Re: [Gimp-developer] Introduction Questions about GSoC2009 Idea: Plugin for image segmentation

2010-03-02 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Thiago,

 I agree that we should first merge the GSOC code from this year before
 we start thinking of a new segmenter. Let me know if you need any
 help. However, I think both a graph-cut-based segmenter and SIOX could
 have a place in GIMP side-by-side. Graphcut-based segmenters and SIOX
 have different complementary properties. It is going to be a GUI
 challenge though because it requires expert knowledge to know when to
  use which.

 I do believe that using both algorithms could be a nice solution. In fact,
 it was my original proposal and I am willing to try to merge both methods.

Except the main issue is that it would require expert knowledge to know
which one to use. I think the challenge is to provide the user with a nice way
of switching between the two. This will become even more complicated once the
detail refinement brush is implemented in the main branch to deal with
border inaccuracies.

 Thiago: I can give you a couple of pictures that you should try with
 your segmenter and then compare against SIOX... especially those with
 a lot of texture and semi-transparent layers. The new version of SIOX
 can cope with them very well. Graph-based segmentation algorithms
 can't because they look for a minimum cut, which is a problem because
 especially those highly complicated pictures require a lot of time to
  do manually.

 I would be very glad if you could provide me some of these examples, because
 it would really help me with my research. Also, I would like to state that
 our approach is *not* based on the min-cut/max-flow algorithm, so it does
 not suffer with many of its drawbacks. Right now my current job is to deal
 with soft segmentation in an attempt to cope with the transparency issue,
 and we already have some good solutions.

First: Try any image that works well and add 80% noise. SIOX is pretty
good with noise.
Last time I tried Grabcut with such an image, I got a segmentation fault...

Then: Try images like this one:
http://www.bigfoto.com/themes/nature/winter/tree-winter-village.jpg
and try to extract the tree. The current GIMP version in the main branch
cannot do it, the version from last Google Summer of Code can do it.
Graph-based algorithms usually have problems but I think this is an
important feature
because it saves HOURS of work to be able to do it semi-automatically!

Gerald

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Re: [Gimp-developer] Introduction Questions about GSoC2009 Idea: Plugin for image segmentation

2010-03-01 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi all,

I agree that we should first merge the GSOC code from this year before
we start thinking of a new segmenter. Let me know if you need any
help. However, I think both a graph-cut-based segmenter and SIOX could
have a place in GIMP side-by-side. Graphcut-based segmenters and SIOX
have different complementary properties. It is going to be a GUI
challenge though because it requires expert knowledge to know when to
use which.

Thiago: I can give you a couple of pictures that you should try with
your segmenter and then compare against SIOX... especially those with
a lot of texture and semi-transparent layers. The new version of SIOX
can cope with them very well. Graph-based segmentation algorithms
can't because they look for a minimum cut, which is a problem because
especially those highly complicated pictures require a lot of time to
do manually.

Gerald
--
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1947 Center Street, Suite 600
CA-94704 Berkeley, USA
http://www.gerald-friedland.org
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On Sun, Feb 28, 2010 at 5:54 PM, Thiago Spina thiago.sp...@gmail.com wrote:
 Hey guys, sorry about the delay. It's been a bit of a busy week.

 On 21 February 2010 14:05, Sven Neumann s...@gimp.org wrote:

 Did you compare against SIOX as in the master branch or against the
 improved version that resulted from last year's GSoC ? It would also be
 interesting if you could benchmark your algorithm using the benchmark
 proposed in GrabCut: interactive foreground extraction using iterated
 graph cuts published in the Proceedings of the 2004 SIGGRAPH
 Conference. There's a Python script shipped with the GIMP source code
  that does this with the SIOX tool.

 I compared against both branches and the results were about the same.
 Regarding the benchmark, on the papers that I mentioned in my first email
 [1,2] we used the whole GrabCut segmentation dataset considering the
 F-measure over the groundtruths (because our approach does not use trimaps).
 The accuracy result was of over 98% on every paper. In fact, on another work
 [3] seven users segmented a subset with 20 images from the GrabCut dataset,
 using different pattern classifiers for one stage of our framework, and the
 results were still above 97.7%. Also, we used the average number of drawn
 markers as an indication of user interaction, and part of our current
 approach (described in [2]) required about 5 markers in average (foreground
 + background). We are currently working on a paper to detail our  final
 framework, because what was proposed on [2] was further improved to make
 user interaction even more effective and simple, while maintaining the
 segmentation quality.
 I made a video comparing what I am going to implement for GIMP (currently on
 our research software) and the soc-2009-siox-drb branch, which can be seen
 here: http://vimeo.com/9803589. In my comparison, I used two images from the
 GrabCut dataset and one from the Berkeley dataset [4] that present
 increasing degree of difficulty. I believe that the foreground selection
 tool requires a lot more user interaction for most common images, because it
 usually does not handle well cases where foreground and background have
 similar texture/color (as pointed out on the SIOX paper).


 In my opinion we should at this point concentrate on merging last year's
 work on the SIOX tool. If we start to add other segmentation methods
 before this work is merged, then it will become very difficult to ever
 get the soc-2009-siox-drb branch merged.


 I agree that it should be a concern to merge that branch, but I think my
 framework could be released as a minor version in the future. So, it would
 be nice to have GSoC support for that.
 [1] - http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1700473
 [2] - http://www.springerlink.com/content/7415482725175nm7/
 [3] - Spina, T. V.; Montoya-Zegarra, J. A.; Andrijauskas, F.; Faria, F. A.;
  Zampieri, C. E. A.; Pinto-Cáceres, S. M.; Carvalho, T. J. and Falcão,  A.
 X. A comparative study among pattern classifiers in interactive image
 segmentation. Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and
   Image Processing, 22 (SIBGRAPI), Oct 2009, IEEE. To appear in IEEE Xplore.
 [4] - http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/Research/Projects/CS/vision/bsds/

 --
 Thiago Vallin Spina
 MSc student
 Laboratory of Visual Informatics
 Institute of Computing -- Unicamp
 www.liv.ic.unicamp.br

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Re: [Gimp-developer] GIMP 2.8 schedule

2010-01-11 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Martin,

I am happy to do that. Last time we asked though people said there is no time...

I wonder when you tried integrating it? It should definitely compile...

Gerald

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Sent from Berkeley, CA, United States


On Mon, Jan 11, 2010 at 2:11 PM, Martin Nordholts ense...@gmail.com wrote:
 Gerald Friedland wrote:

 Hi,

 I think we owe it to Google that all the Google Summer of Code stuff
 be put into GIMP 2.8 (or earlier).

 Hi Gerald

 If you want the SIOX improvements in 2.8 you should help us integrate it.
 For me the code on the branch didn't even compile last time I tried.

 The first step is to merge 'master' to 'soc-2009-siox-drb' so we get a small
 diff when we eventually merge 'soc-2009-siox-drb' to 'master'.

 Thanks for any help!

 Best regards,
 Martin Nordholts


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Re: [Gimp-developer] A new

2009-09-20 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi,

 But SIOX is supposed to be more than a selection tool, isn't it? Isn't
 it about extracting foreground objects? A selection is not enough for that
 when the foreground consists of transparent pixels.

 SIOX is a tool to create a selection, nothing more. I don't see what a
 foreground extraction tool should do besides selecting the foreground.
 Perhaps you can explain this?

 Consider a completely red background with a slightly blurred green filled
 circle in the foreground [1]. If you want to extract the green foreground
 object you need to get rid of the red in the pixels with both red and
 green, but you can't do that with only a selection.

 A good foreground selection tool would need to get rid of the red in the
 pixels with both red and green and only leave slightly transparent green
 pixels.

Absolutely. And this is exactly what Jenny has implemented as part of
the Google Summer of Code.
(So until now SIOX was 'only a selection tool' but now it's not
anymore -- at least once Jenny's code
makes it's way into the main branch)

Gerald

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Re: [Gimp-developer] A new

2009-09-18 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Alex,

Background extraction IS indeed tricky.

First, different pictures require different tools. Everything where
the foreground color is essentially one color, such as drawings will
work best with a tool like Magic Wand. The foreground extraction Jenny
was improving is intended to be used on photographs and works best
when the fotograph features a clearly distinctive foreground but the
foreground can easily contain millions of colors and as of now, the
foreground can also have very fine structure. There is virtually no
tool that can deal with transparencies, reflections, and other nasty
stuff. When extracting objects with these issues you have to be lucky.

Second, the way to think of these semi-automatic extraction tools is
to compare them with a dish washer. Very often, the dish washer will
do a good job and clean your dishes. So it'll save you work and it'll
be cleaner than if you'd done it manually in the same time. However,
for some pieces, the dish washer just doesn't work. Often these are
the pieces that are particularly difficult, sometimes though you ask
yourself: Why is this glass still dirty -- it's like all the other
glasses? So there are people who do not want a dish washer because
they want to be in absolute control of the cleaning process. However,
would you stop producing, selling, using, and improving dish washers
in general, just because they don't work always? The answer is of
course: No because in sum they are useful.
Same with automatic foreground extraction methods: For some images
they save a lot of work, for others they might cause trouble. Some
people will never use the tools because they want to be in complete
control of the segmentation process. In sum they are useful though.

Gerald

On Thu, Sep 17, 2009 at 10:57 PM, Alexandre Prokoudine
alexandre.prokoud...@gmail.com wrote:
 On Fri, Sep 18, 2009 at 2:34 AM, SorinN wrote:
 Well, every background extraction is tricky - I tried PhotoshopCS 4
 tools - they seems to be trivial to use and seem to be easy - but for
 a complex task which need a lot of pixel precision you have to do a
 lot of manually corrections too so the final feelig is a kind of
 frustration - (with gimp magic wand progresive selection feature [drag
 over layer left / right], I can do the same thing quicker).

 Are you talking about
 http://help.adobe.com/en_US/Photoshop/11.0/WSFD9BA8C5-31BA-4fec-81F3-CF04EE5295FCa.html
 ?

 Alexandre
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Re: [Gimp-developer] A new

2009-09-15 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Martin,

Conceptually, these pictures should work very well with SIOX -- also
with the version that is already productively included in GIMP. Of
course, individual cases might sometimes be more tricky.
What Jenny added is the capability of a soft segmentation. This means
segmenting regions where background and foreground might fall into the
same pixel because of texture complexity or blurring of the picture.

Gerald

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International Computer Science Institute
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http://www.gerald-friedland.org
--



On Mon, Sep 14, 2009 at 9:37 PM, Martin Nordholts ense...@gmail.com wrote:
 On 09/15/2009 03:50 AM, Jenny wrote:
 Hi all,

 In this Google Summer of Code season, a new detail refinement brush was done.
 This page is a demo: http://sites.google.com/site/gsoc2009/result-demo

 There might still be some bug. I'd love to get any feedback from you.

 Hi Jenny,

 Thanks for making that page. Would it be possible to also get a sample how the
 new SIOX performs for green screens? A zoom in at the edge of the extracted
 object to show how it handles alpha would also be interesting.

 These are the kind of pictures I mean:
 http://images.google.com/images?q=green+screen

 BR,
 Martin

 --

 My GIMP Blog:
 http://www.chromecode.com/

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Re: [Gimp-developer] GSoC: good job Michael

2009-04-19 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Nicolas and all,

Melange or not Melange. Michael did a very good job anyways.
When you read Leslie's emails on the mentor list you can read
about all the problems that other orgs caused by not paying
attention. GIMP so far caused none of them and was always
well organized.

So again: Good job, Michael!

Greetings,
Gerald

On Sun, Apr 19, 2009 at 7:21 AM, Nicolas Robidoux
nrobid...@cs.laurentian.ca wrote:

 I just want to let everyone know that many organizations fell into an
 unintended trap having to do the Melange software used by Google to
 manage the application process, trap in which Michael Schumacher, our
 GSoC admin, did NOT fall.

 Nicolas Robidoux
 Universite Laurentienne
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Re: [Gimp-developer] google summer of code

2009-03-23 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi Irena,

The general answer is: Yes, of course this is interesting. However,
please keep in mind that many research papers might not be easily
implementable into GIMP in one summer. Many computer vision papers
present conceptual ideas rather than algorithms productively usable by
an end user.

Therefore my suggestion would  be to pick one of your suggested
papers, create a paragraph or two on what you want to do and propose
it to this mailing list. This way, people who are familiar with the
concretely affected parts of the  GIMP code can tell you what is
doable and how.

Gerald

On Mon, Mar 23, 2009 at 8:55 AM, Irena Damsky irena.dam...@gmail.com wrote:
 would appreciate a reaction,
 anyone?

 On Sun, Mar 22, 2009 at 11:02 PM, Irena Damsky irena.dam...@gmail.com
 wrote:

 Hi all,

 I'm a Msc student of CS in the Inter diceplinery center in Herzliya,
 Israel.
 my main interests are image proccesing, image manipulation, computational
 photography and 2nd computer graphics.

 from the list of suggested ideas for the GIMP GSoC I saw that the main
 project suggestions are mainly for GUI and stuff like that,
 are there any project idea's that involve image manipulation?

 for example, there had been papers on gradient domain editing, such as
 http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~tommer/extra/adv-graphics/pie2003.pdf and I wonder,
 can something like this, or like colorization by example such as
 http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~dcor/online_papers/papers/colorization05.pdf
 or natural colorization such as
 http://luanqing1021.googlepages.com/research

 can something like that become a GSoC project?

 Thank you!
 Irena

 --
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 irena.dam...@gmail.com
 ++972-57-8165528
 ++972-52-3294417
 you can also find me on MSN: ira_dam...@hotmail.com

 Smile! and the world will smile with you!
 Cry! and you'll cry alone...



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Re: [Gimp-developer] A GSoC Purpose: Improve the Performance of SIOX

2009-03-14 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi,

Jenny, nice to meet you!

I agree with Sven that implementing the Detail Refinement Brush as
described on
the http://siox.org website would be something that could be done
immediately, i.e.
without performing extensive computer vision research and would
contribute significantly to the
improvement of the SIOX tool. Once it is done, there is still room for
research, e.g. how to
automate the detail refinement brush further and also HCI issues.

I am glad to respond to any questions by email and could be a mentor
as far as conceptual
questions (as opposed to GIMP code structure) are concerned.

Gerald

On Sat, Mar 14, 2009 at 5:05 AM, Sven Neumann s...@gimp.org wrote:
 Hi,

 On Sat, 2009-03-14 at 19:41 +0800, Jenny wrote:

 I didn't read the code of SIOX and GIMP yet, and be not sure if the
 features in this page http://www.siox.org/preview.html has been
 implemented in GIMP's current development version.

 The Detail Refinement Brush that is mentioned on this page has not been
 implemented yet.

 And I'm still not
 sure if Gerald want to be a mentor in this GSoC Season.

 I have forwarded your mail to him and asked him if he'd be interested to
 help us having a GSoC project on SIOX. Please give him some time to
 respond. He is probably quite busy in his new job at the International
 Computer Science Institute (ICSI) in Berkeley.


 Sven


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Re: [Gimp-developer] proposal for better status bar messages (long)

2006-06-23 Thread Gerald Friedland

 I guessed from what Sven said, inverting the image colors first might
help, and I was right.
 I made my second try by:

 * Inverting the image
 * Selecting the entire image in the initial 'lasso' pass.
 * Disabling 'Contiguous'
 * Setting L,a,b sensitivity to 0,707,555 respectively. (a,b was just a
guess, but L was 0 to accommodate the harsh brightness contrasts of the
widgets)
 * Switching to background mode
 * Scrawling a bit (~3 strokes) on the windows

 Overall it was quite straightforward, actually.

http://img.photobucket.com/albums/v449/neota/tech/gimp/screenshot-2006-06-21-try2.png
 (selected areas marked in blueness -- the window 'shadow' got selected,
but otherwise it seems quite satisfactory.)


 .. My experience above causes me to wonder if 'BGselect' could be made by
inverting the L*a*b  values before interpreting them; maybe something to try
after 2.4.



I do not quite understand your problems.  I am an aloof developer who
has serious problems to understand user's problems. Please help me
out, maybe I am misunderstanding something? So please do not get me
wrong here.

What one defines foreground or background is not a matter of the tool
but a matter of the human being who is using the tool.

I cut out the windows selecting them all with the lasso.
See: http://www.gerald-friedland.de/tmp/multiwindow_sel.png

Then I disabled contiguos because the Windows in this image are not
connected (may be disconnected would be a better string?).

Then I needed a few foreground strokes, mainly to select the KDE
toolbar (or was it GNOME) and to include all the colors shown in this
GIMP tool dialog.

The result is then: http://www.gerald-friedland.de/tmp/multiwindow_cutout.png

If you want to have the screen-background instead of the windows, use
select/invert and you get the background instead of the
foreground...

No need to fiddle with color sensitivity?

Greetings,
Gerald

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Re: [Gimp-developer] proposal for better status bar messages (long)

2006-06-23 Thread Gerald Friedland

Hi David!


  As far as I know, foreground and background are still objectively
different from the computer's point of view and our point of view; they have
different characteristics. A background tends to
 be less detailed than a foreground; also, the definition of background is
further muddied by the possibility of having multiple overlapping objects at
different depths.


I see your point. The problem is that humans might have an intuition
for background although it does not work for all pictures.

If there were any objective difference between background and
foreground then a foreground selection tool would exist with a hundert
percent robustness and nobody would care about extracting manually or
even semi-automatically because the entire problem would not exist.
One could just use this objective criterion on any image without any
user interaction and let the computer do the segmentation (even in
batch mode).

The reality is that there is no unique definition to distinguish
foreground from background in every picture.

You can prove this easily:
Given a picture that consist of one white pixel and one black pixel.
What is foreground now?
Four possible answers:
- None or Both pixels = No differentiation possible. Thanks, no
further argumentation needed.
- White = OK. You define all white pixels to be foreground. Given
this definition of foreground, I won't have to show you millions of
photographs where this definition does not work, will I?
- Black. See white.
- You give any other definition. This will not apply to the two-pixel
checkerboard.
= No unique definition for foreground or background exists that works
for all all images. Sorry.


 You clearly understand the tool(and maybe the algorithym too) better than
I.
 However, my basic point is that 'what is not foreground' may mean
something quite different from 'what is background'; the only case in which
this will be false is when all objects are all at the same depth.


In this point you are right. As it is not clear what foreground and
background is, it is well possible for a given picture, that a third,
fourth, fifth class exists...

SIOX is a heuristics and there are several assumptions behind it:
1.) The user wants to extract one object (one connected pixel area) or
a set of objects (several connected pixel areas) of similar color
structure [=foreground].
2.) The foreground has an overall different color structure than the
rest of the picture [=background].
3.) The user provides the algorithm with information of the color
structure of the background and gives a spatial hint where the
foreground may reside. This is done by drawing the first lasso
selection. Everything outside the lass is considered background.
4.) The user provides further information on the color structure of
the foreground. This is done using the foreground brush marking.

Then the SIOX algorithm classifies those pixels that are not
background and not part of the foreground marking by comparing their
perceptual similarity to these two classes. Further (foreground or
background) markings can be added if SIOX' first guess wasn't
satisfying.

So given the heuristics defined by SIOX, background is the true
opposite of foreground. If for some reason it might be hard to extract
background with SIOX: Try to extract the foreground and invert the
selection.

However, because no unique definition of background or foreground
exists, there will always be images where any automatic foreground
extraction fails (even the one working in our brains). The good thing
about SIOX is that it works better for more images than the other
extraction tools that I know.

Gerald

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Re: [Gimp-developer] GIMP and Google SoC

2006-04-22 Thread Gerald Friedland
* Improve SIOX to give nice anti-aliased result. The current
implementation is a nice bulletpoint in a feature-list, but
the result is very jaggy and hardly usable as is. Unless you
work at 4 times the final resolution perhaps.

 Perhaps Gerald could elaborate a bit about the Detail Refinement Brush
 for SIOX. There is already code for this in GIMP CVS. It just isn't
 used yet.

I would be really happy if the implementation of the DRB could be done
as a Google SoC project. And there is still room for speed
improvements in SIOX...Me or Kristian would be there for any
questions.

However, as far as I understood, there is still an issue: Is GIMP able
to display non-binary alpha values? I loaded in a PNG that I created
using the SIOX demonstration Applet and I saw that GIMP binarizes the
alpha values

Gerald

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[Gimp-developer] Re: [Gimp-user] `Bucket fill' ..

2006-03-27 Thread Gerald Friedland
I think his problem is that he is trying to bucket fill a natural
image. This doesn`t really work as there are too much colors in
natural images and thresholding doesn`t really work (for example,
try to bucket fill a gradient).
However, this gets me to an idea: We could build a natural bucket
fill tool by reducing the colors using color clustering from SIOX and
then fill.  The color reduction would have to be much more radical,
like with limits={5,5,10} or even higher values. I guess it has to be
user controllable at the end... but this is something that I miss in
every image manipulation program. Maybe we can put this on the task
list.

On 3/27/06, Sven Neumann [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
 Hi,

 John Eadie [EMAIL PROTECTED] writes:

  For instance, how can you make the bucket fill tool actually do
  anything?

 Point and click ?!

 Seriously, your question doesn't make a lot of sense to me. The tool
 should just work. If it doesn't, you should perhaps describe what
 exactly you are trying to do and how.


 Sven
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Re: [Gimp-developer] GimpCon dates

2005-09-13 Thread Gerald Friedland
Hi!

As I said, I am looking forward to come. I could give a talk about
siox - whatever people want to hear about it.

Regards,
Gerald

On 9/13/05, David Odin [EMAIL PROTECTED] wrote:
   Hi,
 
 The dates for the next GimpCon are march 17h-18th-19th 2006.
 
 Please have a look at http://wiki.gimp.org/GimpCon and confirm if you
 will come as soon as possible,
 
Cheers,
 
DindinX
 
 --
 [EMAIL PROTECTED]
 D[4],n,d,*T,l,L;main(i,v)char**v;{if(i3)return;L=atoi(v[1]);l=atoi(v[2]);T=
 alloca(4*L*l);while(nL*l){for(i=D[d];i(d1?l:L)-D[d^2];i++)T[!d?i+L*D[1]:d
 2?L-D[2]-1+L*i:d3?-i-1+L*(l-D[3]):*D+L*(l-i-1)]=++n;D[d=++d3]++;}while(n)
 printf(--n%L?%5d:%5d\n,*T++);}
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Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 9 http://www.gerald-friedland.org
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[Gimp-developer] Multiple Selections for a Gimp-Plugin

2005-05-30 Thread Gerald Friedland
Dear Gimp-Developer-Community!

I am new to this list and also to Gimp development so please excuse me
if this question is trivial or out-of-topic.

We have developed a foreground extraction algorithm that improves
substantially over  Magic Wand (Photoshop) and also the tool that is
inside GIMP. It could be compared to Microsoft Grabcut, but it is a
lot faster because our approach was originally intended for video
segmentation. A Java 1.4 based demonstration Applet can be found at:
http://kazan.inf.fu-berlin.de/echalk/Segmentation/

I want to make this available as a GIMP Plugin, but my problem is that
(as you can see in the demonstration) sometimes it requires the user
to make multiple selections (region of interest and several foreground
samples).

I just cannot figure out how to model this in GIMP, as it seems to
allow only one selection per Plugin-call.

Any help out there from experienced Plug-In or Gimp-developers?
 
Regards,
Gerald Friedland

-- 
Gerald Friedland Raum 164   Tel: ++49 (0)30/838-75134
Freie Universität Berlin Takustr. 9 http://www.gerald-friedland.de
Institut für Informatik  14195 Berlin   [EMAIL PROTECTED]
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