Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-30 Thread Bruno Marchal


On 29 May 2013, at 22:46, meekerdb wrote:


On 5/29/2013 9:52 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote:


On 29 May 2013, at 18:37, Bruno Marchal wrote:



On 29 May 2013, at 17:47, Quentin Anciaux wrote:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems#Construction_of_a_statement_about_.22provability.22


2013/5/29 John Clark johnkcl...@gmail.com
On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 2:37 AM, Bruno Marchal  
marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:
 If you want to communicate why should I need to search at  
all?  And if even Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then  
it's ridiculous to expect your readers to know what you're  
talking about.


 Come on, John. Search for true opinion.  Bp  p is a formula  
using some notation for this,


So when I read your post and you said Bp  p I should have said  
to myself obviously if I Google true opinion it will tell me  
what Bp  p means. Well, that is not obvious to me at all but it  
doesn't matter because I just Googled true opinion and I still  
can't find a damn thing about Bp  p.


Bp = I believe in p, or 'my opinion is that it is the case that  
p', or, in the context of ideally correct (and simple machine):  
Beweisbar('p').


p, when produced by some system,  means, in all books on logic,  
that p is true (from the system pov).


So Bp  p is a ay to model true opinion, in some system.




When I write I always ask myself if anybody will understand what  
I say, I may not always be successful in making myself clear but  
at least I try. You're not even trying.


I have explained this more than one times on this list, to  
different people, because once you get it you can't forget.
You have come perhaps too much recently, but you can always ask  
question. You should not focus on the formula, but on what it  
represents. It is also explained in sane04, and basically, in all  
my papers on this subject. Probably with different notations.





Or perhaps you just agree with what Niels Bohr said I refuse to  
speak more clearly than I think.



Bp is for I believe p, produced by some machinery (machine,  
formal system, ...).


In particular, it is an expression in some modal logic. 'Belief'  
obeys usually the axioms:


1.  B(p-q) - B(p - Bq)
2.  Bp - BBp

Bp  p means (I believe in p) and p. P alone, in the assertative  
mode of some entity means it is the case that p. (independently  
of the veracity of p).


For knowledge, we use the axiom:

3. Bp - p

As Gödel saw in 1933, beweisbar, or provability, does not obey to  
that third axiom, and so provability cannot model  
knowledgeability. Indeed no consistent machine can prove B('0=1') - 
 0=1, which is equivalent with ~B('0=1'), which is self- 
consistency.


I'm not sure I understand this.  Are you saying we cannot take (Bp- 
p) for all p as an axiom because it would entail Bf -f and then  
~f-~Bf, and since ~f is true by definition it would entail that the  
machine is consistent?


Yes.

More generally p - f is equivalent with ~p, as you can verify by  
doing the truth table:


p   -   f
100
010

That's why Löb's theorem B(Bp - p) - Bp generalizes Gödel's second  
incompleteness theorem: just replace p by f.  B(~Bf) - Bf, ~Bf -  
~B(~Bf),  Dt - ~BDt.


Bruno




http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/



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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-29 Thread John Clark
On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 2:37 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:

  If you want to communicate why should I need to search at all?  And if
 even Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then it's ridiculous to
 expect your readers to know what you're talking about.


  Come on, John. Search for true opinion.  Bp  p is a formula using
 some notation for this,


So when I read your post and you said Bp  p I should have said to myself
obviously if I Google true opinion it will tell me what Bp  p means.
Well, that is not obvious to me at all but it doesn't matter because I just
Googled true opinion and I still can't find a damn thing about Bp  p.
When I write I always ask myself if anybody will understand what I say, I
may not always be successful in making myself clear but at least I try.
You're not even trying.  Or perhaps you just agree with what Niels Bohr
said I refuse to speak more clearly than I think.

  John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-29 Thread Quentin Anciaux
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems#Construction_of_a_statement_about_.22provability.22


2013/5/29 John Clark johnkcl...@gmail.com

 On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 2:37 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:

  If you want to communicate why should I need to search at all?  And if
 even Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then it's ridiculous to
 expect your readers to know what you're talking about.


  Come on, John. Search for true opinion.  Bp  p is a formula using
 some notation for this,


 So when I read your post and you said Bp  p I should have said to
 myself obviously if I Google true opinion it will tell me what Bp  p
 means. Well, that is not obvious to me at all but it doesn't matter because
 I just Googled true opinion and I still can't find a damn thing about Bp
  p.  When I write I always ask myself if anybody will understand what I
 say, I may not always be successful in making myself clear but at least I
 try. You're not even trying.  Or perhaps you just agree with what Niels
 Bohr said I refuse to speak more clearly than I think.

   John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-29 Thread Bruno Marchal


On 29 May 2013, at 17:47, Quentin Anciaux wrote:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems#Construction_of_a_statement_about_.22provability.22


2013/5/29 John Clark johnkcl...@gmail.com
On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 2:37 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be  
wrote:
 If you want to communicate why should I need to search at all?   
And if even Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then it's  
ridiculous to expect your readers to know what you're talking about.


 Come on, John. Search for true opinion.  Bp  p is a formula  
using some notation for this,


So when I read your post and you said Bp  p I should have said to  
myself obviously if I Google true opinion it will tell me what Bp  
 p means. Well, that is not obvious to me at all but it doesn't  
matter because I just Googled true opinion and I still can't find  
a damn thing about Bp  p.


Bp = I believe in p, or 'my opinion is that it is the case that p',  
or, in the context of ideally correct (and simple machine):  
Beweisbar('p').


p, when produced by some system,  means, in all books on logic, that p  
is true (from the system pov).


So Bp  p is a ay to model true opinion, in some system.




When I write I always ask myself if anybody will understand what I  
say, I may not always be successful in making myself clear but at  
least I try. You're not even trying.


I have explained this more than one times on this list, to different  
people, because once you get it you can't forget.
You have come perhaps too much recently, but you can always ask  
question. You should not focus on the formula, but on what it  
represents. It is also explained in sane04, and basically, in all my  
papers on this subject. Probably with different notations.





Or perhaps you just agree with what Niels Bohr said I refuse to  
speak more clearly than I think.



Bp is for I believe p, produced by some machinery (machine, formal  
system, ...).


In particular, it is an expression in some modal logic. 'Belief' obeys  
usually the axioms:


1.  B(p-q) - B(p - Bq)
2.  Bp - BBp

Bp  p means (I believe in p) and p. P alone, in the assertative  
mode of some entity means it is the case that p. (independently of  
the veracity of p).


For knowledge, we use the axiom:

3. Bp - p

As Gödel saw in 1933, beweisbar, or provability, does not obey to that  
third axiom, and so provability cannot model knowledgeability. Indeed  
no consistent machine can prove B('0=1') - 0=1, which is equivalent  
with ~B('0=1'), which is self-consistency.


But it is trivial that the new connector Kp, defined by Bp  p,  
verifies the axiom 3. So we get a way to associate a knower to a  
machine. But it cannot be defined in arithmetic, as you would need to  
define a predicate like B('p')  true('p'), which cannot exist by a  
theorem of Tarski saying that true is not definable. We can only  
simulate it by the modal trick of Theaetetus, for each arithmetical  
formula. For example,


I know that 1+1=2 can be emulated by B('1+1=2')  1+1=2. But you  
cannot find a general arithmetical predicate for knowledge, and this  
makes such kind of knowledge confirming many studies by philosophers  
and theologian, in the computer science setting.


Here belief is always a form of rational belief, which is  basically  
the meaning of the axiom 1 above.


Is is clearer? Ask anything.
I have already given such explanation here, and I will at some point  
later explain this again on FOAR. No need to be angry or something,


Bruno



http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/



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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-29 Thread meekerdb

On 5/29/2013 9:52 AM, Bruno Marchal wrote:


On 29 May 2013, at 18:37, Bruno Marchal wrote:



On 29 May 2013, at 17:47, Quentin Anciaux wrote:


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%27s_incompleteness_theorems#Construction_of_a_statement_about_.22provability.22


2013/5/29 John Clark johnkcl...@gmail.com mailto:johnkcl...@gmail.com

On Wed, May 29, 2013 at 2:37 AM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be
mailto:marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:


 If you want to communicate why should I need to search at all?  And 
if
even Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then it's ridiculous to 
expect
your readers to know what you're talking about.


 Come on, John. Search for true opinion.  Bp  p is a formula using 
some
notation for this,


So when I read your post and you said Bp  p I should have said to myself
obviously if I Google true opinion it will tell me what Bp  p means. 
Well,
that is not obvious to me at all but it doesn't matter because I just 
Googled
true opinion and I still can't find a damn thing about Bp  p.



Bp = I believe in p, or 'my opinion is that it is the case that p', or, in the context 
of ideally correct (and simple machine): Beweisbar('p').


p, when produced by some system,  means, in all books on logic, that p is true (from 
the system pov).


So Bp  p is a ay to model true opinion, in some system.





When I write I always ask myself if anybody will understand what I say, I 
may not
always be successful in making myself clear but at least I try. You're not 
even
trying.



I have explained this more than one times on this list, to different people, because 
once you get it you can't forget.
You have come perhaps too much recently, but you can always ask question. You should 
not focus on the formula, but on what it represents. It is also explained in sane04, 
and basically, in all my papers on this subject. Probably with different notations.






Or perhaps you just agree with what Niels Bohr said I refuse to speak more
clearly than I think.




Bp is for I believe p, produced by some machinery (machine, formal system, 
...).

In particular, it is an expression in some modal logic. 'Belief' obeys usually 
the axioms:

1.  B(p-q) - B(p - Bq)
2.  Bp - BBp

Bp  p means (I believe in p) and p. P alone, in the assertative mode of some entity 
means it is the case that p. (independently of the veracity of p).


For knowledge, we use the axiom:

3. Bp - p

As Gödel saw in 1933, beweisbar, or provability, does not obey to that third axiom, and 
so provability cannot model knowledgeability. Indeed no consistent machine can prove 
B('0=1') - 0=1, which is equivalent with ~B('0=1'), which is self-consistency.


I'm not sure I understand this.  Are you saying we cannot take (Bp-p) for all p as an 
axiom because it would entail Bf -f and then ~f-~Bf, and since ~f is true by definition 
it would entail that the machine is consistent?


Brent



But it is trivial that the new connector Kp, defined by Bp  p, verifies the axiom 3. 
So we get a way to associate a knower to a machine. But it cannot be defined in 
arithmetic, as you would need to define a predicate like B('p')  true('p'), which 
cannot exist by a theorem of Tarski saying that true is not definable. We can only 
simulate it by the modal trick of Theaetetus, for each arithmetical formula. For example,


I know that 1+1=2 can be emulated by B('1+1=2')  1+1=2. But you cannot find a 
general arithmetical predicate for knowledge, and this makes such kind of knowledge 
confirming many studies by philosophers and theologian, in the computer science setting.


Here belief is always a form of rational belief, which is  basically the meaning of the 
axiom 1 above.


Is is clearer? Ask anything.
I have already given such explanation here, and I will at some point later explain this 
again on FOAR. No need to be angry or something,


Bruno


Oops!

Of course I was talking to J. Clark, not Quentin.

Sorry,

Bruno











http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/ http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/%7Emarchal/




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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-28 Thread John Clark
On Mon, May 27, 2013  Russell Standish li...@hpcoders.com.au wrote:

 John - you are being disingenuous here. Bruno has explained this [Bpp] at

considerable length.


If even mighty Google doesn't know what Bpp is then I'm not embarrassed in
not knowing either.

 John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-28 Thread John Clark
On Mon, May 27, 2013  Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:

 Have you heard about Gödel's theorem?


Yes.

  The only difference between objective and subjective is that in one
 case information is universally available and in the other case the
 information only exists in 3 pounds of grey goo inside one particular bone
 box.

  There are other important difference. You can doubt the whole objective
 part, but you can't doubt the whole subjective part.


Because you only have direct experience with the information inside your
bone box and direct experience beats the conclusions from any theory; thus
the greater the information you can get inside that  box the broader your
experience and the more the subjective will resemble the objective.

 Also, the term information has many different meaning, from something
 you can measure (Shannon) to something interpreted by some machine, or
 other entities.


I agree that there is no mathematical way to measure the quality of
information in a way comparable to how Shannon measured information's
quantity.

  John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-28 Thread Bruno Marchal


On 28 May 2013, at 17:52, John Clark wrote:


On Mon, May 27, 2013  Russell Standish li...@hpcoders.com.au wrote:

 John - you are being disingenuous here. Bruno has explained this  
[Bpp] at

considerable length.

If even mighty Google doesn't know what Bpp is then I'm not  
embarrassed in not knowing either.



You might search on Theatetus instead, as Russell suggested.

It is the older theory of knowledge. It is the idea that knowledge is  
subjectively the same as belief, except that, *by definition* the  
belief is correct.


The very old Wittgenstein, the one who wrote On Certainty,  
eventually got it, and realize implicitly somehow he was wrong until  
there.


The greek used it to develop the dream argument. You can find similar  
argument in chinese and indian philosophies.


Now, by Gödel's theorem, provability (Gödel's beweisbar arithmetic  
predicate Bew, which is sigma_1 complete and thus represent a  
provability predicate enough rich to emulate all Turing machines, i.e.  
to be universal in the Church-Turing-Post sense) does NOT obey  
Bew('p') - p, with p an arbitrary arithmetical sentence. I write Bp - 
 p for the longer expression (and later this is amde precise by  
theorem on the modal logics G and G*)


If PA, or any correct Löbian machine, would prove all Bp - p,  this  
would entail they would prove Bf - f, with f the constant  
propositional 'false'), and so they would prove ~Bf, and they would  
contradict Gödel's second incompleteness theorem.


But this means that the logical expressions Bew('p'),  and Bew('p')   
p will obeys different logics, and it can be shown that for the Löbian  
machines (and even more general class of entities) such logic obeys  
the classical theory of knowledge, axiomatized by the modal logic S4.  
Indeed they are entirely formalized by S4 + K(K(p-Kp)-p)-p. K for  
I know.


So, incompleteness makes the definition of Theatetus working well for  
the case study of a simple notion of knowledge for the ideally correct  
machines.
There are many interesting theorem, like the fact that the knower  
cannot attribute a name to itself, that it feels like not being a  
machine, and is somehow right on that, that he is a fixed point in a  
relation between believe and truth, etc.


John,
UDA is supposed to explain that physics is in your head,
and
AUDA is supposed to explain that physics (and much more) is in the  
head of *all* universal machine/number.

(the Lôbian one are just more chatty about all this).

It makes sense for people who, in this list, try to get a theory of  
everything, explaining, without begging the question, from where  
matter and consciousness comes from, and how they are related.


What I argue is that if we assume we can survive with a physical  
digital brain, then physics get reduced to a relative measure problem  
on all computations, or Turing emulable processes, as defined in  
arithmetic.
I use arithmetic but any first order logical specification of a  
universal system would work.


This will be translated by a refinement of Bp  p, in fact by Bp  p   
Dt. With p restricted to the sigma_1 proposition (UD-accessible). Dt =  
~Bf = self-consistency. This will again give the same extensional view  
of arithmetic, but a quite different intensional, or modal, one. This  
is too long to justify here. But this works, and give an arithmetical  
quantization from which you can see the shadow of the quantum linear  
symmetrical core of physical reality. Linearity should  ensure the  
existence of the first person plural deep histories.


Actually, arithmetical quantization appear with the Bp  p, Bp  Dt,  
and Bp  p  Dt, (all p sigma_1) making possible many nuances.


Bruno




 John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-28 Thread John Clark
On Tue, May 28, 2013 at 1:33 PM, Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:


  If even mighty Google doesn't know what Bpp is then I'm not
 embarrassed in not knowing either.



 You might search on Theatetus instead, as Russell suggested.



If you want to communicate why should I need to search at all?  And if even
Google doesn't know what the hell Bpp is then it's ridiculous to expect
your readers to know what you're talking about.

  John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-27 Thread Bruno Marchal


On 26 May 2013, at 19:08, John Clark wrote:


On Sun, May 26, 2013  Roger Clough rclo...@verizon.net wrote:

 Materialism fails to account for the first person

Can non-materialism do better and if so how?


Yes, by using the mathematical theory of self-reference. The only  
problem is that eventually matter has to be redefined through  
coherence conditions on machine's dreams/computations.
The details of this explains that the knower (Bp  p) makes sense  
thanks to incompleteness which makes both Bp and (Bp  p) equivalent,  
(they prove the same arithmetical sentences) but not provably so by  
the machine, and this makes it obeying to a knowledge logic, unlike  
provability which obeys a belief logic.


Bruno






  John K Clark



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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-27 Thread John Clark
On Mon, May 27, 2013  Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:

  Can non-materialism do better and if so how?

  Yes, by using the mathematical theory of self-reference.


I've never heard of  the mathematical theory of self-reference. And it's
no great mystery, the only difference between you and me is that we each
can access memories that the other can not, and we process information in
slightly different ways, in other words we have different personalities.
The only difference between objective and subjective is that in one case
information is universally available and in the other case the information
only exists in 3 pounds of grey goo inside one particular bone box.

The details of this explains that the knower (Bp  p)


Yet another of your homemade anagrams, this time it sounds like a oil
company not what a baby does to a diaper. I could probably figure out what
you mean if I thought about it enough, but if you don't take the effort to
make yourself understood I don't see why I should make an effort to
understand you.

 John K Clark

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-27 Thread Bruno Marchal


On 27 May 2013, at 19:28, John Clark wrote:


On Mon, May 27, 2013  Bruno Marchal marc...@ulb.ac.be wrote:

 Can non-materialism do better and if so how?


 Yes, by using the mathematical theory of self-reference.

I've never heard of  the mathematical theory of self-reference.


Have you heard about Gödel's theorem?


The mathematical theory of self-reference is the general theory,  
containing Löb theorems, many other fixed points theorem, and  
eventually axiomatized by Solovay who showed that the modal logic G  
and G* formalize respectively the provable and the true (but not  
necessarily provable) part about self-reference, provable by machine,  
or some more general entities.


Here is one non modal paper, three good textbooks, and a recreative  
introduction.


Smorynski, C., 1981, Fifty Years of Self-Reference in Arithmetic,  
Notre Dame Journal

of Formal Logic, Vol. 22, n° 4, pp. 357-374.

Smorynski C., 1985, Self-Reference and Modal Logic., Springer Verlag.

Boolos G., 1979, The Unprovability of Consistency, an Essay in Modal  
Logic,

Cambridge University Press.

Boolos, G. (1993). The Logic of Provability. Cambridge University  
Press, Cambridge.


The recreative introduction:

Smullyan R., 1987, Forever Undecided, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.




And it's no great mystery, the only difference between you and me is  
that we each can access memories that the other can not, and we  
process information in slightly different ways, in other words we  
have different personalities.


OK.


The only difference between objective and subjective is that in one  
case information is universally available and in the other case the  
information only exists in 3 pounds of grey goo inside one  
particular bone box.


There are other important difference. You can doubt the whole  
objective part, but you can't doubt the whole subjective part. Also,  
the term information has many different meaning, from something you  
can measure (Shannon) to something interpreted by some machine, or  
other entities.






The details of this explains that the knower (Bp  p)

Yet another of your homemade anagrams, this time it sounds like a  
oil company not what a baby does to a diaper. I could probably  
figure out what you mean if I thought about it enough, but if you  
don't take the effort to make yourself understood I don't see why I  
should make an effort to understand you.


You need to read the book above, or to read my papers where I re- 
explain this from scratch, but concisely. It is computer science and  
mathematical logic. That is of course useful to reason when you assume  
computationalism.


Bp  p is for an arithmetical proposition asserting Beweisbar(p)   
p, with p some arithmetical proposition, and 'p', the Gödel number of  
the arithmetical sentence representing p.




Bruno


http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/



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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-27 Thread Russell Standish
On Mon, May 27, 2013 at 01:28:42PM -0400, John Clark wrote:
 The details of this explains that the knower (Bp  p)
 
 
 Yet another of your homemade anagrams, this time it sounds like a oil
 company not what a baby does to a diaper. I could probably figure out what
 you mean if I thought about it enough, but if you don't take the effort to
 make yourself understood I don't see why I should make an effort to
 understand you.
 

John - you are being disingenuous here. Bruno has explained this at
considerable length. Bp  p is not an anagram (or an abbreviation
even), but a formula, that captures the notion of Knowledge put
forward by Plato in Theatetus. Now there's plenty to argue with
there, to be sure, but suggesting that Bruno hasn't made the effort to
explain it is not one of them.

Cheers

-- 


Prof Russell Standish  Phone 0425 253119 (mobile)
Principal, High Performance Coders
Visiting Professor of Mathematics  hpco...@hpcoders.com.au
University of New South Wales  http://www.hpcoders.com.au


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Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-26 Thread Roger Clough

Materialism fails to account for the first person

Sentience or sentient experience or experience
or consciousness all require a subject who is
conscious. The first person in grammatical language.
I. 

This is missing in materialistic accounts of consciousness,
but present in Leibniz's monads.
 
 
Dr. Roger Clough NIST (ret.) 5/26/2013 
See my Leibniz site at
http://team.academia.edu/RogerClough

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Re: Materialism fails to account for the first person

2013-05-26 Thread John Clark
On Sun, May 26, 2013  Roger Clough rclo...@verizon.net wrote:

 Materialism fails to account for the first person


Can non-materialism do better and if so how?

  John K Clark

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