Overwrite uncorrectable error LBA?
Smartctl is reporting an uncorrectable error for one of my disks: === START OF INFORMATION SECTION === Model Family: Hitachi Deskstar 7K2000 Device Model: Hitachi HDS722020ALA330 Serial Number:JK1130YAHXN28T LU WWN Device Id: 5 000cca 221db1d3f Firmware Version: JKAOA28A User Capacity:2,000,398,934,016 bytes [2.00 TB] Sector Size: 512 bytes logical/physical Device is:In smartctl database [for details use: -P show] ATA Version is: 8 ATA Standard is: ATA-8-ACS revision 4 Local Time is:Tue Jan 3 09:38:46 2012 CET SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability. SMART support is: Enabled ... 197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0022 100 100 000Old_age Always - 1 ... Error 25 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 7362 hours (306 days + 18 hours) When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle. After command completion occurred, registers were: ER ST SC SN CL CH DH -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 40 51 68 d0 cd d0 00 Error: UNC at LBA = 0x00d0cdd0 = 13684176 Commands leading to the command that caused the error were: CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC Powered_Up_Time Command/Feature_Name -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 60 ab 60 90 d3 d0 40 00 33d+04:43:22.635 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 ab 58 e5 d2 d0 40 00 33d+04:43:22.634 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 ab 50 3a d2 d0 40 00 33d+04:43:22.634 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 ab 48 8f d1 d0 40 00 33d+04:43:22.634 READ FPDMA QUEUED 60 ab 40 e4 d0 d0 40 00 33d+04:43:22.634 READ FPDMA QUEUED I'm reading this as LBA 13684176 being the one uncorrectable error. Since this disk is part of a ZRAID1 pool, I'd just overwrite that LBA to have the disk remap it, but I'm not sure how to address it properly: dd seemingly reads that LBA without problems? # dd if=/dev/ada0 iseek=13684176 count=1 of=/dev/null 1+0 records in 1+0 records out 512 bytes transferred in 0.025676 secs (19941 bytes/sec) I would have expected the disk to either take a long time or respond with an I/O error outright. Am I looking at the right LBA? I currently have a zpool scrub running, and I will start a long test after that just to make sure there's no further problems hiding. Any other suggestions? Stefan -- Stefan Bethke s...@lassitu.de Fon +49 151 14070811 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: network with two gateways and one network card
Please don't crosspost. Am 15.12.2011 um 19:43 schrieb Jack Raats: I have a question. Perhaps soeone can point me to a solution. I have a server running FreeBSD 7.4-STABLE with one network card running ezjail My network has two gateways. The host is running as 10.10.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 with gateway 10.10.10.1 The jail must be running 192.168.178.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 with gateway 192.168.178.1 Is this possible? How to do it?? What kind of problems to expect? Look at kernel option ROUTETABLES and setfib(1). If you're adventurous, check out VIMAGE. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke s...@lassitu.de Fon +49 151 14070811 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-questions-unsubscr...@freebsd.org
Re: FreeBSD as a VPN Server/Router
Am 10.08.2006 um 01:09 schrieb Christopher Martin: Also, the load IPSec (or any encryption method for that matter) places on the encapsulating router is non-trivial, so be aware that if your hardware is a bit old you may get disappointing performance. I would suggest making the hardware at least current low end, or high end from a couple of years ago, to get the best performance. My 533 MHz Via C3 based router does 230 kB/s with OpenVPN while being about 75% idle. (My line's not faster, so I don't know where it would peak out.) Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: top: what processes use the CPU?
Am 10.08.2006 um 08:38 schrieb Roberto Nunnari: Hello everybody. Just a short question: Why top doesn't any more show what processes use the CPU? I mean.. 0.0% idle and the sum of the processes CPU doesn't reach 1.0%.. as an example, while make buildkernel top shows: Because the cc processes are too short lived to consistently show up when top is scanning the process table? Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: top: what processes use the CPU?
Am 10.08.2006 um 11:09 schrieb Roberto Nunnari: Stefan Bethke wrote: Am 10.08.2006 um 08:38 schrieb Roberto Nunnari: Hello everybody. Just a short question: Why top doesn't any more show what processes use the CPU? I mean.. 0.0% idle and the sum of the processes CPU doesn't reach 1.0%.. as an example, while make buildkernel top shows: Because the cc processes are too short lived to consistently show up when top is scanning the process table? Ok.. but as idle CPU shows 0.0%, there should be a way of getting the processes that finished already living but caused that 0.0% idle.. What if your users are running lot of short lived processes? How can you find them out? You can't with current FreeBSD tools. Efforts are underway to port DTrace from Solaris, which allows gathering information like this, among many other interesting things. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: local user authentification with ldap
Am 10.08.2006 um 17:28 schrieb Jean Chiappini: Hello all, I had setup a ldap server and now, I want to authenticate the local user of my freebsd 6.1. I had try to found some help with google, but I don't find any solution. Check out ports net/nss_ldap and security/pam_ldap. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Removing boot options and setting boot only to BSD
Am 09.08.2006 um 05:48 schrieb Viswas Nair: I have FBSD 6 and Win XP on my machine. I would like to remove the boot menu options that I get and set BSD to open default. How do I go about doing this ? I intend to use Win XP very rarely and hence would want to manually update the config files needed if I need to go to Win XP. Just install the standard mbr using fdisk(8): # fdisk -B ad0 Make sure that your FreeBSD slice is the only active slice, also using fdisk. If you want to go back to FreeBSD's boot0, use boot0cfg(8): # boot0cfg -B Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pkg_add question
Am 09.08.2006 um 15:43 schrieb V.I.Victor: Generally -- is it OK to do a 'pkg_add' from 'packages-6-stable' to a 5.4 system? No. You might get away with putting a 6-stable package on a 6.1 system, but only if you're lucky. Packages compiled for newer releases will never* work on older releases. You need to build from ports. Stefan * There's trivial software that might work, but there is absolutly no guaranty. -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: pkg_add question
Am 09.08.2006 um 16:02 schrieb V.I.Victor: This is a small machine that is only used as an email front-end. When I built it I didn't install 'ports' -- sorry, I should have mentioned that in the original post. Install portsnap from your 5.4 CD, then use it to download the current version of the ports tree. If you haven't done so already, install sysutils/portupgrade; that makes it easy to upgrade the ports that are installed on your system. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Using putty as a ssh client on FreeBSD
Am 09.08.2006 um 17:13 schrieb Josh Paetzel: I'm trying to use putty on my FBSD 6.1-R box to access another FreeBSD box. I can get in fine using the command line ssh client but when I attempt to use putty I get the following error: Unable to use key file /usr/home/jpaetzel/.ssh/id_rsa (OpenSSH SSH-2 private key) PuTTY does not support OpenSSH key file formats. You will need to convert them to PuTTY format with PuTTYgen. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD as a VPN Server/Router
Am 09.08.2006 um 19:33 schrieb Odhiambo Washington: In this scenario, siteA has several applications running on several windows servers which are behind the FreeBSD box. The challenge is to allow siteB to access these applications securely via the WAN setup. VPN comes straight to mind, but this is a new area to me. OpenVPN certainly fits your requirements. Besides a routed connection between two sides, it also offers a bridged setup, so it is ideally suited for connecting two Windows-centric networks. We use it at work for home VPNs as well as road warriors, configuration is straightforward, and performance is absolutely acceptable. IPSec has been mentioned before; I've had trouble understanding the configuration and how to diagnose problems. We did get it to work in the office, but only with a lot of trial and error. isakmpd and racoon are... idiosyncratic, to be polite. vtun has had major security issues in the past, so I would be wary, but I haven't looked into it for the past two years. pfSense is a FreeBSD-based firewall/routing OS, so you'd need to replace your existing FreeBSD routers with it, or add additional boxes. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Mount Point permissions
Am 07.08.2006 um 23:55 schrieb Bob Richards: The permissions on mount-point /home/bob/floppy are 770 with bob:bob After the mount operation I see: ls -al floppy drwxr-xr-x 3 root wheel 512 Aug 7 11:22 . And of course, bob can only read, but not write. The root directory of the filesystem mounted determines the ownership and access rights on it. By default, newfs will assign is to root and set the rights to 0755. You'll need to chown the directory to the desired user. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: default boot option in dual-boot mode
Am 08.08.2006 um 02:48 schrieb gahn: hi: how could i fix the default boot option in dual-boot mode? i have a machine with both windows xp and freebsd 6.1. it works fine with freebsd boot manager (wiht optios of f1 for xp and f2 for freebsd when it starts). but i would like to fix the default mode for freebsd; ie, if i don't make a choice on either f1 or f2 keys, then system automatically boots up as freebsd machine. boot0 will boot into the same OS as the last time automatically, so you don't need to do anything to boot into FreeBSD, if you had booted into FreeBSD the last time. If you want to *always* boot into FreeBSD, irrespective of the choice you made the last time, you can use the boot0cfg(8) utility to stop boot0 from remembering the last choice and stick to the stored default. Untested: # boot0cfg -o noupdate -s2 Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Can you install packages from STABLE in RELEASE?
Am 04.08.2006 um 01:19 schrieb Henry Lenzi: Hi -- I'm currently running 6.0-SECURITY My portsnap tells me of a bunch of ports that have updates that, when I head directly for an ftp site, I find on a STABLE tree (like kde-3.5.3 - actually 3.5.2 until yesterday) For instance, ftp://ftp2.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/ports/i386/ packages-6.0-release/x11/ lists kde-3.4.2.tbz Can I install these on RELEASE? If not, why does portsnap even suggest them? The ports tree has no branches (like RELENG_5 or RELENG_6). Portsnap get's you the current state of the ports tree into /usr/ports. You can install them from that source on a supported FreeBSD release (like 6.0-pX == RELENG_6_0), using the usual ways to build ports (cd / usr/ports/xxx/yyy; make install or portinstall). When a release is built, the binary packages that go onto the CDs are built from the then-current ports tree. The FTP servers carry what got included in the CDs, so those packages will never change. The stable packages on the FTP servers are regularly built with the current ports tree. Since they are built on a stable release (FreeBSD-6-stable == RELENG_6), they might work on an early release, but that is not guaranteed. If you want to use these packages, you should have a fairly recent stable release. To sum it up: you can install/upgrade the ports, but you cannot install the stable packages on a security release. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: install 6.1-release through serial terminal?
Am 27.07.2006 um 09:17 schrieb Tyler Spivey: Hello. I'm a blind user, and was wondering how to get 6.1-release to install over serial. I've tried everything - hitting option 6, space, boot -h cr, but nothing happens. unplugging the keyboard, nothing happens. hitting space and typing boot -h - nothing. This is using a cdrom disc1. Any help would be appreciated. When the boot menu appears, exit out of it by typing 6. At the loader prompt, enter set console=comconsole The console should switch to COM1; then you should be able to boot using the boot command. You can change the speed of the serial port by setting comconsole_speed to the desired baud rate. The loader man page has more info on these two variables: http://www.freebsd.org/cgi/ man.cgi?query=loaderapropos=0sektion=0manpath=FreeBSD+6.1- RELEASEformat=html After having finished the install, you can use the same method to temporarily switch to the comconsole on first boot. Then, you probably want to a a file /boot.config with a single line -Dh to enable dual console (video+serial). Also useful: if you decide to install FreeBSD's master boot record (boot0) in sector 0 of your disk (that gives you the opportunity to select which of the foour primary partitions to boot from by pressing F1 to F4), there's also a variant that works over the serial console. You can put this on using FreeBSD boot0cfg(8): http://www.freebsd.org/ cgi/man.cgi?query=boot0cfgapropos=0sektion=0manpath=FreeBSD+6.1- RELEASEformat=html HTH, Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: 2 Gateways.
Am 02.08.2006 um 15:18 schrieb Лукьяненко Александр: Hi, all! Problem: PC with FreeBSD, there are 2 gateway GW1 and GW2, GW1 is default. Need: Queries that come from GW2 goes through GW2, not through default. How can I do it? Look at ipfw forward rules, or pf rdr rules. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: trouble with cvsup
Am 03.08.2006 um 19:36 schrieb Jonathan Horne: Server warning: RCS file error in /usr/local/etc/cvsup/prefixes/ FreeBSD.cvs/src/sys/modules/i2c/controllers/nfsmb/Makefile,v:1: head expected Looks like cvsup15.us.freebsd.org has some file corruption. Try using a different CVSUp mirror instead. i use the stable-supfile, but with one changed line, to get me to RELENG: *default release=cvs tag=RELENG_6_1 Not sure I understand what you'd like to achieve: if you want FreeBSD- stable, then the tag should be RELENG_6. If you want to track the security branch, then RELENG_6_1 is correct. Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD's Visual Identity: Outdated?
It was fun while it lasted. Please stop. If you have to, move this to chat. -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-arch To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED] ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: Gateway ALR 9200
Am 26.06.2005 um 20:33 schrieb Brian Duke: I picked up one of these and would like to run FreeBSD this beast. Please familiarize yourself with the FreeBSD mailing list etiquette. See http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/ eresources.html#ERESOURCES-MAIL While people on this list might or might not have ideas about what to try, -questions or -stable is the proper forum. If you have specific experiences with FreeBSD on this hardware, I'm sure people on -smp would love to hear about it. At any rate, people who are able to help you will probably require a more detailed failure description. Stefan The BTX loader fails right after the initial setup screen. I press any option except install prompt and it fails. I have : Gateway ALR 9200 4 processor xeon 500's 1 gig ram 1 adaptec 3200S scsi card running modified raid 5 6 drives. 2 sets of striped 3 and mirrored. I am having a difficult time finding anything that will load in this box. I prefer FreeBSD if possible. I've googled for a couple days and didn't find much help. Can someone help me get past this first hurdle? The OS I am loading is currently FreeBSD 5.3 I went to adaptec and found some information about FreeBSD 4.11 and tried that version as well. I can get Solaris 10 to load but it fails to find the raid as a valid drive. Fedora Core 2 also boots and says it can't find a drive. The Raid boots up fine and builds with no faults. I have an adaptec driver for FeeBSD but I need to install enough OS to pkg_add the file. When I install a little 850 meg IDE drive and set that to master, Still the btx loader dies. Here is what the final screen says: /boot/kernel/acpi.ko text=0x3fbfc data=0x1c04+0x112c syms=[0x4+0x72f0+0x4+0x97c7] / int=000d err= efl=00030002 eip=5755 eax=0001 ebx=0008 ecx=39ff edx=0082 esi=579c edi=e873 edi=03ba esp=037e cs=f000 ds=0040 es=f000 fs=9dc0 gs=f000 ss=9c46 cs:eip=2e 0f 01 14 0f 20 c0 0c-01 0f 22 c0 eb 00 8e db 8e c3 8e e3 8e eb 0f 20-c0 24 fc 0f 22 c0 ea 78 ss:esp=11 64 08 00 01 00 00 00-00 f0 c0 9d 02 02 51 e8 05 00 c2 ee 05 00 00 f0-00 00 1a 7d c4 5e dd e6 BTX Halted I think I copied all that correctly. Has anyone got a quick idea why this fails right off? Brian Duke 303-952-4983 Blue Incorporated. -=-_-==--=_-=┐ ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-arch To unsubscribe, send any mail to freebsd-arch- [EMAIL PROTECTED] -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: smbfs module + securelevel
Am 02.01.2005 um 20:04 schrieb Gregor Mosheh: I am trying to mount a SMB share in the usual fashion: mount -t smbfs //[EMAIL PROTECTED]/share /mnt And in response I get this: smbfs: vfsload(smbfs): Operation not permitted I am running at securelevel 1, so it would make sense if that were why I'm not allowed to load the module. My question is: How do I have this module loaded during the boot process, before the securelevel is set? Is there a rc.conf variable to set? Or is mentioning this smbfs share in the fstab sufficient? To make sure a module is loaded, add a line to /boot/loader.conf: smbfs_load=YES I believe that you also might need to load libiconf.ko, if it isn't pulled in automatically when loading smbfs: libiconf_load=YES HTH, Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
Re: FreeBSD's Visual Identity: Outdated?
It was fun while it lasted. Please stop. If you have to, move this to chat. -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ freebsd-questions@freebsd.org mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
How can I reprobe an USB bus?
I've just set up a Lex barebone (http://www.lex.com.tw/) with a built-in USB wireless adapter. (The board is built into the case and attached to an internal USB connector), with a -current from yesterday: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~# uname -a FreeBSD diesel.lassitu.de 5.1-CURRENT FreeBSD 5.1-CURRENT #0: Fri Oct 24 19:43:36 CEST 2003 [EMAIL PROTECTED]:/usr/src/sys/i386/compile/DIESEL i386 I've downloaded and integrated the driver for the Atmel AT76C503A chip that Stuart Walsh posted a couple of days back on -current, added the appropriate entries to dev/usb/usbdevs, rebuilt with Makefile.usbdevs, and went through a full make buildkernel/installkernel. usbdevs(8) lists it OK: [EMAIL PROTECTED]:~# usbdevs -dv Controller /dev/usb0: addr 1: full speed, self powered, config 1, UHCI root hub(0x), VIA(0x), rev 1.00 uhub0 port 1 powered port 2 powered Controller /dev/usb1: addr 1: full speed, self powered, config 1, UHCI root hub(0x), VIA(0x), rev 1.00 uhub1 port 1 powered port 2 addr 2: full speed, power 500 mA, config 1, AT76C503A 802.11b adapter(0x7605), Atmel(0x03eb), rev 1.00 ugen0 At boot, ugen attaches: uhci1: VIA 83C572 USB controller port 0xc800-0xc81f irq 12 at device 7.3 on pc i0 usb1: VIA 83C572 USB controller on uhci1 usb1: USB revision 1.0 uhub1: VIA UHCI root hub, class 9/0, rev 1.00/1.00, addr 1 uhub1: 2 ports with 2 removable, self powered ugen0: Atmel AT76C503A 802.11b adapter, rev 1.10/1.00, addr 2 The question is: how do I make the USB subsystem reprobe with the kernel module loaded? Or would that happen automatically, and I've just messed up the probe entry in the module? I've tried restarting usbd, but that doesn't seem to change anything. I can't just unplug it, then plug it back in again (at least not permanently, with the board installed inside the case...) Thanks in advance, Stefan -- Stefan Bethke [EMAIL PROTECTED] Fon +49 170 346 0140 ___ [EMAIL PROTECTED] mailing list http://lists.freebsd.org/mailman/listinfo/freebsd-questions To unsubscribe, send any mail to [EMAIL PROTECTED]
