb 10 installer), however in testing I
> >> now have 56MB initramfs files and update-initramfs cannot work for
> >> the 3rd kernel to install (and apt autoremove keeps 2 kernels,
> >> thus at upgrade there are temporarily 3 kernels).
> >> I see that all the files of the initramfs are put in /boot before
> >> creating the compressed image, thus the need for place. Is there a
> >> way to cofigure update-initrams so that the creation of the im age
> >> is done in another filesystem before instalation in /boot ?  
> > Alternative options:
> >
> > 1-Move the oldest kernel files to another filesystem, or
> > everything, from /boot. You don't need them there until time to
> > reboot.
> >
> > 2-You're not forced to keep two kernels. Remove the non-running one
> > manually.
> >
> > 3-As Stefan already suggested, MODULES=dep. It's routine here. Big
> > initrds take more time to load, which can be quite noticeable on
> > old hardware.
> >
> > 4-Is your /boot adjacent to your swap? If yes, easily recreate
> > both, with smaller swap, larger /boot. Don't forget to adjust fstab
> > for UUID change of swap, or apply the one from fstab on the new.  
> 
> 
> My /boot is next to an encrypted lvm containing te rest of the disk.
> I fear resizing /boot would require a reinstall, I'll set modules=dep

If you happen to have extra disk space somewhere else, you could
migrate your LVM to the spare disk, then shrink the 'real' LVM and move
it to leave space adjacent to /boot, which you could then extend.
Finally, migrate the LVM contents back (or copy them piecemeal, I don't
know exactly what is possible). Whether that is simpler than a
reinstallation will depend on your circumstances.

Re: Plugin HP

[debian-user-fr]

Eurêka ! 


- télécharger le plugin avec wget(ici la hplip-3.22.6) : wget 
https://developers.hp.com/sites/default/files/hplip-3.22.6-plugin.run
 
- lancer un script (pas de sudo ni root)  ./hplip-3.22.6-plugin.run

L'installation s'ouvre en GUI.

Et ça marche !!!

@ Xavier : dis-nous si pour toi aussi, c'est ok.

Bonne soirée

Sylvie

On 30/09/2022 18:43, Bureau LxVx  wrote:

Bonsoir et merci de votre aide.

@P Merlin : ça dépend des imprimantes
@Hamster :
> Est-ce que le dépot non-free est activé dans son sources.list ?
oui

@David :
> ça dépend de l'imprimante, pour scanner avec la mienne (MFP m125nw) il 
> faut installer un plugin qui est un bout de firmware binaire fourni 
> par HP mais qui n'est pas dans les paquets debian à ce qu'il semble 
oui, c'est le cas :-(

Quelle version de hplip as-tu ?
perso, j'ai dernier :

@Xavier : je n'ai même pas d'impression : il FAUT le plugin ...

Aussi, je viens de refaire une install complète avec toutes les "non-free"
Je viens de découvrir que le hplip.run doit être lancé non-root .. Une 
alerte dans le terminal ...

Ok. fin d'install : Redémarrage demandé en cours ...
Demande de page test >> Driver plugin installation  :
"file does not match its checksum. File may have been corrupted or altered"
Failed to install Plug-in. Either you have chosen to skip the plug-in 
installation or entered incorrect password ...  Ni l'un ni l'autre :-(


Dans le fichier "plugin" correspondant
https://developers.hp.com/sites/default/files/hplip-3.21.2-plugin.run
Comment vérifier le checksum ou MD5 visible dans le script ?
> CRCsum="515935464"
> MD5="3b6bcfaccc9b698544899b3fd8b0193c"

Une solution ? Merci

Sylvie


Le 30/09/2022 à 17:40, Xavier BAR a écrit :
> Bonjour à tous.
>
> J'ai exactement le même pb.
> Un hp-plugin ou hp-plugin -i me donnent la même erreur.
> La partie impression fonctionne parfaitement. Mais pas la partie 
> numérisation qui nécessite le plugin. Sans lui le scanner n'est pas 
> détecté par le numériseur de documents.

> Si vous trouvez la solution je suis preneur.
> Cordialement.
> Xavier.
>
> 30 sept. 2022 15:43:14 Bureau LxVx :
>
> Bonjour,
>
> Sur le pc d'un am et une debian toute fraîche et mise à jour, je
> ne réussis
> pas à installer / finaliser le HPLIP.
> A la fin de l'installation, impossibilité d'imprimer la page test.
> Il manque le plugin  : ok
>
> Toutefois, l'installation de ce plugin et du lancement du .run
> https://developers.hp.com/sites/default/files/hplip-3.21.2-plugin.run
> se termine par checksum corrompu.
>
> Et cela que ce soit la dernière version hplip téléchargée sur
> https://developers.hp.com/hp-linux-imaging-and-printing : Version:
> 3.22.6
> Clé du plugin correspondant corrompue
>
> ou celle de synaptic :
> 3.21.2+dfsg1-2 (unstable ?)
>
> https://developers.hp.com/sites/default/files/hplip-3.21.2-plugin.run
> Dans le script : HPLIP 3.21.2 Plugin Self Extracting Archive"
>
> J'espère avoir été assez claire ...
>
> Merci de votre aide.
>
> Bien librement,
>
> Sylvie
>

Re: how do i configure lynx browser as default browser for html

[debian-user]

> > That puts quite a new complexion on the thread here called
> > "how disable apt downloads w/o sudo".
> > It might be worth being a bit more revealing about the
> > system that you're running so that you don't waste other
> > people's time, and your own, with red herrings.  
> 
> as normal user i expected apt to show **some 
> kind** of warning without providing 
> root password installation of package 
> will fail.
> 
> > It's conceivable that Debian on Userland on Android might not
> > function quite in the manner to which we are accustomed. Then
> > again, who knows?  
> 
> again as normal user: i expect os to 
> behave same, especially when you configure 
> or make a package as default, in my case 
> all html links whether present in gui 
> or cli OR apt stopping without root 
> password.

That may or may not be a reasonable expectation but regardless, if
debian on userland is behaving differently to 'native' debian then you
need to discuss your concerns with whatever userland support facilities
there are, not here on the debian list.

> regards,
> jindam, vani
> 
> toots: @jindam_v...@c.im
> others: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Jindam_vani

Re: idempotent (was Re: exif --remove not idempotent, and a Debian man page bug)

[debian-user]

> In programming the focus is perhaps better, for something
> idempotent, something like: Do it the first time. Don't screw
> it up the second time? And don't do the computing if it
> doesn't need to be done?

Sorry, but idempotence says nothing at all about computational
efficiency or cost.

And none of this has anything to do with exif and its behaviour, let
alone its manpage. So please stop trolling.

Re: idempotent (was Re: exif --remove not idempotent, and a Debian man page bug)

[debian-user]

> rhkramer wrote:
> 
> > An operation that produces the same results no matter how
> > many times it is performed.  
> 
> Yeah, obviously it is a term from math and in practical and
> applied engineering as is programming I thought of
> a definition (not really) like this
> 
> - apply once, you get the change
> 
> - apply twice, thrice, or n'ice, nothing happens since the
>   change happened the first time and there is nothing to do
> 
> Stefan and Tomás can tell I know...
> 
> Anyway in math everyone understands it, and an example is the
> absolute value,
> 
> abs(x) = ...
> 
> abs(abs(x)) = ...
> 
> abs..(abs(abs(x))) = ...
> 
> Same!
> 
> And that's pretty close to what I just said.
> 
> The difference if any seems to be, in math focus is on the
> return value, so it is easy - is it the same or not?
> 
> Im programming, focus is "can I apply it to make sure the job
> is done, and don't have to think - has it already been done? -
> because if so, no matter how many times, it won't ruin it,
> just nothing will happen over and over and whatever stuff it
> is applied on will be in the after-applied, desired form".
> 
> That's right, right? Or am I wrong?

Sorry, but what's the practical point of all this discussion?

Re: question for seasoned links users?

[debian-user]

> On 2022-09-18, Karen Lewellen  wrote:
> > Hi curt, others.
> >
> > On Sun, 18 Sep 2022, Curt wrote:  
> >> On 2022-09-17, Charles Curley 
> >> wrote:  
> >>> On Sat, 17 Sep 2022 11:19:51 -0400 (EDT)
> >>> Karen Lewellen  wrote:
> >>> Hi, Karen. It is possible that he didn't know what a screen
> >>> reader is, or missed its significance. I didn't know what a
> >>> screen reader is until I looked it up just now.
> >>>  
> >>
> >> It reads the screen, doesn't it, for the visually impaired? Screen
> >> reader.  
> >
> > ahem, no.  
> 
> https://www.afb.org/blindness-and-low-vision/using-technology/assistive-technology-products/screen-readers#:~:text=Screen%20readers%20are%20software%20programs,its%20applications%2C%20and%20the%20user.
> 
> I think yes, not no. Ahem, yes, but more than that, you might've said.

I think you're an obnoxious (choose your own insult here) that doesn't
appear to contribute to the value of any conversations. But that's just
my personal opinion and I expect it may offend policies here, so I'll
stop now.

[snip]

Re: question for seasoned links users?

[debian-user]

> On 2022-09-17, David  wrote:
> >
> > The documentation website for 'links' is at:
> >   http://links.twibright.com/user_en.html
> >
> > and says:
> > "You will find here a complete guide for using the Links web
> > browser"
> >
> > and it contains nothing at all about a '-dump' option.  
> 
> http://links.twibright.com/user_en.html#subsubch-save_as

But if you try it, you'll see that saves the page as HTML, not as a
snapshot of the displayed text.

>  Save as
>  Stores the currently displayed page into a file. A dialog for
> entering the filename will appear after calling this function. The
> page will be saved under this filename. If the file already exists,
> it will be overwritten.
> 
>  Save URL as
>  Works like the previous function, with the difference that you will
> be first asked for the URL of a page to download, and then for a
> filename to store the page into. After both have been entered, the
> page will be downloaded and saved.
> 
> Then, of course, there's the man page:
> 
>  -dump [0|1] (default: 0)
>  Print formatted plain-text versions of given URLs to stdout.
>  -dump-charset (alias for document.dump.codepage)
>  Codepage used when formatting dump output.
>  -dump-color-mode (alias for document.dump.color_mode)
>  Color mode used with -dump.
>  -dump-width (alias for document.dump.width)
>  Width of the dump output.
> 
> https://linux.die.net/man/1/links

And that of course helpfully points out at the top that its describing
the behaviour of elinks rather than link itself.

> Good luck.
> 

Re: drive controller Q?

[debian-user]

> gene heskett wrote: 
> > On 9/14/22 14:55, Dan Ritter wrote:  
> > > gene heskett wrote:  
> > > > Greetings all;
> > > > 
> > > > Does anyone have experience with this controller card?
> > > > 
> > > > https://www.newegg.com/p/14G-04YB-3?Item=9SIB2XHHUE3880
> > > > 
> > > > Specifically, whats my chances of moving an existing software
> > > > raid10's 4 Samsung 1T's to it,
> > > > and then attaching 4 more 2T drives to it too, to create a
> > > > separate 4T raid-10 for amanda?
> > > > 
> > > > Without any data loss if possible?  
> > > I don't have any experience with this one. I don't know what
> > > SATA chipset it is using, but there aren't many that the kernel
> > > doesn't already support.
> > > 
> > > That said, it is a straight SATA3 board, not a RAID board, so
> > > there will be no difficulty in moving mdadm, btrfs or zfs RAIDs
> > > over to it.
> > > 
> > > I would point out that you can't actually fit 16 x 3Gb/s worth
> > > of bandwidth over one PCIe lane; if this is v1 PCIe, you have a
> > > total of 250MB/s available. That's probably fine for four
> > > spinning disks doing backup duty.
> > > 
> > > Here's a 4-port model with named PCIe v2 support and a
> > > recognizable SATA chipset, for slightly less money:
> > > 
> > > https://www.newegg.com/syba-si-pex40064-sata-iii/p/N82E16816124064?Item=N82E16816124064
> > > 
> > > -dsr-
> > > .  
> > I looked at that one too, Dan, but I've filled up the back panel
> > with usb breakouts and it will
> > take a major re-arrangement to clear a pic-e slot. This mobo only
> > has two, and another drive
> > controller like this 4 port is already in the other slot.  Not
> > saying it can't be done, but
> > will be a pita to do. There is also a 6 port onboard controller
> > that I might be able to use
> > for the 2nd raid. With a boot drive, and a buffer drive for amanda,
> > and 4 2T's on it that would
> > fill it up. I've got a usb3 optical drive that burns a dvd now and
> > then so I can do away with the
> > sata drive if push comes to shove. Or the accessory card for
> > the /home raid-10 is a 6 port with
> > 2 empty sockets.
> > 
> > Can I make a 2nd raid 10 from two separate controllers? 2 drives on
> > the mobo controller and 2 on the
> > plugin controller? I'd think that could lead to mix-n-match
> > problems given udevs penchant for
> > shuffling drives.
> > 
> > Too many options..  
> 
> The glory of software RAID over SATA3 is that they don't have to
> be on the same controller at all. All the clever systems put
> identifiers on each of the participating drives and you can
> assemble the RAID without necessarily knowing where all the
> parts are -- they will be found.

One thing to watch out for is the time when you do need to know exactly
where the parts are. Namely when a drive fails. Some upmarket drive
cages have an LED that can be turned on so the software can indicate
'this is the drive I just told you about - please replace this one'.
Without that LED, it is sometimes difficult to be sure you've correctly
identified the piece of hardware that the software says has failed.
Don't ask me how I know :(

> (This is definitely the case for mdadm and ZFS, probably less so
> for btrfs, and possibly not at all true for LVM.)

As long as LVM is over mdadm it doesn't matter. Can't speak for btrfs.

> -dsr-

Re: Advantages/Disadvantages of Open Source Software (Was Re: Package grub-xen-host breaks PV domains with 11.5 point release)

[debian-user]

> On 9/13/2022 3:59 PM, err...@free.fr wrote:
> > Please STOP!
> >
> > you are annoying, and if you want improve free softwares, is not
> > like this. you will better contribute with your code or with your
> > translations than by writing to this mailing-list  

I agree with the sentiments of annoyance and that this thread should
stop now, please.

> The problem is, with all due respect, that I do have my code
> improvements for free software, but some free software people do not
> want to accept my contributions but instead want to allow the free
> software to continue to have the bugs, and they will not explain
> themselves either. Why should I waste my time contributing to
> software projects who do not want my contributions? Treating people
> who want to contribute this way is not the way to gain more advocates
> for free software!

But again you have been asked before to be specific about your
objections, so a link to your proposed code improvements and whatever
conversation there was when you submitted them would go some way to
justifying the space and time you have already wasted on this list.

> > I want you kicked from this list.  
> 
> Well, if you get me kicked off, I will be kicked off. But that is not
> the way to build a community of people trying to make good software.
> That is all I am advocating for, and I am really surprised to be
> treated this way on this list for advocating for improved software in
> Debian. I guess the trolls on here do not really want to increase the
> number of people working on improving Debian. But without more
> people, Debian cannot possibly provide quality support for 59,000
> free software packages. That is just a fact, even it no one here
> wants to acknowledge it.

I haven't seen much evidence of trolls here, apart from yourself.
Again, specifics help if you wish to make such claims, rather than
general assertions.

> Best regards,
> 
> Chuck
>